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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tomographic abdominal anatomy with magnetic resonance color composites (1992)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 5 (1992), S. 169-184 
    Details
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Keywords: MRI ; abdomen ; liver ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an excellent modality for tomographically visualizing abdominal structures, particularly the liver, In an effort to simulate the natural color scheme of the living abdomen using MRI, we have generated color composites from sets of gray tone MR images obtained at corresponding anatomic slice positions from two healthy individuals. Pulse sequences used for our image sets included T1-, T2-, and proton density-weighted spin echo sequences as well as an angiographic FISP gradient echo sequence. A PC/AT-compatible computer with 24-bit graphics display capbilites, along with commerical and customized image-processing software, was used for composite generation. The applied colors were selected based on quantitative characteristics tissue intensity patterns so that tissue contrast could be optimized in the final image. The generated composites were correlated with cadaver sections to evaluate the color scheme of these false-colored images. With our composite generation techniques, it was possible to generated near-natural appearing color images of the abdomen. Color composites may be useful for teaching human cross-sectional anatomy and may also have diagnostic applications in abdominal MRI studies. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.980050302
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preparation and morphology of a silicone-acrylate copolymer system (1986)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 31 (1986), S. 1293-1308 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: This paper presents the synthesis and analysis of a new series of silicone acrylate (SiAc) copolymers. The building block oligomers are linear polydimethylsiloxanes with alkylene urethane methacrylate end groups (Mn 1000-3000). A variety of analyses were performed in order to elucidate the morphology of these copolymers. Data are presented from differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), permeability testing, small angle x-ray scattering (SAXS), and electron microscopy. These data indicate that these co-polymers possess a two-phase morphology in the range of compositions studied. Conclusions are drawn about the continuity, shape, and size of the domains. Some comparisons are made between data for these “ladder” polymers and data for siloxane-containing alternating block copolymers reported in the literature.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1986.070310515
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Generation of color composites for enhanced tissue differentiation in magnetic resonance imaging of the brain (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 192 (1991), S. 23-34 
    Details
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Currently, the diagnostic interpretation of magnetic resonance (MR) images requires that radiologists integrate specific tissue contrast information from several different images obtained at the same anatomic slice position. Each of these images has its own unique tissue contrast patterns which are based on the image acquisition parameters (pulse sequence) selected. The complex contrast patterns observable in these images reflect the inherent biophysical characteristics of the tissues and fluids present in the imaged section. In an effort to increase the diagnostic accuracy and efficiency of MR image interpretation, we have generated color composite images from quantitatively analyzed achromatic MR images of the brain, obtained while utilizing different pulse sequences. By using a DEC Micro VAX II computer with Interactive Digital Language (IDL), this color display method has been applied to images obtained from General Electric Signa and Siemens Magnatom imagers. For this study, our image sets included T1-weighted, T2-weighted, and proton density spin echo sequences as well as both high and low flip angle gradient echo sequences. Advantages of our color composite methods, in contrast to many other image processing techniques that have been described, are that minimal information is lost, computer misclassification of tissues is avoided, and the conspicuity of specific tissues is enhanced. Furthermore, with this method it is possible to produce composite images whose color renditions approach a natural anatomic tissue appearance. Availability of these color composites to radiologists may improve the efficiency and accuracy of the diagnostic interpretation of MR images.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aja.1001920104
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hyaluronidase-bound membrane as a biomaterial for implantable fuel cells (1976)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 10 (1976), S. 283-294 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: A new biomaterial containing covalently bound hyaluronidase was prepared. An application of this enzyme membrane is to improve the performance of an implantable fuel cell. Hyaluronic acid is a contributor to the viscosity of tissue fluids but can be a potential fuel source because of its sugar content. The incorporation of immobilized hyaluronidase would not only contribute to a more available fuel supply by splitting hyaluronic acid but, perhaps more importantly, enhance the rate of mass transport of fuel, O2, and reaction products by reducing the viscosity near the electrode membranes. Hyaluronidase was bound to Sepharose gel and its thermoplastic membrane after activation by cyanogen bromide. Fourteen and 22% of the activities were recovered from the gel and membrane, respectively. The activity of the bound enzyme was stable for six months at 0°C. The addition of hyaluronic acid, 1 mg/ml, to a typical implantable type bioautofuel cell in vitro increased external solution viscosity from 1.1 to 2.5-2.8 cP and reduced voltage output under 10 kΩ by 60% in 3 hr. When the hyaluronidase bound membrane was placed at the anode, viscosity of the glucose-hyaluronic acid solution was lowered to 1.8 cP and the cell output increased to the original level of a glucose-fueled cell in 3 hr. Glucosamine-equivalent released from hyaluronic acid at the electrode was 3.1 mg after 22.5 hr. This represents 90% of the theoretical consumption. Restoration of the cell output was probably a combination of the enhanced transport of fuel, O2 and products, and/or appearance of a new fuel, glucosamine-equivalent.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.820100209
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effects of pore size and endothelial cell seeding upon the performance of small-diameter e-PTFE vascular grafts under controlled flow conditions (1988)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 22 (1988), S. 163-177 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of endothelial cell seeding and graft internodal distance upon the performance of 4-mm-ID e-PTFE grafts during acute reduced blood flow conditions. PTFE grafts especially manufactured with three different mean internodal distances (28, 40, and 52 μm) were evaluated. Fifteen dogs (n = 5 for each design of PTFE graft) underwent bilateral carotid artery replacements with 6 cm lengths of 4-mm-ID PTFE grafts. In each dog one graft was seeded with enzymatically derived endothelial cells; the contralateral graft was nonseeded. All grafts were evaluated 5 weeks postoperatively. Dogs with bilaterally patent grafts were subsequently subjected to flow conditions through the graft that were maintained at 30% of the initial flow rates for 4 hr. Following controlled low flows the grafts were excised and assessed for patency, thrombus-free surface area, inner capsule thickness and prostacyclin production. Endothelial cell seeding of these small-diameter e-PTFE vascular grafts improved patency and thrombus-free surface areas in grafts of all pore sizes, with these parameters being greatest in the 40-μm grafts. Inner-capsule healing in these grafts was controlled and related to the pore size. PGI2 production was improved in endothelial cell seeded grafts of all pore sizes. However, neither endothelial cell seeding nor graft pore size affected the performance of these e-PTFE grafts under conditions of reduced blood flows.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.820220302
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  • 6
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    The impact of probiotics and prebiotics on the immune system (2012)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-09-26
    Description: The impact of probiotics and prebiotics on the immune system Nature Reviews Immunology 12, 728 (2012). doi:10.1038/nri3312 Authors: Todd R. Klaenhammer, Michiel Kleerebezem, Matthias Volkmar Kopp & Maria Rescigno Probiotics and prebiotics are increasingly being added to foodstuffs with claims of health benefits. Probiotics are live microorganisms that are thought to have beneficial effects on the host, whereas prebiotics are ingredients that stimulate the growth and/or function of beneficial intestinal microorganisms. But can these
    Print ISSN: 1474-1733
    Electronic ISSN: 1474-1741
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 7
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    Exome and whole-genome sequencing of esophageal adenocarcinoma identifies recurrent driver events and mutational complexity (2013)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-04-27
    Description: Nature Genetics 45, 478 (2013). doi:10.1038/ng.2591 Authors: Austin M Dulak, Petar Stojanov, Shouyong Peng, Michael S Lawrence, Cameron Fox, Chip Stewart, Santhoshi Bandla, Yu Imamura, Steven E Schumacher, Erica Shefler, Aaron McKenna, Scott L Carter, Kristian Cibulskis, Andrey Sivachenko, Gordon Saksena, Douglas Voet, Alex H Ramos, Daniel Auclair, Kristin Thompson, Carrie Sougnez, Robert C Onofrio, Candace Guiducci, Rameen Beroukhim, Zhongren Zhou, Lin Lin, Jules Lin, Rishindra Reddy, Andrew Chang, Rodney Landrenau, Arjun Pennathur, Shuji Ogino, James D Luketich, Todd R Golub, Stacey B Gabriel, Eric S Lander, David G Beer, Tony E Godfrey, Gad Getz & Adam J Bass
    Print ISSN: 1061-4036
    Electronic ISSN: 1546-1718
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 8
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    Integrating multiple techniques to identify stock boundaries of common bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) (2013)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-04-20
    Description: ABSTRACT Under US policy, a stock is a group of animals shown to be demographically independent from other such groups. Evidence of demographic delineations for marine mammal stocks is gained primarily through genetic analysis. However, additional techniques play an important role in determining fine-scale ranging patterns that can be used to define a stock's geographic boundaries. In cases where genetic studies have not yet been performed, movement and ranging pattern data are essential in identifying a targeted geographic region for tissue sampling and genetic studies. Photo-identification surveys, vessel-based radio telemetry, automated radio telemetry systems (ARTS), and satellite-linked telemetry are sampling techniques that have been used to determine common bottlenose dolphin ranging patterns and provide detailed insight into stock boundaries. The results of near simultaneous use of these sampling techniques are compared using data from a case study of bottlenose dolphins within the estuaries of southern Georgia. Satellite-linked and radio telemetry were determined to be useful sampling techniques for identification of short-term ranging patterns. Satellite-linked telemetry had the second lowest cost per location ($122) and identified dolphin ranging patterns within and outside of the study area boundaries. Vessel-based radio telemetry was more costly ($195 per location) and had relatively limited tracking coverage. However, this sampling technique permitted visual observations of animal and tag condition. The combination of vessel-based radio telemetry and ARTS, which had the lowest cost per location ($34), was an effective method for determining ranging patterns of tagged individuals within and outside of the study area. Photo-identification surveys, relative to satellite-linked and radio telemetry, were not as efficient for determination of targeted individuals’ short-term ranging patterns and had the highest cost per location of the four sampling techniques ($292). However, photo-identification is more effective than any other technique for compiling data on large numbers of individuals within a designated study area. Photo-identification surveys are essential for long-term monitoring and provide additional insight into dolphin stock structure that cannot be determined through telemetry alone. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    Print ISSN: 1052-7613
    Electronic ISSN: 1099-0755
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell
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  • 9
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    Expanding the biotechnology potential of lactobacilli through comparative genomics of 213 strains and associated genera (2015)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-10-01
    Description: Article Lactobacillus is a lactic acid bacteria and has a wide range of application from use in probiotic food production to biotherapeutics. Here, the authors sequence and compare the genomes of 213 different Lactobacillus strains and related genera, and provide new insight into phylogenomic organization and adaptive immunity elements in this bacteria family. Nature Communications doi: 10.1038/ncomms9322 Authors: Zhihong Sun, Hugh M. B. Harris, Angela McCann, Chenyi Guo, Silvia Argimón, Wenyi Zhang, Xianwei Yang, Ian B Jeffery, Jakki C. Cooney, Todd F. Kagawa, Wenjun Liu, Yuqin Song, Elisa Salvetti, Agnieszka Wrobel, Pia Rasinkangas, Julian Parkhill, Mary C. Rea, Orla O’Sullivan, Jarmo Ritari, François P. Douillard, R. Paul Ross, Ruifu Yang, Alexandra E. Briner, Giovanna E. Felis, Willem M. de Vos, Rodolphe Barrangou, Todd R. Klaenhammer, Page W. Caufield, Yujun Cui, Heping Zhang, Paul W. O’Toole
    Electronic ISSN: 2041-1723
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 10
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    An ecosystem of cancer cell line factories to support a cancer dependency map (2015)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-06-19
    Description: Nature Reviews Genetics 16, 373 (2015). doi:10.1038/nrg3967 Authors: Jesse S. Boehm & Todd R. Golub Jesse Boehm and Todd Golub call for an international effort to establish 〉10,000 cancer cell line models as a community resource. Cancer cell line factories will facilitate the creation of a cancer dependency map, connecting cancer genomics to therapeutic dependencies.
    Print ISSN: 1471-0056
    Electronic ISSN: 1471-0064
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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