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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Iron Deficiency in Anemic Patients: Study in a Tertiary Care Centre
    Nepal Journals Online (JOL) ; 2022
    In:  Med Phoenix Vol. 6, No. 2 ( 2022-02-16), p. 21-24
    Details
    In: Med Phoenix, Nepal Journals Online (JOL), Vol. 6, No. 2 ( 2022-02-16), p. 21-24
    Abstract: Introduction Anemia is a clinical abnormality characterized by a reduction in hemoglobin concentration below the normal for age and sex. It can be of different types, the most common being iron deficiency anemia which affects mostly pregnant and lactating females and growing children in the developing world. Materials and Methods This was a hospital-based observational study conducted at National Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Pathology Department, Birgunj, Nepal. Patients above the age of 10 years of both sexes (male and females) having anemia ( males having hemoglobin level 〈 13 gm/dl and females having hemoglobin level 〈 12 gm/dl ) were included. After a detailed history, preliminary blood tests including complete blood counts, peripheral smear, and reticulocytes count were done. In patients suspected (microcytic hypochromic blood picture and normal reticulocytes count )  to have iron deficiency anemia, serum ferritin was done to confirm the diagnosis. Patients under the age of 10 years and those patients having blood malignancies (acute or chronic leukemia) were excluded from the study. Results Sixty anemic patients were found to have iron deficiency. Females were affected more (66%) with iron deficiency anemia than males (34%). There were two peaks (30% and 21%) in age groups 10 – 20 years and 61 – 70 years. Complete blood counts revealed a significant decrease in the value of red cell indices like mean corpuscular volume in 70% patients (Normal MCV 80 to 100 fl) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin in 72% patients (Normal MCH 27 to 33 pg ).  On peripheral smear, it was seen that most of the patients (72%) had microcytic hypochromic blood pictures. Iron deficiency anemia was more common in rural areas. Conclusion Iron deficiency anemia was the most common type of anemia. It is more common in females and the prevalence is more in rural areas.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2631-1992 , 2392-425X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3126/medphoenix.v6i2.37070
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Nepal Journals Online (JOL)
    Publication Date: 2022
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study on the Incidence, Risk Factor and Outcome of Delirium in Surgical Patients in the Semi-Closed Intensive Care Unit
    Nepal Journals Online (JOL) ; 2022
    In:  Med Phoenix Vol. 7, No. 1 ( 2022-08-21), p. 1-6
    Details
    In: Med Phoenix, Nepal Journals Online (JOL), Vol. 7, No. 1 ( 2022-08-21), p. 1-6
    Abstract: Introduction: There is a variation in risk factors and outcome of delirium in surgical patients in different studies. This study was conducted to determine the incidence, risk factors, and outcome of delirium in the surgical semiclosed intensive care unit in a developing country. Materials and Methods: This descriptive study was done in 82 patients of age≥18 years that underwent non-neurological surgery and admitted for more than 24 hours in a level three intensive care unit of medical college from January 10, 2021 to January 9, 2022. The whole sampling method was used in our study. The Confusion Assessment Method-ICU and Richmond Agitation Sedation Scale were used to diagnose delirium and sedation, respectively, along with a checklist to assess risk factors. All data was transferred to the excel sheet and transferred to a statistical package for the social sciences-16. Chi-square test and Fisher’s exact probability test were used to detect the difference between groups in the univariate analysis, as appropriate. The risk factors were analysed using binary logistic regression. Result: Of the 82 ICU admissions 28(34.1%) developed delirium. Hyperactive delirium was the most common motor subtype 12(42.8%). The mean duration of delirium was 4.69±5.06 days. Hypertension and alcohol were identified as risk factors for delirium. Delirious patients had a longer length of stay in the ICU (10.1 ±12.7 vs 5.1 ±4.2 days) with no impact on the duration of mechanical ventilation, mortality, reintubation, and unplanned extubation. Conclusion: Early recognition of risk factors for delirium in surgical patients can decrease the mortality and morbidity of surgical patients.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2631-1992 , 2392-425X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3126/medphoenix.v7i1.47352
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Nepal Journals Online (JOL)
    Publication Date: 2022
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paired terraces of the Seuti Khola, Dharan, eastern Nepal
    Nepal Journals Online (JOL) ; 1970
    In:  Himalayan Journal of Sciences Vol. 5, No. 7 ( 1970-01-01), p. 80-
    Details
    In: Himalayan Journal of Sciences, Nepal Journals Online (JOL), Vol. 5, No. 7 ( 1970-01-01), p. 80-
    Abstract: DOI = 10.3126/hjs.v5i7.1276 Himalayan Journal of Sciences Vol.5(7) (Special Issue) 2008 p.80
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1727-5229 , 1727-5210
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3126/hjs.v5i7.1276
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Nepal Journals Online (JOL)
    Publication Date: 1970
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2223405-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 4
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    Online Resource
    A Prospective Study on the Outcome of Semi-Closed Neurointensive Care in A Tertiary Care Hospital Located in A Rural Area of Eastern Nepal: A Lower-Income Developing Country
    Nepal Journals Online (JOL) ; 2020
    In:  Eastern Green Neurosurgery Vol. 2, No. 3 ( 2020-09-24), p. 7-13
    Details
    In: Eastern Green Neurosurgery, Nepal Journals Online (JOL), Vol. 2, No. 3 ( 2020-09-24), p. 7-13
    Abstract: Background: High mortality and morbidity in neurological patients are found due to lack of closed ICU (Intensive Care Unit), neurointensivist, and training in neurocritical care in most of the developing countries. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the outcome of the neurological patient managed by neurointensivist in a semi-closed ICU. Materials and methods: It was a prospective, descriptive observational cross-sectional study in a level three Neuro-intensive care unit of a tertiary care hospital of Eastern Nepal, for one year in 191 patients. All patients above 18 years admitted to the Neuro-intensive care unit were included in this study. Demographic data was collected for all patients at the time of presentation to the ICU. The outcome of the patient was defined as transferred to Neuro-Ward, leave against medical advice (LAMA), do not resuscitate (DNR) and death. Statistical analysis was done by using SPSS. The result was presented as frequency and percentage. Results: Out of 191 patients, Males (71.7%) was more common than females (28.2%). There were 107 (56%) patients were admitted after 24 hours of injury or illness. 28.2% of patients had a hemorrhagic stroke and was the most common diagnosis for admission in the ICU. This study showed that 58(82.72%) patients survived and were discharged, 23(12%) expired, 7(3.66%) went in LAMA) and 3(1.57%) gave do not resuscitate orders (DNR). Mean days on a mechanical ventilator was 3.17 ± 2.12 days. Mortality in the intubated patient was 19%. Conclusion: A semi-closed Neuro-intensive care unit that includes full-time neurointensivist may have a better outcome than the open ICU.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2705-4489 , 2705-4470
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3126/egn.v2i3.31445
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Nepal Journals Online (JOL)
    Publication Date: 2020
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Fish community structure along altitudinal gradients with relation to environmental variables in Ratuwa River of Eastern, Nepal
    Nepal Journals Online (JOL) ; 2021
    In:  Our Nature Vol. 19, No. 1 ( 2021-12-14), p. 70-81
    Details
    In: Our Nature, Nepal Journals Online (JOL), Vol. 19, No. 1 ( 2021-12-14), p. 70-81
    Abstract: Studies on fish community structure along altitudinal gradients of rivers are lacking in Nepal. This study was carried out to gauge the fish diversity and composition along elevational gradient in Ratuwa River. The altitudinal gradient varies between 70 m to 1300 m. Fish samples were collected based on habitat representativeness from April (spring) 10-18, July (summer) 10-18, October (autumn) 10-18, 2020 and January (winter) 10-18, 2021. A total of 3447 specimens representing 4 orders, 14 families and 36 species were identified. Both fish diversity and abundance of studied ichthyofauna vary with altitudinal gradient. The present study affirmed that fish species of Opsarius bendelisis, Schistura multifasciatus, Garra annandalei, Brachydanio rerio, Aspidoparia morar, and Schistura scaturigina are the major contributory species ( 〉 1%) for both space and time spectrums. Fish community structure testing for both to space and time showed significant difference in spatial spectrum (R=0.72, P 〈 0.01) but no significant difference in temporal variation (R=-0.034, P 〉 0.05). The present results hinted that fish assemblage structure varied significantly from low to high elevations, altitude, water temperature, water velocity, dissolved oxygen and pH was found as major influential factors (P 〈 0.05) for species distribution.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2091-2781 , 1991-2951
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3126/on.v19i1.41265
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Nepal Journals Online (JOL)
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2389283-3
    SSG: 12
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Prevalence and associated risk factor of hypertension among individuals of age 18-59 years in South-eastern Nepal: A cross-sectional study
    Nepal Journals Online (JOL) ; 2019
    In:  Nepalese Heart Journal Vol. 16, No. 1 ( 2019-04-30), p. 19-26
    Details
    In: Nepalese Heart Journal, Nepal Journals Online (JOL), Vol. 16, No. 1 ( 2019-04-30), p. 19-26
    Abstract: Background: Hypertension is one of the major risk factors for the rising burden of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in developing region. It has also been recognized as one of the major public health problems in the developing countries since the early seventies and the rate is increasing not only in urban areas but in rural areas with low socio-economic condition.  Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted in Jogidaha Village Development Comittee(VDC) and Triyuga Municipality of Udaypur district of South-Eastern Nepal. A total of 430 participants of age 18-59 years were selected. Semi-structured questionnaire (WHO NCD STEPS instrument) was used to collect information on demographic variables and associated risk factors with use of show cards. Clinical and anthropometric measurement were done. Primary outcome was prevalence of hypertension. Bivariate and multivariate analysis were performed to show strength of association among various risk factors with hypertension.  Results: The prevalence of hypertension was found to be 25.1%. Prevalence of overweight and obesity was found to be 49.8%. Hypertension was significantly associated with age (AOR=1.09, CI=1.05-1.10) and gender (male 〉 female; AOR= 2.12,CI =1.22-3.68). Similarly, increased waist-hip ratio(7.12; CI 2.87-17.67),alcohol consumption(OR=2.82,CI=1.77-4.52), and use of tobacco products (OR =1.8,CI=1.02-3.20) showed significant association with hypertension. Conclusion: There is high prevalence of hypertension in rural districts of South-Eastern Nepal. A community-based preventive approach with early detection and treatment and life-style modification is needed to reduce the burden of disease and make sustainable changes. 
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2382-5464 , 2091-2978
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3126/njh.v16i1.23894
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Nepal Journals Online (JOL)
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2901174-7
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Prevalence of Helicobacter Pylori Infection in Patients with Portal Hypertension
    Nepal Journals Online (JOL) ; 2018
    In:  Journal of Universal College of Medical Sciences Vol. 6, No. 2 ( 2018-12-03), p. 16-19
    Details
    In: Journal of Universal College of Medical Sciences, Nepal Journals Online (JOL), Vol. 6, No. 2 ( 2018-12-03), p. 16-19
    Abstract: Introduction: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a microaerophile gram-negative bacillus which is found mainly on the surface of mucous membrane of the prepyloric part of the stomach. It is found to be infecting approximately 50% of world population. In patients with liver cirrhosis, the prevalence of H. pylori is variable. A high incidence of H. pylori colonization has been found in portal hypertension; especially in those with gastric erosion. This study was done to find out the prevalence of H. pylori infection in patients with portal hypertension at Universal College of Medical Sciences Teaching Hospital, Nepal.  Materials and methods: It was a hospital based cross sectional observational study. All the consecutive patients aged more than 16 years, presented with portal hypertension who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were included in the study. The study period was from 1st  September 2015 to 31st August 2016. The upper gastrointestinal endoscopy was done in all cases and mucosal biopsy was taken. H. pylori infection was diagnosed by using rapid urease test.  Results: During the study period, 71 patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were included in the analysis. The majority of the patients 21 (29.6%) were between 51-60 years age group. There were more male (78.9%) then female (21.1%). The mean age of study population was 50.85 ± 12.47 years. Among the study population, rapid urease test was positive in 70.4% (n=50) patients.  Conclusion: The prevalence of H. pylori infection was seen in 70.4% of the patients suffering with portal hypertension. 
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2350-8582 , 2091-2846
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3126/jucms.v6i2.22470
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Nepal Journals Online (JOL)
    Publication Date: 2018
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Clinico-Epidemiological Profile and Outcome of Poisoning in Children Presenting at a Tertiary Care Hospital of Eastern Nepal
    Nepal Journals Online (JOL) ; 2023
    In:  Journal of Nobel Medical College Vol. 12, No. 1 ( 2023-07-17), p. 27-32
    Details
    In: Journal of Nobel Medical College, Nepal Journals Online (JOL), Vol. 12, No. 1 ( 2023-07-17), p. 27-32
    Abstract: Background: Pediatric poisoning is common emergency worldwide and represents major and preventable cause of morbidity and mortality in children. The study describes epidemiology and outcome of acute poisonings in children presenting to Nobel Medical College through Emergency and Outpatient department and determines causative agents and characteristics of acute poisoning in several pediatric age groups. Material and Methods: This was hospital based prospective cross-sectional study which included all acutely poisoned patients under 18yrs age of either sex who presented to Nobel Medical College Teaching Hospital during 1year period (January 2021 to December 2021). Various socio-demographic variables, poisoning details, clinical manifestations, treatment given, outcome and complications were entered in predesigned proforma. Data was entered in excel sheet and descriptive analysis was done using SPSS software (version 20). Results: During the study period total 56 children with poisoning were admitted and enrolled.  The mean age (±SD) of children with poisoning was 8.18 ± 5.50 Years. Poisoning cases werepredominant in male children (n=56, 53.6%). The most common poison wasorganophosphates(OP) compounds (41.1%). More than three-fourth of cases (92.9%) were symptomatic where nausea/vomiting (78.6%) was most common clinical symptoms, About 83.9% children survived, 10.7% expired and 5.4% left against medical advice (LAMA). Complications were seen in about 37.5% where shock was most common complications Conclusion: Poisoning was common in adolescent age group.Overall nature of poisoning was accidental however, in adolescent age group majority of them were suicidal in nature.Organophosphates (OP) compounds was most common type of poisoning
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2091-234X , 2091-2331
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3126/jonmc.v12i1.56282
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Nepal Journals Online (JOL)
    Publication Date: 2023
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Impact of Non-Interest Income on Financial Performance of Joint Venture Banks in Nepal
    Nepal Journals Online (JOL) ; 2018
    In:  Journal of Business and Social Sciences Research Vol. 3, No. 2 ( 2018-12-31), p. 107-124
    Details
    In: Journal of Business and Social Sciences Research, Nepal Journals Online (JOL), Vol. 3, No. 2 ( 2018-12-31), p. 107-124
    Abstract:  The research was conducted to identify the non-interest income variables that will likely affect the financial performance of the joint venture banks of Nepal. The main objective of the study is to analyze the prominence of non-interest income and its effect on financial performance of joint venture banks in Nepal. This study will help the banks to identify other sources of income of the bank and try to look at its impact on the overall profitability and risk intention. To measure the financial performance, the indicator of profitability i.e. returns on assets and return on equity are taken into consideration for the study as a dependent variable and assets size, letter of credit fee, guarantee income, remittance fee, dividend income, exchange income, service charge, and renewal fee as an independent variable. Both descriptive and inferential analyses were performed to capture the relationship. From the result analysis, it is observed that the non-interest income variables that would affect the financial performance of the joint venture banks. It is observed that not all variables have equal effect on the profitability as measure of financial performance, for joint ventures the factors like assets size, letter of credit fee, guarantee income, remittance fee, dividend income, exchange income, service charge, and renewal fee have a significant relationship with the measure of financial performance that is return on assets and return on equity. Apart from the interest income, there are lot of non-interest variables which leads to profitability so the banks looking to increase its profitability with lesser risk need to take these variables into consideration. Results indicate that banks need to keep the non-interest income variables into consideration at times for improving the financial performance of the joint venture banks.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2631-2433 , 2542-2812
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3126/jbssr.v3i2.28128
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Nepal Journals Online (JOL)
    Publication Date: 2018
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  • 10
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    Online Resource
    Primary Salivary Gland Tumors- A two years study at Nobel Medical College
    Nepal Journals Online (JOL) ; 2019
    In:  Nepalese Medical Journal Vol. 2, No. 2 ( 2019-12-15), p. 234-238
    Details
    In: Nepalese Medical Journal, Nepal Journals Online (JOL), Vol. 2, No. 2 ( 2019-12-15), p. 234-238
    Abstract: Introduction: Salivary gland tumors are a heterogeneous group of neoplasms that are relatively rare but represent a wide variety of both benign and malignant histopathologic subtypes. The aim of this study was to find out the histopathological distribution of primary salivary gland tumors and correlate fine needle aspiration cytology reports with histological findings.Materials and Methods: A total of 83 patients attending the otorhinolaryngology department with salivary gland tumors were enrolled in our study. The histopathological findings were reported and correlated with cytological findings.Results: The mean age of the patient with salivary tumors was 43.11 ± 13.02 years. Out of 83 cases, 3 (3.6%) patients were diagnosed as inflammatory lesions, 64 (77.1%) patients had benign salivary gland tumors and 16 (19.3%) of patients had malignant salivary glands tumors in histopathology. The sensitivity and specificity of FNAC in this series for detecting salivary gland malignancy were 68.8% and 98.5% respectively with an overall diagnostic accuracy of 92.8%. The most common salivary gland tumor was found to be pleomorphic adenoma (56.6%) and the most common malignant salivary gland tumor was found to be mucoepidermoid carcinoma (19.3%). The comparison of the incidence of salivary gland tumors in various age groups showed a statisticallysignificant difference (p=0.009).  Conclusions: Benign salivary tumors are more common than malignant tumors with the most common occurrence in parotid glands. Pleomorphic adenoma is the most common benign tumor whereas; mucoepidermoid carcinoma is the most common malignant tumor in patients visiting Nobel medical college.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2645-8586 , 2631-2093
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3126/nmj.v2i2.25277
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Nepal Journals Online (JOL)
    Publication Date: 2019
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