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  • Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)  (41)
  • 1
    In: Journal of the American Heart Association, Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), Vol. 8, No. 13 ( 2019-07-02)
    Abstract: The uptake of proven stroke treatments varies widely. We aimed to determine the association of evidence‐based processes of care for acute ischemic stroke ( AIS ) and clinical outcome of patients who participated in the HEADPOST (Head Positioning in Acute Stroke Trial), a multicenter cluster crossover trial of lying flat versus sitting up, head positioning in acute stroke. Methods and Results Use of 8 AIS processes of care were considered: reperfusion therapy in eligible patients; acute stroke unit care; antihypertensive, antiplatelet, statin, and anticoagulation for atrial fibrillation; dysphagia assessment; and physiotherapist review. Hierarchical, mixed, logistic regression models were performed to determine associations with good outcome (modified Rankin Scale scores 0–2) at 90 days, adjusted for patient and hospital variables. Among 9485 patients with AIS, implementation of all processes of care in eligible patients, or “defect‐free” care, was associated with improved outcome (odds ratio, 1.40; 95% CI, 1.18–1.65) and better survival (odds ratio, 2.23; 95% CI , 1.62–3.09). Defect‐free stroke care was also significantly associated with excellent outcome (modified Rankin Scale score 0–1) (odds ratio, 1.22; 95% CI , 1.04–1.43). No hospital characteristic was independently predictive of outcome. Only 1445 (15%) of eligible patients with AIS received all processes of care, with significant regional variations in overall and individual rates. Conclusions Use of evidence‐based care is associated with improved clinical outcome in AIS . Strategies are required to address regional variation in the use of proven AIS treatments. Clinical Trial Registration URL : https://www.clinicaltrials.gov . Unique Identifier: NCT 02162017.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2047-9980
    Language: English
    Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2653953-6
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  • 2
    In: Neurology, Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), Vol. 84, No. 5 ( 2015-02-03), p. 464-471
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0028-3878 , 1526-632X
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
    Publication Date: 2015
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  • 3
    In: Stroke, Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), Vol. 54, No. Suppl_1 ( 2023-02)
    Abstract: Introduction: As acute stroke therapies expand to less well-resourced regions, it is imperative to study real-world data to assess outcomes and the quality of stroke care. The present study analyzes clinical, and imaging outcomes after acute IV thrombolysis (IV-tPA) compared to mechanical thrombectomy (MT) or combined therapy in the LASE. Methods: A retrospective analysis of consecutive acute ischemic stroke cases in 17 centers from 9 Latin American (LA) countries since 2012 was performed using weighted Euclidean matching of nearest neighbors in 3-D space of baseline NIHSS, age, and glucose. Results: 950 patients receiving only IV-tPA were matched to 127 treated with MT+IV-tPA. Matching resulted in 97 pairs well balanced for age (69.1 vs. 69.3), baseline NIHSS (17 vs. 17), and glucose (124.3 vs. 124.5), all p 〉 0.2. 3-month mRS 0-1 (38.3% vs 29.8%, p=0.23) and mRS 0-2 (46.8% vs 41.5%, p=0.54) were non-significantly higher in the MT+IV-tPA group, with higher hemorrhage (26.6% vs 15.5%, p=0.05) and trends for higher death (15.1% vs 9.5%, p=0.40) and symptomatic hemorrhage (7.4% vs 6.2%, p=1.0). One hundred one patients receiving only MT were matched to 127 patients with MT+IV-tPA, resulting in 61 pairs; MT+IV-tPA showed trends for higher rates of 3-month mRS 0-1 (45.0% vs 35.6%, p=0.31), mRS 0-2 (48.3% vs 42.4%, p=0.54); with trends for lower rates of death (16.9% vs 20.0%, p=1.0) and symptomatic hemorrhage (8.3% vs 11.1%, p=0.75). Conclusions: In this real-world LA sample, trends for better functional outcomes were demonstrated with MT+IV-tPA compared to either treatment alone, as in non-LA populations. A trend for higher adverse events in the combined group requires further investigation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0039-2499 , 1524-4628
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1467823-8
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  • 4
    In: Neurology, Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), Vol. 96, No. 23 ( 2021-06-08), p. e2824-e2838
    Abstract: To measure the global impact of COVID-19 pandemic on volumes of IV thrombolysis (IVT), IVT transfers, and stroke hospitalizations over 4 months at the height of the pandemic (March 1 to June 30, 2020) compared with 2 control 4-month periods. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional, observational, retrospective study across 6 continents, 70 countries, and 457 stroke centers. Diagnoses were identified by their ICD-10 codes or classifications in stroke databases. Results There were 91,373 stroke admissions in the 4 months immediately before compared to 80,894 admissions during the pandemic months, representing an 11.5% (95% confidence interval [CI] −11.7 to −11.3, p 〈 0.0001) decline. There were 13,334 IVT therapies in the 4 months preceding compared to 11,570 procedures during the pandemic, representing a 13.2% (95% CI −13.8 to −12.7, p 〈 0.0001) drop. Interfacility IVT transfers decreased from 1,337 to 1,178, or an 11.9% decrease (95% CI −13.7 to −10.3, p = 0.001). Recovery of stroke hospitalization volume (9.5%, 95% CI 9.2–9.8, p 〈 0.0001) was noted over the 2 later (May, June) vs the 2 earlier (March, April) pandemic months. There was a 1.48% stroke rate across 119,967 COVID-19 hospitalizations. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection was noted in 3.3% (1,722/52,026) of all stroke admissions. Conclusions The COVID-19 pandemic was associated with a global decline in the volume of stroke hospitalizations, IVT, and interfacility IVT transfers. Primary stroke centers and centers with higher COVID-19 inpatient volumes experienced steeper declines. Recovery of stroke hospitalization was noted in the later pandemic months.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0028-3878 , 1526-632X
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
    Publication Date: 2021
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  • 5
    In: Stroke, Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), Vol. 52, No. Suppl_1 ( 2021-03)
    Abstract: Background: COVID-19 pandemic has forced important changes in health care worldwide. Stroke care networks have been affected, especially acute admissions and ancillary tests availability. We assessed the impact of the pandemic and the lockdowns imposed in stroke admissions in Latin America. Methods: A multinational study (7 countries, 18 centers) of patients admitted since the pandemic outbreak (January - June 2020). These cases were compared with the same period in 2019. We also assessed patterns during the strictest lockdown period (March-June 2020). Number of cases, stroke etiology and severity, acute care and functional outcomes were compared per periods, months, centers and countries. Results: There were 1863 stroke cases in 2019 and 1781 cases in 2020 (p=0.02). We found a significant increase in strokes of undetermined etiology due to incomplete studies in 2020 [16.8% vs 27.6%, p 〈 0.001]). Most countries reported decreases in all-type stroke admissions, except México and Brasil (16% and 36% increases in admissions, respectively). There were no significant differences among months. All-type mortality increased (6.2% vs. 12.6%, p 〈 0.001), and poor functional outcome (mRs 3-6) increased from 32.2% to 38.8% (p=0.007) in 2020. During the period of strict lockdown (March-June 2020), ischemic stroke admissions during the first 24 hours of onset (68.3% vs. 64.4%, p=0.1) and in-hospital stroke code activation (35.1% vs. 27.6%, p=0.005) diminished compared to 2019 period. No differences in total reperfusion treatment rates were observed, with similar door-to-needle and door-to-groin times in both periods. Conclusions: All-type stroke admissions diminished only slightly during the first months of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, in this region, we found substantial deficiencies in stroke work-up, poor short-term outcome and increased mortality.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0039-2499 , 1524-4628
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1467823-8
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  • 6
    In: Stroke, Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), Vol. 52, No. Suppl_1 ( 2021-03)
    Abstract: Background: Ischemic stroke has been reported to occur in approximately 5% of COVID-19 patients, although some reports are contradictory. Proposed mechanisms of this association are hypercoagulable state, vasculitis and cardiomyopathy, together with traditional vascular risk factors. We analyzed the frequency and clinical characteristics of COVID-19 positive stroke cases during the first months of the pandemic in Latin America. Methods: A multinational study (7 countries, 18 centers) of patients admitted during the pandemic outbreak (March - June 2020). We assessed acute stroke cases associated to COVID-19 infection. Clinical characteristics, stroke etiology and severity, acute care and functional outcomes, were compared between non-COVID-19 and COVID-19 cases. Results: There were a total of 1037 stroke cases; sixty-two of them (6.0%) were diagnosed with COVID-19 infection. This group consisted of 38 men [61.3%], with a median age of 68 years [IQR 59-79 years] . From these cases, 80.6% were ischemic stroke, 16.1% hemorrhagic stroke, and 1.6% transient ischemic attack and cerebral venous thrombosis respectively. The most common etiology reported for ischemic cases was atherosclerotic large vessel occlusion (30.6% vs. 12.7% in non-COVID cases, p 〈 0.001), and undetermined etiology for hemorrhagic stroke (55.6%). Median NIHSS for COVID-stroke patients was higher (7 IQR 2-16 vs. 5 IQR 2-11, p=0.05). Five (8.1%) patients received acute reperfusion therapy, with no differences in door-to-CT, door-to-needle and door-to-groin times, compared to non-COVID cases. Most characteristics did not differ from those of COVID-19 negative patients. Mortality was higher in COVID-stroke cases (20.9% vs. 9.6%, p 〈 0.001). Conclusions: COVID-19 infection frequency in stroke patients in Latin America is similar to that reported in several series worldwide, with a higher frequency of atherosclerotic ischemic strokes and mortality compared to non COVID-19 strokes
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0039-2499 , 1524-4628
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1467823-8
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  • 7
    In: Medicine, Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), Vol. 100, No. 24 ( 2021-06-18), p. e26425-
    Abstract: A poor or unhealthy diet is responsible for an important fraction of ischemic stroke risk. Adherence to dietary patterns, such as the Mediterranean diet, rich in monounsaturated fatty acids mainly from olive oil, is associated with a lower stroke risk. Furthermore, lowering low-density cholesterol (LDL-C) levels decreases stroke recurrence. Interestingly, Avocado-substituted diets, which are also rich in monounsaturated fatty acids, significantly decrease LDL cholesterol levels. This study aims to evaluate whether a Mediterranean diet based on Avocados reduces LDL-C compared to a low-fat high-complex carbohydrate diet after 3 months of the intervention in patients who had a recent acute ischemic stroke. The trial will also assess safety and feasibility. Patients and methods: Prospective, randomized open-label, blinded outcome assessment clinical trial. Participants are patients within a month of being admitted with an ischemic stroke, who consent and fulfil the eligibility criteria. Patients are randomly assigned to either diet intervention in a 1:1 ratio on top of the usual secondary prevention treatment. The intervention diet is: The main efficacy outcome is a reduction in plasma LDL-C levels at 3 months of the dietary intervention. Secondary outcomes include changes in the levels of serum lipid profile and serum inflammation markers, safety, and feasibility. A sample size of 200 patients was estimated to provide 80% power and 5% level of significance (10% loss and 5% crossover) to detect a minimum difference of 4.6 mg/dL in LDL-C after 3 months of intervention. Conclusion: We hypothesize that an Avocado-based Mediterranean diet will further reduce the levels of LDL-cholesterol at 3 months compared to the control diet, and that the intervention is safe and feasible. Registration: The study is registered under ADDSPISE at www.clinicaltrials.gov. Identifier NCT03524742. Protocol ID CAS-605 version 3.0 (May 2nd, 2019).
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0025-7974 , 1536-5964
    Language: English
    Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2049818-4
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  • 8
    In: Stroke, Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), Vol. 54, No. Suppl_1 ( 2023-02)
    Abstract: Introduction: Except for RESILIENT, there is a paucity of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) for stroke from Latin America (LA), home to growing stroke burden. Comparison between stroke population typically suffers from baseline factor imbalances. Here, we developed outcome models from RCTs to compare Latin American Stroke Registry (LASE) with similar baselines. Methods: LASE is a registry of patients receiving tPA and thrombectomy from 17 centers in 9 countries. A systematic review identified RCTs that provided median NIHSS, mean age, percentage of patients receiving tPA, time-to-randomization, 90d mRS0-2, and mortality. Akaike Information Criterion (AIC), an information theory construct, was used to select the best model amongst 15 combinations of 4 variables. 90d outcomes of LASE and RESILIENT were compared at the baseline values against the selected model. Results: 34 RCTs with ~8300 subjects were identified. Models based on NIHSS and the percentage of tPA were considered the most optimum in terms of AIC. In the 3D models (Fig1), the middle surface defines the function and the bounding surfaces the ±90% intervals. The LASE registry has 950 patients that received tPA alone, 127 that received tPA & mechanical thrombectomy (MT), and 101 that received MT alone. LASE & RESILIENT outcomes were plotted onto the models at their baseline values. LASE tPA alone group was on the middle surface for mRS 0-2 (Fig1-A), indicating that outcomes were in line with the RCT-informed model. MT alone (0% tPA) and MT + tPA (100%), and the RESILIENT MT arm (68.5% tPA) were above the +90% surface, indicating superior efficacy compared to no-MT. The RESILIENT control arm (71.8% tPA) had 〉 expected mortality, suggesting harm, while mortality of all other arms was within the ±90% intervals (Fig1-B). Conclusion: Functional outcomes and mortality of patients from the LASE that received MT and MT+tPA compared favorably to a 90-day functional and mortality predictive model.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0039-2499 , 1524-4628
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1467823-8
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  • 9
    In: Circulation, Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), Vol. 147, No. 16 ( 2023-04-18), p. 1208-1220
    Abstract: Despite the well-established potent benefit of mechanical thrombectomy (MT) for large vessel occlusion (LVO) stroke, access to MT has not been studied globally. We conducted a worldwide survey of countries on 6 continents to define MT access (MTA), the disparities in MTA, and its determinants on a global scale. Methods: Our survey was conducted in 75 countries through the Mission Thrombectomy 2020+ global network between November 22, 2020, and February 28, 2021. The primary end points were the current annual MTA, MT operator availability, and MT center availability. MTA was defined as the estimated proportion of patients with LVO receiving MT in a given region annually. The availability metrics were defined as ([current MT operators×50/current annual number of estimated thrombectomy-eligible LVOs]×100 = MT operator availability) and ([current MT centers×150/current annual number of estimated thrombectomy-eligible LVOs] ×100= MT center availability). The metrics used optimal MT volume per operator as 50 and an optimal MT volume per center as 150. Multivariable-adjusted generalized linear models were used to evaluate factors associated with MTA. Results: We received 887 responses from 67 countries. The median global MTA was 2.79% (interquartile range, 0.70–11.74). MTA was 〈 1.0% for 18 (27%) countries and 0 for 7 (10%) countries. There was a 460-fold disparity between the highest and lowest nonzero MTA regions and low-income countries had 88% lower MTA compared with high-income countries. The global MT operator availability was 16.5% of optimal and the MT center availability was 20.8% of optimal. On multivariable regression, country income level (low or lower–middle versus high: odds ratio, 0.08 [95% CI, 0.04–0.12]), MT operator availability (odds ratio, 3.35 [95% CI, 2.07–5.42] ), MT center availability (odds ratio, 2.86 [95% CI, 1.84–4.48]), and presence of prehospital acute stroke bypass protocol (odds ratio, 4.00 [95% CI, 1.70–9.42] ) were significantly associated with increased odds of MTA. Conclusions: Access to MT on a global level is extremely low, with enormous disparities between countries by income level. The significant determinants of MT access are the country’s per capita gross national income, prehospital LVO triage policy, and MT operator and center availability.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0009-7322 , 1524-4539
    Language: English
    Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1466401-X
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  • 10
    In: Stroke, Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), Vol. 53, No. 3 ( 2022-03), p. 779-787
    Abstract: In thrombolysis-eligible patients with acute ischemic stroke, there is uncertainty over the most appropriate systolic blood pressure (SBP) lowering profile that provides an optimal balance of potential benefit (functional recovery) and harm (intracranial hemorrhage). We aimed to determine relationships of SBP parameters and outcomes in thrombolyzed acute ischemic stroke patients. Methods: Post hoc analyzes of the ENCHANTED (Enhanced Control of Hypertension and Thrombolysis Stroke Study), a partial-factorial trial of thrombolysis-eligible and treated acute ischemic stroke patients with high SBP (150–180 mm Hg) assigned to low-dose (0.6 mg/kg) or standard-dose (0.9 mg/kg) alteplase and intensive (target SBP, 130–140 mm Hg) or guideline-recommended (target SBP 〈 180 mm Hg) treatment. All patients were followed up for functional status and serious adverse events to 90 days. Logistic regression models were used to analyze 3 SBP summary measures postrandomization: attained (mean), variability (SD) in 1–24 hours, and magnitude of reduction in 1 hour. The primary outcome was a favorable shift on the modified Rankin Scale. The key safety outcome was any intracranial hemorrhage. Results: Among 4511 included participants (mean age 67 years, 38% female, 65% Asian) lower attained SBP and smaller SBP variability were associated with favorable shift on the modified Rankin Scale (per 10 mm Hg increase: odds ratio, 0.76 [95% CI, 0.71–0.82]; P 〈 0.001 and 0.86 [95% CI, 0.76–0.98]; P =0.025) respectively, but not for magnitude of SBP reduction (0.98, [0.93–1.04]; P =0.564). Odds of intracranial hemorrhage was associated with higher attained SBP and greater SBP variability (1.18 [1.06–1.31]; P =0.002 and 1.34 [1.11–1.62]; P =0.002) but not with magnitude of SBP reduction (1.05 [0.98–1.14]; P =0.184). Conclusions: Attaining early and consistent low levels in SBP 〈 140 mm Hg, even as low as 110 to 120 mm Hg, over 24 hours is associated with better outcomes in thrombolyzed acute ischemic stroke patients. Registration: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov ; Unique identifier: NCT01422616.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0039-2499 , 1524-4628
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1467823-8
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