Note: Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- List of Contributors -- Preface -- Chapter 1 An Introduction to the Ocean Soundscape -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Seismic Waves -- 1.2.1 Body Waves -- 1.2.2 Surface Waves -- 1.3 Noise Sources in the Oceans -- 1.3.1 Noise from Geological Origins (Geophony) -- 1.3.2 Noise from Biological Origins (Biophony) -- 1.3.3 Noise from Anthropogenic Origins (Anthrophony) -- 1.4 Tools for Recording Marine Noise -- 1.4.1 Ocean-Bottom Seismometers -- 1.4.2 Ocean-Bottom Nodes -- 1.4.3 Ocean-Bottom Observatories -- 1.4.4 Acoustic Doppler Current Profilers -- 1.4.5 Echosounders -- 1.4.6 Drifters and Floats -- 1.5 Common Data-Processing Methods -- 1.5.1 Time-Drift Correction -- 1.5.2 Data Reduction -- 1.5.3 Instrument Relocation through Travel-Time Analysis -- 1.5.4 Rotation for Geophone Reorientation -- 1.5.5 Converting from Counts to Physical Units -- 1.5.6 Removing the Mean from the Data Set -- 1.5.7 Frequency Spectrum, Spectrogram, and Power Spectral Density -- 1.5.8 Frequency Filtering -- 1.5.9 Polarization Analysis -- 1.6 Summary of Chapters -- 1.7 Future Developments of Acoustic Measurements in the Ocean -- References -- Chapter 2 Seismic Ambient Noise: Application to Taiwanese Data -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Background Ambient Seismic Noise in Taiwan -- 2.3 Ambient Seismic Noise Generated by Intense Storms -- 2.4 Deepsea Internal Waves Southeast of Offshore Taiwan -- 2.5 Gas Emissions at the Seafloor and "Bubble" SDEs in SW Offshore Taiwan -- 2.6 Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 3 Seasonal and Geographical Variations in the Quantified Relationship Between Significant Wave Heights and Microseisms: An Example From Taiwan -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Method and Data Processing -- 3.2.1 Data -- 3.2.2 Method -- 3.3 Testing and Determining Parameters -- 3.4 Results and Discussion. , 3.4.1 Seasonal Variation -- 3.4.2 Geographical Variation -- 3.4.3 Residual Distributions of the SHW Simulation -- 3.5 Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 4 Listening for Diverse Signals From Emergent and Submarine Volcanoes -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Detection and Monitoring of Submarine Volcanism -- 4.2.1 Hydroacoustic Arrays -- 4.2.2 Seismometer Arrays -- 4.2.3 Cabled Systems -- 4.2.4 Limitations in Detecting Submarine Volcanism -- 4.3 Diverse Volcano Signals Recorded Underwater -- 4.3.1 Distinguishing Signal from Noise in the Ocean -- 4.3.2 High-Frequency Volcanic Signals -- 4.3.3 Low-Frequency Volcanic Signals -- 4.3.4 Volcanic Tremor Signals -- 4.3.5 Volcanic Explosion-Type Signals -- 4.3.6 Volcanic Landslide Signals -- 4.4 Conclusions -- Availability Statement -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 5 Seismic and Acoustic Monitoring of Submarine Landslides: Ongoing Challenges, Recent Successes, and Future Opportunities -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.1.1 Recent Advances in Direct Monitoring of Submarine Landslides -- 5.1.2 Aims -- 5.2 Passive Geophysical Monitoring of Terrestrial Landslides -- 5.3 Which Aspects of Submarine Landslides Should We Be Able to Detect with Passive Systems? -- 5.4 Recent Advances and Opportunities in Passive Monitoring of Submarine Landslides -- 5.4.1 Determining the Timing and Location of Submarine Landslides at a Margin Scale Using Land-Based Seismological Networks -- 5.4.2 Quantifying Landslide Kinematics Using Hydrophones -- 5.4.3 Characterizing Landslide Run-Out to Enhance Hazard Assessments -- 5.4.4 Opportunities Using Distributed Cable-Based Sensing -- 5.5 The Application of Passive Geophysical Monitoring in Advancing Submarine Landslide Science. , 5.5.1 Can Passive Seismic and Acoustic Techniques Overcome the Logistical Challenges That Have Previously Hindered the Monitoring of Submarine Landslides? -- 5.5.2 What Aspects of Submarine Landslides Can We Assess from Passive Remote Sensing Techniques, and What Needs To Be Resolved? -- 5.5.3 Suggestions for Future Directions -- 5.6 Concluding Remarks -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 6 Iceberg Noise -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Waveforms of Iceberg Noise -- 6.2.1 Iceberg Bursts -- 6.2.2 Iceberg Tremor -- 6.2.3 Iceberg Harmonic Tremor -- 6.3 Observation and Location of Iceberg Noise -- 6.3.1 Hydroacoustic Records at Long Distances -- 6.3.2 Records of Regional Hydroacoustic Networks -- 6.3.3 Seismic Records in Antarctica -- 6.4 Spatial and Temporal Variations of Iceberg Noise -- 6.5 Source Mechanisms of Iceberg Noise -- 6.6 Discussion -- 6.7 Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 7 The Sound of Hydrothermal Vents -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Theory of Sound Production by Hydrothermal Vents -- 7.2.1 Radiation Efficiency -- 7.2.2 Monopole -- 7.2.3 Dipole -- 7.2.4 Quadrupole -- 7.2.5 Estimated Source Sound Pressure Levels -- 7.2.6 Estimated Source Spectra -- 7.3 Survey of Acoustic Measurements -- 7.3.1 Very Low Frequency (< -- 10 Hz) -- 7.3.2 Narrowband -- 7.3.3 Broadband -- 7.3.4 Tidal Variability -- 7.3.5 Summary of Acoustic Measurements -- 7.4 Other Sources of Ambient Noise -- 7.4.1 Microseisms -- 7.4.2 Local and Teleseismic Events -- 7.4.3 Biological Sources -- 7.4.4 Anthropogenic Sources -- 7.5 Measurement and Analysis Considerations -- 7.5.1 Flow Noise and Coupled Vibration -- 7.5.2 Sound Speed in Hydrothermal Fluid -- 7.5.3 Near Field vs Far Field -- 7.5.4 Hydrophone Array Measurements -- 7.6 Conclusion -- Nomenclature -- References -- Chapter 8 Atypical Signals: Characteristics and Sources of Short-Duration Events. , 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Signal Characteristics -- 8.3 Worldwide Distribution of SDEs -- 8.4 Observations and Studies Advancing SDE Understanding -- 8.4.1 Observations from Different Types of Ocean Bottom Instruments -- 8.4.2 Continuous Long-Term, Multidisciplinary Monitoring of Gas Emissions -- 8.4.3 Correlation with Acoustic Monitoring of Gas Emissions -- 8.4.4 Correlation with Earthquakes -- 8.4.5 Correlation with Tides -- 8.4.6 Controlled in situ and Laboratory Experiments -- 8.5 Discussion of SDE Potential Sources -- 8.5.1 Biological Origin -- 8.5.2 Action of Ocean/Sea Currents -- 8.5.3 Fluids in Near-Surface Sediments -- 8.5.4 Low-Magnitude Seismicity -- 8.5.5 Source Modeling -- 8.6 Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 9 Short-Duration Events Associated With Active Seabed Methane Venting: Scanner Pockmark, North Sea -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Scanner Pockmark Complex -- 9.3 CHIMNEY Seismic Experiment -- 9.4 Methods -- 9.5 Results -- 9.6 Discussion -- 9.6.1 Characteristics of SDEs -- 9.6.2 Spatial Distribution of SDEs -- 9.6.3 Negative Correlation with the Tide -- 9.6.4 Efficiency of SDE Detection -- 9.7 Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 10 Ambient Bubble Acoustics: Seep, Rain, and Wave Noise -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Bubbles as Acoustic Sources -- 10.2.1 The Injection of a Gas Bubble -- 10.2.2 Bubbles as Simple Harmonic Oscillators -- 10.2.3 Minnaert Frequency -- 10.3 Subsurface Gas Release -- 10.3.1 Gas-Seep Acoustics -- 10.4 Rainfall Acoustics -- 10.5 Acoustics of Breaking Waves -- 10.6 Conclusion -- Further Reading -- Appendix -- Symbology -- References -- Chapter 11 Baleen Whale Vocalizations -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.1.1 Marine Mammal Classification -- 11.2 Physical Description of Sound and Its Conventions -- 11.2.1 Sound Pressure Level (SPL) -- 11.2.2 Source Level (SL). , 11.2.3 Whale-Sound Analysis -- 11.3 Marine Mammal Vocalizations -- 11.3.1 Sirenia and Carnivora -- 11.3.2 Toothed Whales -- 11.3.3 Baleen Whales -- 11.4 Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 12 Tracking and Monitoring Fin Whales Offshore Northwest Spain Using Passive Acoustic Methods -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.1.1 Passive Acoustic Monitoring -- 12.1.2 Fin Whale Vocalizations -- 12.1.3 Data Available for This Study -- 12.2 Methods -- 12.2.1 Call Detection -- 12.2.2 Delay Estimation -- 12.2.3 Localization and Tracking -- 12.2.4 Kalman Filter -- 12.3 Results -- 12.3.1 Detections -- 12.3.2 Localization -- 12.3.3 Tracking -- 12.4 Discussion -- 12.5 Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 13 Noise From Marine Traffic -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Underwater Radiated Noise -- 13.2.1 Sources of Shipping Noise -- 13.2.2 Measuring Radiated Noise -- 13.2.3 Modeling Underwater Radiated Noise -- 13.3 Noise Mapping -- 13.3.1 Modeling Shipping Contributions -- 13.3.2 Source Properties -- 13.3.3 Acoustic Propagation -- 13.3.4 Noise-Mapping Applications -- 13.4 Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 14 Tracking Multiple Underwater Vessels With Passive Sonar Using Beamforming and a Trajectory PHD Filter -- 14.1 Introduction -- 14.2 Narrow-Band Signal Model -- 14.3 Detection via Beamforming and CA-CFAR -- 14.3.1 CBF -- 14.3.2 CA-CFAR -- 14.4 Trajectory PHD Filter for Multiple Underwater Vessels -- 14.4.1 System Model -- 14.4.2 TPHD Filter -- 14.5 Experiments -- 14.5.1 Testing Using Numerical Simulations -- 14.5.2 Testing Using Real-World Experimental Data -- 14.6 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 15 Deciphering the Submarine Soundscape: New Insights, Broader Implications, Future Directions -- 15.1 Introduction -- 15.2 What WAS Not Included -- 15.3 Further Information -- 15.4 Broader Context. , 15.5 Future Impact and Implications.