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  • Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)  (89)
  • 1
    In: Circulation, Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), Vol. 140, No. 5 ( 2019-07-30), p. 420-433
    Abstract: Outcomes of chronic total occlusion (CTO) percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) have improved because of advancements in equipment and techniques. With global collaboration and knowledge sharing, we have identified 7 common principles that are widely accepted as best practices for CTO-PCI.  1. Ischemic symptom improvement is the primary indication for CTO-PCI.  2. Dual coronary angiography and in-depth and structured review of the angiogram (and, if available, coronary computed tomography angiography) are key for planning and safely performing CTO-PCI.  3. Use of a microcatheter is essential for optimal guidewire manipulation and exchanges.  4. Antegrade wiring, antegrade dissection and reentry, and the retrograde approach are all complementary and necessary crossing strategies. Antegrade wiring is the most common initial technique, whereas retrograde and antegrade dissection and reentry are often required for more complex CTOs.  5. If the initially selected crossing strategy fails, efficient change to an alternative crossing technique increases the likelihood of eventual PCI success, shortens procedure time, and lowers radiation and contrast use.  6. Specific CTO-PCI expertise and volume and the availability of specialized equipment will increase the likelihood of crossing success and facilitate prevention and management of complications, such as perforation.  7. Meticulous attention to lesion preparation and stenting technique, often requiring intracoronary imaging, is required to ensure optimum stent expansion and minimize the risk of short- and long-term adverse events. These principles have been widely adopted by experienced CTO-PCI operators and centers currently achieving high success and acceptable complication rates. Outcomes are less optimal at less experienced centers, highlighting the need for broader adoption of the aforementioned 7 guiding principles along with the development of additional simple and safe CTO crossing and revascularization strategies through ongoing research, education, and training.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0009-7322 , 1524-4539
    Language: English
    Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1466401-X
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  • 2
    In: Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology, Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), Vol. 36, No. suppl_1 ( 2016-05)
    Abstract: Background: Atheroma inflammation impairs plaque stability and promotes plaque progression and complications. However, it is unknown how measures of plaque biology relate to changes in plaque burden, and whether plaque biology can independently predict plaque progression in coronary-sized arteries. This study evaluated the ability of intravascular near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) biological imaging to inform experimental atheroma progression in vivo. Methods: Atherosclerosis was induced by balloon-injury in the aorta of 14 cholesterol-fed rabbits. Serial intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) and dual-modality intravascular NIRF - optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging was performed following injection of a NIRF molecular imaging agent of plaque inflammatory protease activity (ProSense VM110; n=7), or impaired plaque endothelial permeability (indocyanine green (ICG); n=7). Plaque progression was further assessed by IVUS change in plaque burden. Regression analysis was used to evaluate the association of NIRF with plaque progression. In vivo imaging results were corroborated by ex vivo fluorescence reflectance imaging, fluorescence microscopy, and histopathology. Results: Quantitative analysis of 1,811 axial images spanning individual plaques, the change in NIRF plaque biological signals from 8 to 12 weeks strongly correlated with IVUS plaque burden from 8 to 12 weeks (ProSense VM110: r=0.774; ICG: r=0.572; p 〈 0.0001). This finding remained significant on multivariate analysis adjusted for IVUS plaque burden, lumen area, and remodeling index (p 〈 0.001). In additional multivariate analyses, the baseline NIRF signal at 8 weeks further predicted the magnitude of plaque progression even after adjustment for baseline plaque burden (p 〈 0.001 for Prosense VM110; p=0.004 for ICG). Histology demonstrated NIRF agent uptake in inflamed, lipid-rich plaques. Conclusion: Plaque pathobiology and plaque burden progress in concert as assessed by translatable intravascular NIRF imaging technology. The baseline NIRF inflammation and impaired plaque permeability signals independently predict plaque progression. Integrated biological-microstructural imaging may enhance the ability to detect high-risk plaques at risk of progression.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1079-5642 , 1524-4636
    Language: English
    Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1494427-3
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  • 3
    In: Circulation: Cardiovascular Interventions, Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), Vol. 12, No. 3 ( 2019-03)
    Abstract: We examined the procedural outcomes of chronic total occlusions (CTO) percutaneous coronary interventions in patients with prior coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG). Methods and Results: We compared the clinical, angiographic characteristics and outcomes of 3486 CTO interventions performed in patients with (n=1101) and without (n=2317) prior CABG at 21 centers. Prior CABG patients (32% of total cohort) were older (67±9 versus 63±10 years; P 〈 0.001) and had more comorbidities and lower left ventricular ejection fraction (50% [40–58] versus 55% [45–60] ; P 〈 0.001). The CTO target vessel in prior CABG patients was the right coronary artery (56%), circumflex (26%), and left anterior descending artery (17%). The mean J-CTO (2.9±1.2 versus 2.2±1.3; P 〈 0.001) and PROGRESS-CTO (Prospective Global Registry for the Study of Chronic Total Occlusion Intervention; 1.5±1.1 versus 1.2±1.0; P 〈 0.001) score was higher in prior CABG patients. Retrograde (53% versus 30%, P 〈 0.001) and antegrade dissection reentry (35% versus 28%; P 〈 0.001) techniques were used more frequently in prior CABG patients. Prior CABG patients had lower technical (84% versus 89%; P 〈 0.001) and procedural (82% versus 87%, P 〈 0.001) success, but similar incidence of in-hospital major complications (3.1% versus 2.5%; P =0.287). In-hospital mortality (1% versus 0.4%; P =0.016) and coronary perforation (7.1% versus 3.1%; P 〈 0.001) occurred more frequently in prior CABG patients, however, CABG patients had a lower incidence of pericardial tamponade (0.1% versus 1.0%; P =0.002) and pericardiocentesis (0% versus 1.3%; P 〈 0.001). Conclusions: In a large multicenter CTO percutaneous coronary interventions registry, prior CABG patients had lower success rate but similar overall risk for complications, although mortality was higher and the incidence of tamponade was lower. Clinical Trial Registration: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov . Unique identifier: NCT02061436.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1941-7640 , 1941-7632
    Language: English
    Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2450801-9
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  • 4
    In: Journal of the American Heart Association, Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), Vol. 5, No. 10 ( 2016-10-03)
    Abstract: High success rates are achievable for chronic total occlusion ( CTO ) percutaneous coronary intervention ( PCI ) using the hybrid approach, but periprocedural complications remain of concern. Although scores estimating success and efficiency in CTO PCI have been developed, there is currently no available score for estimation of the risk for periprocedural complications. We sought to develop a scoring tool for prediction of periprocedural complications during CTO PCI . Methods and Results We analyzed data from 1569 CTO PCI s in the Prospective Global Registry for the Study of Chronic Total Occlusion Intervention ( PROGRESS CTO ) using a derivation and validation sampling ratio of 2:1. Variables independently associated with periprocedural complications in multivariable analysis in the derivation set were assigned points based on their respective odds ratios. Forty‐four (2.8%) patients experienced complications. Three factors were independent predictors of complications and were included in the score: patient age 〉 65 years, +3 points (odds ratio, OR =4.85, CI 1.82‐16.77); lesion length ≥23 mm, +2 points ( OR =3.22, CI 1.08‐13.89); and use of the retrograde approach +1 point ( OR =2.41, CI 1.04‐6.05). The resulting score showed good calibration and discriminatory capacity in the derivation (Hosmer‐Lemeshow χ 2 6.271, P =0.281, receiver‐operating characteristic [ ROC ] area=0.758) and validation (Hosmer‐Lemeshow χ 2 4.551, P =0.473, ROC area=0.793) sets. Score values of 0 to 2, 3 to 4, and ≥5 were defined as low, intermediate, and high risk of complications (derivation cohort 0.4%, 1.8%, 6.5%, P 〈 0.001; validation cohort 0.0%, 2.5%, 6.8%, P 〈 0.001). Conclusions The PROGRESS CTO complication score is a useful tool for prediction of periprocedural complications in CTO PCI . Clinical Trial Registration URL : http://www.clinicaltrials.gov . Unique identifier: NCT 02061436.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2047-9980
    Language: English
    Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2653953-6
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  • 5
    In: Circulation: Cardiovascular Interventions, Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), Vol. 9, No. 6 ( 2016-06)
    Abstract: We sought to examine the efficacy and safety of chronic total occlusion percutaneous coronary intervention using the retrograde approach. Methods and Results— We compared the outcomes of the retrograde versus antegrade-only approach to chronic total occlusion percutaneous coronary intervention among 1301 procedures performed at 11 experienced US centers between 2012 and 2015. The mean age was 65.5±10 years, and 84% of the patients were men with a high prevalence of diabetes mellitus (45%) and previous coronary artery bypass graft surgery (34%). Overall technical and procedural success rates were 90% and 89%, respectively, and in-hospital major adverse cardiovascular events occurred in 31 patients (2.4%). The retrograde approach was used in 539 cases (41%), either as the initial strategy (46%) or after a failed antegrade attempt (54%). When compared with antegrade-only cases, retrograde cases were significantly more complex, both clinically (previous coronary artery bypass graft surgery prevalence, 48% versus 24%; P 〈 0.001) and angiographically (mean Japan-chronic total occlusion score, 3.1±1.0 versus 2.1±1.2; P 〈 0.001) and had lower technical success (85% versus 94%; P 〈 0.001) and higher major adverse cardiovascular events (4.3% versus 1.1%; P 〈 0.001) rates. On multivariable analysis, the presence of suitable collaterals, no smoking, no previous coronary artery bypass graft surgery, and left anterior descending artery target vessel were independently associated with technical success using the retrograde approach. Conclusions— The retrograde approach is commonly used in contemporary chronic total occlusion percutaneous coronary intervention, especially among more challenging lesions and patients. Although associated with lower success and higher major adverse cardiovascular event rates in comparison to antegrade-only crossing, retrograde percutaneous coronary intervention remains critical for achieving overall high success rates.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1941-7640 , 1941-7632
    Language: English
    Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2450801-9
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  • 6
    In: Circulation: Cardiovascular Interventions, Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), Vol. 12, No. 8 ( 2019-08)
    Abstract: Advances in chronic total occlusion percutaneous coronary intervention (CTO PCI) techniques have led to increased procedural success rates among operators. While utilization of CTO PCI has disseminated widely, the learning curve for new operators has not been well-defined. Methods: Between July 2009 and December 2015, 93 875 CTO PCI cases were extracted from the CathPCI Registry. We delineated a cohort of new CTO operators performing 〈 10 CTO PCI cases per given year. In-hospital outcomes for subsequent CTO PCIs were stratified by the number of prior cases accrued by each operator. Multivariable regression models were used to estimate differences in outcomes with increasing experience. The primary outcome was major adverse cardiovascular events defined as the composite of death, myocardial infarction, stroke, tamponade, or urgent coronary artery bypass grafting. Results: Among 70 916 cases performed by 7251 new operators, procedure success rate was 61.4% and major adverse cardiovascular event rate was 4.2%. Meanwhile, the rate of major bleeding was 4.0%, myocardial infarction 2.0%, mortality 0.6%, tamponade 0.3%, and renal failure 0.2%. Adjusted regression models demonstrated piecewise linear improvements in guidewire crossing, stent placement, and procedure success with accrued volume, albeit with increased contrast use, fluoroscopy time, and bleeding. Major adverse cardiovascular event rates were stable beyond the 12th case (odds ratio per 5 case increase 1.00; 95% CI, 0.98–1.03, P =0.7980). Conclusions: Among a large number of new CTO PCI operators in the United States, there exists an experiential learning curve for procedural success. However, there were higher rates of bleeding despite case experience, while major adverse cardiovascular events remained relatively unchanged after initiation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1941-7640 , 1941-7632
    Language: English
    Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2450801-9
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  • 7
    In: Journal of the American Heart Association, Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), Vol. 5, No. 8 ( 2016-08-08)
    Abstract: Intravascular imaging can facilitate chronic total occlusion ( CTO ) percutaneous coronary intervention. Methods and Results We examined the frequency of use and outcomes of intravascular imaging among 619 CTO percutaneous coronary interventions performed between 2012 and 2015 at 7 US centers. Mean age was 65.4±10 years and 85% of the patients were men. Intravascular imaging was used in 38%: intravascular ultrasound in 36%, optical coherence tomography in 3%, and both in 1.45%. Intravascular imaging was used for stent sizing (26.3%), stent optimization (38.0%), and CTO crossing (35.7%, antegrade in 27.9%, and retrograde in 7.8%). Intravascular imaging to facilitate crossing was used more frequently in lesions with proximal cap ambiguity (49% versus 26%, P 〈 0.0001) and with retrograde as compared with antegrade‐only cases (67% versus 31%, P 〈 0.0001). Despite higher complexity (Japanese CTO score: 2.86±1.19 versus 2.43±1.19, P =0.001), cases in which imaging was used for crossing had similar technical and procedural success (92.8% versus 89.6%, P =0.302 and 90.1% versus 88.3%, P =0.588, respectively) and similar incidence of major cardiac adverse events (2.7% versus 3.2%, P =0.772). Use of intravascular imaging was associated with longer procedure (192 minutes [interquartile range 130, 255] versus 131 minutes [90, 192] , P 〈 0.0001) and fluoroscopy (71 minutes [44, 93] versus 39 minutes [25, 69] , P 〈 0.0001) time. Conclusions Intravascular imaging is frequently performed during CTO percutaneous coronary intervention both for crossing and for stent selection/optimization. Despite its use in more complex lesion subsets, intravascular imaging was associated with similar rates of technical and procedural success for CTO percutaneous coronary intervention. Clinical Trial Registration URL : http://www.clinicaltrials.gov . Unique identifier: NCT 02061436.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2047-9980
    Language: English
    Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2653953-6
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  • 8
    In: Journal of the American Heart Association, Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), Vol. 10, No. 20 ( 2021-10-19)
    Abstract: New pharmacological approaches are needed to prevent stent restenosis. This study tested the hypothesis that pemafibrate, a novel clinical selective PPARα (peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor α) agonist, suppresses coronary stent‐induced arterial inflammation and neointimal hyperplasia. METHODS AND RESULTS Yorkshire pigs randomly received either oral pemafibrate (30 mg/day; n=6) or control vehicle (n=7) for 7 days, followed by coronary arterial implantation of 3.5 × 12 mm bare metal stents (2–4 per animal; 44 stents total). On day 7, intracoronary molecular‐structural near‐infrared fluorescence and optical coherence tomography imaging was performed to assess the arterial inflammatory response, demonstrating that pemafibrate reduced stent‐induced inflammatory protease activity (near‐infrared fluorescence target‐to‐background ratio: pemafibrate, median [25th‐75th percentile]: 2.8 [2.5–3.3] versus control, 4.1 [3.3–4.3], P =0.02). At day 28, animals underwent repeat near‐infrared fluorescence–optical coherence tomography imaging and were euthanized, and coronary stent tissue molecular and histological analyses. Day 28 optical coherence tomography imaging showed that pemafibrate significantly reduced stent neointima volume (pemafibrate, 43.1 [33.7–54.1] mm 3 versus control, 54.2 [41.2–81.1] mm 3 ; P =0.03). In addition, pemafibrate suppressed day 28 stent‐induced cellular inflammation and neointima expression of the inflammatory mediators TNF‐α (tumor necrosis factor‐α) and MMP‐9 (matrix metalloproteinase 9) and enhanced the smooth muscle differentiation markers calponin and smoothelin. In vitro assays indicated that the STAT3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3)–myocardin axes mediated the inhibitory effects of pemafibrate on smooth muscle cell proliferation. CONCLUSIONS Pemafibrate reduces preclinical coronary stent inflammation and neointimal hyperplasia following bare metal stent deployment. These results motivate further trials evaluating pemafibrate as a new strategy to prevent clinical stent restenosis.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2047-9980
    Language: English
    Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2653953-6
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  • 9
    In: Circulation: Cardiovascular Interventions, Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), Vol. 8, No. 7 ( 2015-07)
    Abstract: The performance of the Japan–chronic total occlusion (J-CTO) score in predicting success and efficiency of CTO percutaneous coronary intervention has received limited study. Methods and Results— We examined the records of 650 consecutive patients who underwent CTO percutaneous coronary intervention between 2011 and 2014 at 6 experienced centers in the United States. Six hundred and fifty-seven lesions were classified as easy (J-CTO=0), intermediate (J-CTO=1), difficult (J-CTO=2), and very difficult (J-CTO≥3). The impact of the J-CTO score on technical success and procedure time was evaluated with univariable logistic and linear regression, respectively. The performance of the logistic regression model was assessed with the Hosmer–Lemeshow statistic and receiver operator characteristic curves. Antegrade wiring techniques were used more frequently in easy lesions (97%) than very difficult lesions (58%), whereas the retrograde approach became more frequent with increased lesion difficulty (41% for very difficult lesions versus 13% for easy lesions). The logistic regression model for technical success demonstrated satisfactory calibration and discrimination ( P for Hosmer–Lemeshow =0.743 and area under curve =0.705). The J-CTO score was associated with a 2-fold increase in the odds of technical failure (odds ratio 2.04, 95% confidence interval 1.52–2.80, P 〈 0.001). Procedure time increased by ≈20 minutes for every 1-point increase of the J-CTO score (regression coefficient 22.33, 95% confidence interval 17.45–27.22, P 〈 0.001). Conclusions— J-CTO score was strongly associated with final success and efficiency in this study, supporting its expanded use in CTO interventions. Clinical Trial Registration— URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov . Unique identifier: NCT02061436.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1941-7640 , 1941-7632
    Language: English
    Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
    Publication Date: 2015
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  • 10
    In: Circulation, Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), Vol. 130, No. 9 ( 2014-08-26), p. 786-794
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0009-7322 , 1524-4539
    Language: English
    Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
    Publication Date: 2014
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1466401-X
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