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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Implant surface preparation in the surgical treatment of experimental peri-implantitis with autogenous bone graft and ePTFE membrane in cynomolgus monkeys (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Clinical oral implants research 14 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0501
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: The aim of the present investigation was to assess the effect of four implant surface preparation methods used in the surgical treatment of experimental peri-implantitis with autogenous bone graft and expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) membrane. The methods were air-powder abrasive unit+citric acid, air-powder abrasive unit, gauze soaked in saline+citric acid, and gauze soaked alternately in chlorhexidine and saline. A total of 64 implants with a titanium plasma-sprayed (TPS) surface was placed in eight cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis). After a 3-month period with plaque control, experimental peri-implantitis was induced. A bone loss of 4–6 mm was established after 9–17 months and plaque control was re-implemented. The peri-implantitis defects were surgically exposed, granulation tissue was removed, and each implant surface was prepared by one of the above-mentioned procedures. The defects were then filled with autogenous bone graft particles and covered by an ePTFE membrane. The animals were sacrificed after 6 months. Evaluation by clinical parameters, radiography including quantitative digital subtraction radiography, histology, and stereology did not reveal significant differences between the methods. Almost total bone regeneration and considerable re-osseointegration were obtained irrespective of the method applied. A mean bone-to-implant contact of 39–46% was observed within the defects. Therefore, the present study of implants with a TPS surface in cynomolgus monkeys indicates that the simplest method involving gauze soaked alternately in chlorhexidine and saline should be the preferred implant surface preparation method in the surgical treatment of peri-implantitis involving autogenous bone graft and ePTFE membrane.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0501.2003.00912.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Histomorphometric and removal torque analysis for TiO2hyphen;blasted titanium implants. An experimental study on dogs. (1992)
    Copenhagen : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Clinical oral implants research 3 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0501
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The aim of the present study was to compare the anchorage of TiO2-blasted screw and cylindrical implants with conventionally used machine-produced screw and cylindrical implants inserted immediately in extraction sockets on dogs. 6 adult mongrel dogs had 3rd and 4th mandibular premolars extracted bilaterally and 24 commercial pure titanium implants were placed immediately in extraction sockets and covered with mucoperiosteum. Each dog had inserted 4 implants: 1 screw implant and 1 cylindrical implant blasted with titanium-dioxide-particles; 1 screw implant and 1 cylindrical implant with machine-produced (m.p.) surface (controls). After a healing period of 12 weeks, 16 implants from 4 animals were used for removal torque test, which demonstrated that significantly higher removal torque force was needed to unscrew the implants blasted with titanium-dioxide-particles, than the normal m.p. implants. The medians for the TiO2-blasted screw and cylindrical implants were 〉 150 Ncm and 10.5 Ncm, respectively, while the values for the m.p. implants were 60 Ncm and 35 Ncm, respectively. The SEM investigation demonstrated a high irregularity of the TiO2-blasted surface compared to the machined surface. The R, and R, values for surface roughness were higher for the TiO2-blasted implants than for the normal m.p. implants. Histomorphometrically, the arithmetic mean of the direct bone-implant contact fraction was 69%. There was no significant difference in direct bone-implant contact length fraction between TiO2-blasted implants and the control implants. The implants blasted with titanium-dioxide-particles in this study showed a better anchorage than implants with a machine-produced surface. The screw implants showed a better anchorage than the cylindrical implants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0501.1992.030205.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Incomplete bone regeneration of rabbit calvarial defects using different membranes (1998)
    Copenhagen : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Clinical oral implants research 9 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0501
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The present study describes the use of a degradable and a non-degradable material for guided bone regeneration. Forty rabbits were divided into 5 groups. Bicortical defects 15 mm in diameter were prepared in rabbit calvaria. A titanium microplate was placed over the defect to prevent collapse of the membrane. The calvarial defects of 2 groups were covered by an outer expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (e-FTFE) membrane respectively by a Polyglactin 910 membrane. Bicortical e-PTFE membranes or Polyglactin 910 membranes were used in 2 other groups. The defects were not covered by membranes in the control group. Undecalcified sections were prepared for histologic evaluation after an observation period of 8 weeks. Complete bone healing of the defects was not observed in any of the specimens. The Polyglactin 910 material lacks physical strength, resulting in collapse of the membrane and brain tissue hemiation into the defects. Subsequently, bone regeneration was impaired. The cellular reactions due to degradation of the material were minor and did not interfere with bone healing. Defects covered bicortically by e-PTFE membranes revealed the largest amount of regenerated bone. The e-PTFE membrane induced a severe cellular reaction, but no inhibition of bone regeneration was noted.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0501.1998.090504.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Autogenous bone graft and ePTFE membrane in the treatment of peri-implantitis. II. Stereologic and histologic observations in cynomolgus monkeys (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Clinical oral implants research 14 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0501
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effect of autogenous bone graft particles and expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) membrane in the treatment of peri-implantitis with stereologic and histologic methods. Clinical and radiographic findings are reported elsewhere. Experimental peri-implantitis with a bone loss of 4–6 mm was established during 14–22 months around 64 implants with a titanium plasma-sprayed (TPS) surface in eight cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis). The defects were treated with autogenous bone+membrane (B+M), autogenous bone (B), membrane (M), or a conventional flap procedure (control) (C). The animals were killed 6 months after surgery. Healthy peri-implant tissue was established irrespective of the applied treatment procedure. However, the amount of bone (autogenous bone graft particles and regenerated bone) and re-osseointegration were significantly higher in defects treated with B+M as compared with the three other treatment modalities. A mean bone-to-implant contact of 45% was estimated within defects treated with B+M. The corresponding values for the B, M, and C groups were 22, 21, and 14%. The present study therefore demonstrates that autogenous bone graft particles covered by an ePTFE membrane is a useful surgical treatment procedure of experimental peri-implantitis around implants with a TPS surface in cynomolgus monkeys. Obviously, there is a background for long-term evaluation in humans.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0501.2003.120910.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Probing around implants and teeth with healthy or inflamed peri-implant mucosa/gingiva (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Clinical oral implants research 13 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0501
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: The purpose of this study was to obtain a better understanding of probing measurements around osseointegrated oral implants. A comparison was made of probe tip position around Astra Tech implants and teeth of eight cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) in conditions of i) healthy peri-implant mucosa/gingiva, ii) mild mucositis/gingivitis, iii) severe mucositis/gingivitis or iv) peri-implantitis/periodontitis. Histological sections of 128 probes that were attached to implants or teeth with surrounding tissues were prepared by the cutting-grinding technique. No systematic differences were identified in the clinical and histological estimates of the distance between the mucosal/gingival margin and the probe tip. The differences were mainly smaller than 0.5 mm, and in no case were they larger than 0.7 mm. For implants and teeth with healthy peri-implant mucosa/gingiva, the distance between the probe tip and the alveolar bone was similar and ranged from 0.5 to 1.5 mm (P = 0.97). However, the probe tip was closer to bone around implants than around teeth in conditions of mild mucositis/gingivitis (P = 0.034), severe mucositis/gingivitis (P ≤ 0.0001) and peri-implantitis/periodontitis (P ≤ 0.0001). Around implants with severe mucositis and peri-implantitis, the distance was generally smaller than 0.5 mm, whereas teeth with severe gingivitis and periodontitis showed distances that mainly ranged from 0.5 to 1.5 mm. In conclusion, the probing measurements around osseointegrated oral implants and teeth were different. Even mild marginal inflammation was associated with deeper probe penetration around implants in comparison to teeth.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0501.2002.130201.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Unbiased stereological methods used for the quantitative evaluation of guided bone regeneration (1998)
    Copenhagen : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Clinical oral implants research 9 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0501
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The present study describes the use of unbiased stereological methods for the quantitative evaluation of the amount of regenerated bone. Using the principle of guided bone regeneration the amount of regenerated bone after placement of degradable or non-degradable membranes covering defects in rabbit calvaria was compared. Forty rabbits were divided into 5 groups. A titanium microplate was placed over the defect to prevent collapse of the membrane. The non-degradable expanded polytetrafluoroethylene membrane and the degradable Polyglactin 910 material were both placed unicortically and bicortically. Undecalcified sections were prepared for stereologic evaluation after an observation period of 8 weeks. Complete bone healing of the defects was not observed in any of the specimens. Unbiased stereologic estimates revealed 48% bone regeneration in defects covered by 2 e-PTFE membranes, and 12% in defects covered by 2 Polyglactin 910 membranes. Defects covered by 1 e-PTFE or Polyglactin 910 membranes revealed 10% or 18% bone regeneration, respectively. The control group regenerated 14%. The major difference of the estimates was caused by real difference between specimens, i.e. biologic variation, whereas only minimal variance was added by the stereologic estimation procedure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0501.1998.090303.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Osseointegration of subperiosteal implants using bovine bone substitute and various membranes (2000)
    Copenhagen : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Clinical oral implants research 11 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0501
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: An earlier study revealed incomplete osseointegration of individually made titanium subperiosteal implants covered by ePTFE membranes and fixated to the rabbit tibial bone surface. In addition, the newly-formed bone was dominated by large marrow spaces. In this subsequent study, subperiosteal implants were also fixated on the bone surface of both tibia of 9 Copenhagen White rabbits. Bio-Oss® particles were packed densely covering the entire implant surface. One of 3 different membranes covered the implant and the particles. The membranes used were the degradable Polyglactin 910® mesh, a degradable bilayer collagen membrane and the non-degradable ePTFE membrane. Undecalcified sections were prepared for histologic evaluation after a 12 weeks' observation period. All 18 subperiosteal implants were completely osseointegrated. In addition, the marrow spaces were reduced compared to our previous study. The Bio-Oss® particles proved to be biocompatible and osteoconductive. The ePTFE membranes revealed neither signs of collapse nor adjacent infiltration of inflammatory cells. The Polyglactin 910 mesh and the bilayer collagen membranes collapsed slightly. There were signs of resorption of the surface of the newly-formed bone under the degradable membranes. The cause of resorption can not be documented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0501.2000.011001051.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Problems related to an intraoral approach for experimental surgery on minipigs (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Clinical oral implants research 15 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0501
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The purpose of the present study was to compare block and particulated bone grafts for jaw augmentation in combination with immediate implant placement. Bone defects measuring 10 mm × 10 mm × 30 mm were prepared on each side of the mandible of eight minipigs. After a healing period of 3 months, the defects in four animals were augmented with iliac crest grafts as a block or particulated graft, combined with immediate implant insertion. Clinical inspection was performed after 14 days. Complete exposure of grafts and implants was discovered. The surgical procedures were altered in the fifth animal. Inspection was made after 4 days showing no alterations. However, after another 7 days, grafts and implants were exposed. Consequently, the study was discontinued and all eight animals were killed. It is concluded that an intraoral approach is not applicable for this type of experimental surgery in minipigs. This paper describes some of the presumed reasons for the failure of the study.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0501.2004.01016.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Autogenous bone graft and ePTFE membrane in the treatment of peri-implantitis. I. Clinical and radiographic observations in cynomolgus monkeys (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Clinical oral implants research 14 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0501
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: The purpose of the study was to examine the effect of autogenous bone graft particles and expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) membrane in the treatment of peri-implantitis. The treatment outcome was evaluated by clinical and radiographic methods including quantitative digital subtraction radiography. A total of 64 implants with a titanium plasma-sprayed (TPS) surface was inserted in eight cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis). After a 3-month healing period with plaque control, experimental peri-implantitis characterized by a bone loss of 4–6 mm was established during 14–22 months. Plaque control was then re-implemented and surgical treatment involving autogenous bone+membrane (B+M), autogenous bone (B), membrane (M), or a conventional flap procedure alone (control) (C) was performed. The animals were killed 6 months after treatment. Healthy peri-implant tissue was established irrespective of the applied surgical procedure. A mean bone gain of 4.7 mm was identified around implants treated with B+M, while, respectively, 4.0, 3.0, and 1.9 mm were recorded within the B, M, and C groups. Quantitative digital subtraction radiography confirmed considerable bone gain within defects treated with autogenous bone with or without membrane coverage. The bone gain, especially for defects treated with B+M, seemed to be almost to the level before development of peri-implantitis. By contrast, 38 and 25% of the defect was on average characterized by bone gain when, respectively, M or C was used alone. The present study of implants with a TPS surface in cynomolgus monkeys thus demonstrates considerable bone regeneration after treatment of experimental peri-implantitis with autogenous bone graft particles with or without ePTFE membrane coverage. Further stereologic and histologic evaluation of the treatment outcome is necessary before final conclusions about the effect of autogenous bone graft and ePTFE membrane can be made.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0501.2003.120909.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A 41-year history of a mandibular subperiosteal implant (2000)
    Copenhagen : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Clinical oral implants research 11 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0501
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The subperiosteal implant was originally described in the 1940s. The inadequate long-term results of subperiosteal implants are in contrast to the excellent results documented for endosseous osseointegrated oral implants. Consequently, subperiosteal implants and other soft-tissue-anchored implants should not be used presently. Furthermore, these implants are seldom seen today, because they generally were removed rather shortly after placement. The present report documents a full 41-year history of a mandibular subperiosteal implant inserted in 1957 by focusing upon the consequences of not removing an implant in spite of continuous periods of complications during 4 decades. Implant exposure, inflammation, infection, and fistula formation occurred persistently. Total implant removal was refused by the patient in 1973. After 25 years without control, tremendous resorption of the mandible was observed in 1998. Consequently, the entire implant was then removed. Placement of osseointegrated oral implants was impossible without extensive autogenous bone grafting. The present report has demonstrated that regular control of patients with subperiosteal implants is mandatory. Furthermore, subperiosteal implants should definitely be removed, if continuous periods of complications occur.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0501.2000.110210.x
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