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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Apolipoprotein B, Residual Cardiovascular Risk After Acute Coronary Syndrome, and Effects of Alirocumab
    Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health) ; 2022
    In:  Circulation Vol. 146, No. 9 ( 2022-08-30), p. 657-672
    Details
    In: Circulation, Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), Vol. 146, No. 9 ( 2022-08-30), p. 657-672
    Abstract: Apolipoprotein B (apoB) provides an integrated measure of atherogenic risk. Whether apoB levels and apoB lowering hold incremental predictive information on residual risk after acute coronary syndrome beyond that provided by low-density lipoprotein cholesterol is uncertain. Methods: The ODYSSEY OUTCOMES trial (Evaluation of Cardiovascular Outcomes After an Acute Coronary Syndrome During Treatment With Alirocumab) compared the proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibitor alirocumab with placebo in 18 924 patients with recent acute coronary syndrome and elevated atherogenic lipoproteins despite optimized statin therapy. Primary outcome was major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE; coronary heart disease death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, fatal/nonfatal ischemic stroke, hospitalization for unstable angina). Associations between baseline apoB or apoB at 4 months and MACE were assessed in adjusted Cox proportional hazards and propensity score–matched models. Results: Median follow-up was 2.8 years. In proportional hazards analysis in the placebo group, MACE incidence increased across increasing baseline apoB strata (3.2 [95% CI, 2.9–3.6], 4.0 [95% CI, 3.6–4.5] , and 5.5 [95% CI, 5.0–6.1] events per 100 patient-years in strata 〈 75, 75– 〈 90, ≥90 mg/dL, respectively; P trend 〈 0.0001) and after adjustment for low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( P trend =0.035). Higher baseline apoB stratum was associated with greater relative ( P trend 〈 0.0001) and absolute reduction in MACE with alirocumab versus placebo. In the alirocumab group, the incidence of MACE after month 4 decreased monotonically across decreasing achieved apoB strata (4.26 [95% CI, 3.78–4.79], 3.09 [95% CI, 2.69–3.54] , and 2.41 [95% CI, 2.11–2.76] events per 100 patient-years in strata ≥50, 〉 35– 〈 50, and ≤35 mg/dL, respectively). Compared with propensity score–matched patients from the placebo group, treatment hazard ratios for alirocumab also decreased monotonically across achieved apoB strata. Achieved apoB was predictive of MACE after adjustment for achieved low-density lipoprotein cholesterol or non–high-density lipoprotein cholesterol but not vice versa. Conclusions: In patients with recent acute coronary syndrome and elevated atherogenic lipoproteins, MACE increased across baseline apoB strata. Alirocumab reduced MACE across all strata of baseline apoB, with larger absolute reductions in patients with higher baseline levels. Lower achieved apoB was associated with lower risk of MACE, even after accounting for achieved low-density lipoprotein cholesterol or non–high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, indicating that apoB provides incremental information. Achievement of apoB levels as low as ≤35 mg/dL may reduce lipoprotein-attributable residual risk after acute coronary syndrome. Registration: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov ; Unique identifier: NCT01663402.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0009-7322 , 1524-4539
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.121.057807
    Language: English
    Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1466401-X
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Movement Velocity as a Measure of Level of Effort During Resistance Exercise
    Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health) ; 2019
    In:  Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research Vol. 33, No. 6 ( 2019-06), p. 1496-1504
    Details
    In: Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), Vol. 33, No. 6 ( 2019-06), p. 1496-1504
    Abstract: Morán-Navarro, R, Martínez-Cava, A, Sánchez-Medina, L, Mora-Rodríguez, R, González-Badillo, JJ, and Pallarés, JG. Movement velocity as a measure of level of effort during resistance exercise. J Strength Cond Res 33(6): 1496–1504, 2019—This study analyzed whether the loss of repetition velocity during a resistance exercise set was a reliable indicator of the number of repetitions left in reserve. After the assessment of one-repetition (1RM) strength and full load-velocity relationship, 30 men were divided into 3 groups according to their 1RM strength per body mass: novice, well trained, and highly trained. On 2 separate occasions and in random order, subjects performed tests of maximal number of repetitions to failure against loads of 65, 75, and 85% 1RM in 4 exercises: bench press, full squat, prone bench pull, and shoulder press. For each exercise, and regardless of the load being used, the absolute velocities associated with stopping a set before failure, leaving a certain number of repetitions (2, 4, 6, or 8) in reserve, were very similar and showed a high reliability (coefficient of variation [CV] 4.4–8.0%). No significant differences in these stopping velocities were observed for any resistance training exercise analyzed between the novice, well trained and highly trained groups. These results indicate that by monitoring repetition velocity one can estimate with high accuracy the proximity of muscle failure and, therefore, to more objectively quantify the level of effort and fatigue being incurred during resistance training. This method emerges as a substantial improvement over the use of perceived exertion to gauge the number of repetitions left in reserve.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1064-8011
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000002017
    Language: English
    Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2142889-X
    SSG: 31
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A New Short Track Test to Estimate the VO2max and Maximal Aerobic Speed in Well-Trained Runners
    Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health) ; 2019
    In:  Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research Vol. 33, No. 5 ( 2019-05), p. 1216-1221
    Details
    In: Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), Vol. 33, No. 5 ( 2019-05), p. 1216-1221
    Abstract: Pallarés, JG, Cerezuela-Espejo, V, Morán-Navarro, R, Martínez-Cava, A, Conesa, E, and Courel-Ibáñez, J. A new short track test to estimate the VO2max and maximal aerobic speed in well-trained runners. J Strength Cond Res 33(5): 1216–1221, 2019—This study was designed to validate a new short track test (Track (1:1) ) to estimate running performance parameters maximal oxygen uptake (VO 2 max) and maximal aerobic speed (MAS), based on a laboratory treadmill protocol and gas exchange data analysis (Lab (1:1) ). In addition, we compared the results with the University of Montreal Track Test (UMTT). Twenty-two well-trained male athletes (VO 2 max 60.3 ± 5.9 ml·kg −1 ·min −1 ; MAS ranged from 17.0 to 20.3 km·h −1 ) performed 4 testing protocols: 2 in laboratory (Lab (1:1)-pre and Lab (1:1) ) and 2 in the field (UMTT and Track (1:1) ). The Lab (1:1)-pre was designed to determine individuals' Vpeak and set initial speeds for the subsequent Lab (1:1) short ramp graded exercise testing protocol, starting at 13 km·h −1 less than each athlete's Vpeak, with 1 km·h −1 increments per minute until exhaustion. The Track (1:1) was a reproduction of the Lab (1:1) protocol in the field. A novel equation was yielded to estimate the VO 2 max from the Vpeak achieved in the Track (1:1) . Results revealed that the UMTT significantly underestimated the Vpeak (−4.2%; bias = −0.8 km·h −1 ; p 〈 0.05), which notably altered the estimations (MAS: −2.6%, bias = −0.5 km·h −1 ; VO 2 max: 4.7%, bias = 2.9 ml·kg −1 ·min −1 ). In turn, data from Track (1:1) were very similar to the laboratory test and gas exchange methods (Vpeak: −0.6%, bias = 〈 0.1 km·h −1 ; MAS: 0.3%, bias = 〈 0.1 km·h −1 ; VO 2 max: 0.4%, bias = 0.2 ml·kg −1 ·min −1 , p 〉 0.05). Thus, the current Track (1:1) test emerges as a better alternative than the UMTT to estimate maximal running performance parameters in well-trained and highly trained athletes on the field.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1064-8011
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000003121
    Language: English
    Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2142889-X
    SSG: 31
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Is the Functional Threshold Power a Valid Metric to Estimate the Maximal Lactate Steady State in Cyclists?
    Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health) ; 2022
    In:  Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research Vol. 36, No. 1 ( 2022-01), p. 167-173
    Details
    In: Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), Vol. 36, No. 1 ( 2022-01), p. 167-173
    Abstract: Lillo-Beviá, JR, Courel-Ibáñez, J, Cerezuela-Espejo, V, Morán-Navarro, R, Martínez-Cava, A, and Pallarés, JG. Is the functional threshold power a valid metric to estimate the maximal lactate steady state in cyclists? J Strength Cond Res 36(1): 167–173, 2022—The aims of this study were to determine (a) the repeatability of a 20-minute time-trial (TT20), (b) the location of the TT20 in relation to the main physiological events of the aerobic-anaerobic transition, and (c) the predictive power of a list of correction factors and linear/multiple regression analysis applied to the TT20 result to estimate the individual maximal lactate steady state (MLSS). Under laboratory conditions, 11 trained male cyclists and triathletes (V̇ o 2 max 59.7 ± 3.0 ml·kg −1 ·min −1 ) completed a maximal graded exercise test to record the power output associated with the first and second ventilatory thresholds and V̇ o 2 max measured by indirect calorimetry, several 30 minutes constant tests to determine the MLSS, and 2 TT20 tests with a short warm-up. Very high repeatability of TT20 tests was confirmed (standard error of measurement of ±3 W and smallest detectable change of ±9 W). Validity results revealed that MLSS differed substantially from TT20 (bias = 26 ± 7 W). The maximal lactate steady state was then estimated from the traditional 95% factor (bias = 12 ± 7 W) and a novel individual correction factor (ICF% = MLSS/TT20), resulting in 91% (bias = 1 ± 6 W). Complementary linear (MLSS = 0.7488 × TT20 + 43.24; bias = 0 ± 5 W) and multiple regression analysis (bias = 0 ± 4 W) substantially improved the individual MLSS workload estimation. These findings suggest reconsidering the TT20 procedures and calculations to increase the effectiveness of the MLSS prediction.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1064-8011
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000003403
    Language: English
    Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2142889-X
    SSG: 31
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Bench Press at Full Range of Motion Produces Greater Neuromuscular Adaptations Than Partial Executions After Prolonged Resistance Training
    Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health) ; 2022
    In:  Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research Vol. 36, No. 1 ( 2022-01), p. 10-15
    Details
    In: Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), Vol. 36, No. 1 ( 2022-01), p. 10-15
    Abstract: Martínez-Cava, A, Hernández-Belmonte, A, Courel-Ibáñez, J, Morán-Navarro, R, González-Badillo, JJ, and Pallarés, JG. Bench press at full range of motion produces greater neuromuscular adaptations than partial executions after prolonged resistance training. J Strength Cond Res 36(1): 10–15, 2022—Training at a particular range of motion (ROM) produces specific neuromuscular adaptations. However, the effects of full and partial ROM in one of the most common upper-limb exercises such as the bench press (BP) remain controversial. In this study, 50 recreationally to highly resistance trained men were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 training groups: full bench press (BP FULL ), two-thirds bench press (BP 2/3 ), and one-third bench press (BP 1/3 ) and control (training cessation). Experimental groups completed a 10-week velocity-based resistance training program using the same relative load (linear periodization, 60–80% 1 repetition maximum [1RM]), only differing in the ROM trained. Individual ROM for each BP variation was determined in the familiarization and subsequently replicated in every lift during training and testing sessions. Neuromuscular adaptations were evaluated by 1RM strength and mean propulsive velocity (MPV). The BP FULL group obtained the best results for the 3 BP variations (effect size [ES] = 0.52–1.96); in turn, partial BP produced smaller improvements as the ROM decreased (BP 2/3 : ES = 0.29–0.78; BP 1/3 : ES = −0.01 to 0.66). After 10-week of training cessation, the control group declined in all neuromuscular parameters (ES = 0.86–0.92) except in MPV against low loads. Based on these findings, the BP FULL stands as the most effective exercise to maximize neuromuscular improvements in recreational and well-trained athletes compared with partial ROM variations.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1064-8011
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000003391
    Language: English
    Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2142889-X
    SSG: 31
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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