Description: Fuettererite, Pb 3 Cu 6 2+ Te 6+ O 6 (OH) 7 Cl 5 , is a new tellurate from Otto Mountain near Baker, California, named for Otto Fuetterer who is largely responsible for the development of the mining claims on Otto Mountain. The new mineral is known from only two specimens, one from the NE2 vein and the other from the Bird Nest drift. Fuettererite occurs in vugs in quartz, on the first specimen associated with Br-rich chlorargyrite, iodargyrite, and telluroperite and on the second specimen associated with angle-site, anatacamite, atacamite, chalcopyrite, galena, goethite, hematite, muscovite, phosphohedyphane, timroseite, and wulfenite. It is interpreted as having formed from the partial oxidation of primary sulfides and tellurides during or following brecciation of quartz veins. Fuettererite is hexagonal, with space group R $$\overline{3}$$ , a = 8.4035(12), c = 44.681(4) Å, V = 2732.6(6) Å 3 , and Z = 6. Crystals are tabular to short prismatic, exhibit the forms {100}, {101}, and {001} and reach a maximum dimension of 50 μm. The color is bluish green, the streak is pale bluish-green, and the luster is adamantine. The Mohs hardness is estimated at between 2 and 3. The new mineral is brittle with irregular fracture and one perfect cleavage on {001}. The calculated density based on the empirical formula is 5.528 g/cm 3 . Fuettererite is uniaxial (–), with calculated indices of refraction of = 2.04 and = 1.97, and is dichroic bluish-green, E 〈 O. Electron microprobe analysis provided: PbO 41.45, CuO 30.35, Al 2 O 3 0.23, TeO 3 12.80, Cl 12.08, H 2 O 3.55 (structure), O=Cl –2.73, total 97.73 wt%. The empirical formula (based on 18 O + Cl apfu) is: Pb 2.88 Cu 5.92 2+ Al 0.07 Te 1.13 6+ O 6.59 (OH) 6.12 Cl 5.29 . The ten strongest powder X-ray diffraction lines are [ d obs in Å ( hkl ) I ]: 6.106 (104) 44, 3.733 (0.0.12) 100, 2.749 (12 $$\overline{1}$$ ) 53, 2.6686 (12 $$\overline{4}$$ ) 49, 2.5289 (12 $$\overline{7}$$ ) 41, 2.2772 (1.2.11) 38, 1.9637 (315, 1.2. $$\overline{16}$$ ) 87, 1.8999 (multiple) 48, 1.5976 (multiple) 40, and 1.5843 (410, 1.2.23, 143) 44. The crystal structure of fuettererite ( R 1 = 0.031 for 971 reflections with F o 〉 4 F ) contains edge-sharing sheets of CuO 5 Cl and TeO 6 octahedra. These sheets are virtually identical to that in the structure of spangolite, but in fuettererite they are linked together to form a double sheet. The double octahedral sheets alternate with thick double layers of PbO 2 Cl 6 polyhedra. The CuO 5 Cl octahedra exhibit pronounced Jahn-Teller distortions and the PbO 2 Cl 6 polyhedron has a lopsided distribution of bond lengths attributable to the localization of the Pb 2+ 6s 2 lone-pair electrons.

Description: Agaite, Pb 3 Cu 2+ Te 6+ O 5 (OH) 2 (CO 3 ), is a new tellurate from the Aga mine on Otto Mountain near Baker, California, U.S.A. The new mineral is known from only one specimen. It occurs on quartz in association with cerussite, Br-rich chlorargyrite, chrysocolla, goethite, khinite, markcooperite, muscovite, phosphohedyphane, timroseite, and wulfenite. It is interpreted as having formed from the partial oxidation of primary sulfides and tellurides during or following brecciation of quartz veins. Agaite is orthorhombic, space group Pca 2 1 , with unit-cell dimensions a = 10.6522(7), b = 9.1630(5), c = 9.6011(7) Å, V = 937.12(11) Å 3 , and Z = 4. Agaite crystals form as blades flattened on {010} and probably elongated on [001], and are up to about 20 μm thick and 200 μm in length. The color is blue, the streak is pale blue, and the luster is adamantine. The Mohs hardness is estimated at between 2 and 3. Agaite is brittle with an irregular fracture and one perfect cleavage on {010}. The calculated density based on the empirical formula is 6.987 g/cm 3 . Agaite is biaxial (–), with calculated indices of refraction of α = 2.015, β = 2.065, and = 2.070°. The measured 2 V is 34(5)° and the optical orientation is X = b , Y = c , and Z = a . It is pleochroic: X = pale blue, Y and Z = blue; X 〈 Y = Z . Electron microprobe analyses (average of 4) provided: PbO 65.91, CuO 7.75, TeO 3 17.41, CO 2 4.33 (structure), H 2 O 1.78 (structure), total 97.18 wt%. The empirical formula (based on 10 O apfu) is: Pb 3.00 Cu 2+ 0.99 Te 6+ 1.01 O 5 (OH) 2 (CO 3 ). The eight strongest powder X-ray diffraction lines are [ d obs in Å (hkl) I]: 4.26 (012) 28, 4.165 (211) 14, 3.303 (022, 310, 221) 100, 2.7472 (131, 203, 312) 68, 2.571 (032, 401, 231) 14, 2.0814 (332, 422) 21, 2.0306 (511) 17, and 1.7468 (multiple) 40. The crystal structure of agaite ( R 1 = 0.033 for 1913 reflections with F o 〉 4 F) contains edge-sharing chains of Cu 2+ O 5 square pyramids and Te 6+ O 6 octahedra parallel to a that are joined by corner-sharing in the c direction, forming a polyhedral sheet parallel to {010}. The polyhedral sheet is very similar to those in the structures of timroseite and paratimroseite. The thick interlayer region contains 8- and 9-coordinated Pb 2+ , as well as CO 3 and OH groups. The Pb coordinations have lopsided distributions of bond lengths attributable to the localization of the Pb 2+ 6s 2 lone-pair electrons.

Description: Bairdite, Pb 2 Cu 4 2+ Te 2 6+ O 10 (OH) 2 (SO 4 )(H 2 O), is a new tellurate-sulfate from Otto Mountain near Baker, California, U.S.A. It occurs in vugs in quartz associated with khinite, cerussite, goethite, and hematite. It is interpreted as having formed from the partial oxidation of primary sulfides and tellurides during or following brecciation of quartz veins. Bairdite is monoclinic, space group P 2 1 / c , with unit-cell dimensions a = 14.3126(10), b = 5.2267(3), c = 9.4878(5) Å, β = 106.815(7)°, V = 679.41(7) Å 3 , and Z = 2. Bairdite occurs as diamond-shaped tabular crystals up to about 250 μm long and 5 μm thick, in subparallel and fan-shaped aggregates. The color is lime green, the streak is pale lime green, and the luster is adamantine. The Mohs hardness is estimated at between 2 and 3. Bairdite is brittle with an irregular fracture and one perfect cleavage on {100}. The calculated density based on the empirical formula is 6.062 g/cm 3 . Bairdite is biaxial (+), with calculated indices of refraction of α = 1.953, β = 1.966, and = 2.039. The measured 2 V is 47(2)°, dispersion is r 〈 v , strong and the optical orientation is Y = b; Z ^ a = 34° in obtuse angle β. The pleochroism is strong: Z (pale green) 〈〈〈 X (green) 〈 Y (green). Electron microprobe analyses (average of 4) provided: PbO 34.22, CaO 0.06, CuO 23.80, TeO 3 26.34, SO 3 5.74, H 2 O 2.81 (structure), total 92.97 wt%. The empirical formula (based on 17 O atoms pfu) is: Pb 2.05 Ca 0.01 Cu 2+ 3.99 Te 6+ 2.00 S 0.96 O 17.00 H 4.16 . The eight strongest powder X-ray diffraction lines are [ d obs in Å ( hkl ) I ]: 4.77 (110,02) 50, 4.522 (002,011,11) 66, 3.48 (multiple) 62, 2.999 (311,11) 97, 2.701 (02,13,13) 79, 2.614 (013,020) 100, 1.727 (multiple) 65, and 1.509 (11,033,324) 83. The crystal structure of bairdite ( R 1 = 0.072 for 1406 reflections with F o 〉 4 F ) contains edge-sharing chains of Te 6+ O 6 and Cu 2+ O 6 octahedra parallel to b that are joined by corner-sharing in the a direction, forming thick stair-step-like hexagonal close packed layers parallel to {100}. The polyhedral sheet has similarities to those in the structures of timroseite and paratimroseite. The thick interlayer region contains PbO 10 polyhedra and half-occupied SO 4 groups. Raman and infrared spectral data are presented.

Description: Eckhardite, (Ca,Pb)Cu 2+ Te 6+ O 5 (H 2 O), is a new tellurate mineral from Otto Mountain near Baker, California, U.S.A. It occurs in vugs in quartz in association with Br-rich chlorargyrite, gold, housleyite, khinite, markcooperite, and ottoite. It is interpreted as having formed from the partial oxidation of primary sulfides and tellurides during or following brecciation of quartz veins. Eckhardite is monoclinic, space group P 2 1 / n , with unit-cell dimensions a = 8.1606(8), b = 5.3076(6), c = 11.4412(15) Å, β = 101.549(7)°, V = 485.52(10) Å 3 , and Z = 4. It forms as needles or blades up to about 150 x 15 x 5 μm in size, typically in radial or sub-radial aggregates, but also as isolated needles. The color is light bluish green and the streak is very pale bluish green. Crystals are transparent with vitreous to subadamantine luster. The Mohs hardness is estimated at between 2 and 3. Eckhardite is brittle with an irregular fracture and one likely (but not observed) cleavage on {101}. The calculated density based on the empirical formula is 4.644 g/cm 3 . The mineral is biaxial (–), with indices of refraction of α = 1. 770 (calc), β = 1.860 (calc), and = 1.895(5). The measured 2 V is 61.2(5)°, dispersion is r 〈 v , perceptible and the optical orientation is Z = b ; X [101]. The pleochroism is: Z (light blue green) 〈 Y (very pale blue green) 〈 X (colorless). The normalized electron microprobe analyses (average of 4) provided: PbO 4.79, CaO 15.90, MgO 0.06, CuO 22.74, Fe 2 O 3 0.06, TeO 3 51.01, H 2 O 5.45 (structure), total 100 wt%. The empirical formula (based on 6 O apfu) is: Ca 0.962 Pb 0.073 Cu 2+ 0.971 Mg 0.005 Fe 3+ 0.002 Te 6+ 0.986 O 6 H 2.052 . The Raman spectrum exhibits prominent features consistent with the mineral being a tellurate, as well as an OH stretching feature confirming a hydrous component. The eight strongest powder X-ray diffraction lines are [ d obs in Å ( hkl ) I ]: 5.94 (101) 100, 3.287 (112) 80, 2.645 (020,13) 89, 2.485 (14,301,014) 48, 2.245 (114,122) 46, 1.809 (223,13,321,04) 40, 1.522 (413,12,421,133) 42, and 1.53 (17,33,06) 43. The crystal structure of eckhardite ( R 1 = 0.046 for 586 reflections with F o 〉 4 F ) consists of stair-step-like octahedral layers of Te 6+ O 6 and Cu 2+ O 6 octahedra parallel to {101}, which are linked in the [10] direction by bonds to interlayer Ca atoms. The structure can be described as a stacking of stepped HCP layers alternating with chains of CaO 7 polyhedra. The structures of bairdite, timroseite, and paratimroseite also contain stair-step-like HCP polyhedral layers.

Description: Rowleyite, $$[\mathrm{Na}{({\mathrm{NH}}_{4},\mathrm{K})}_{9}{\mathrm{Cl}}_{4}]{[{\mathrm{V}}_{2}^{5+,4+}(\mathrm{P},\mathrm{As}){\mathrm{O}}_{8}]}_{6}\cdot n[{\mathrm{H}}_{2}\mathrm{O},\mathrm{Na},{\mathrm{NH}}_{4},\mathrm{K},\mathrm{Cl}]$$ , is a new mineral species from the Rowley mine, Maricopa County, Arizona, U.S.A. It was found in an unusual low-temperature, apparently post-mining suite of phases that include various vanadates, phosphates, oxalates, and chlorides, some containing $${\mathrm{NH}}_{4}^{+}$$ . Other secondary minerals found in association with rowleyite are antipinite, fluorite, mimetite, mottramite, quartz, salammoniac, struvite, vanadinite, willemite, wulfenite, and several other potentially new minerals. Analyzed 13 C values for the antipinite in association with rowleyite are consistent with a bat guano source. Crystals of rowleyite are very dark brownish green (appearing black) truncated octahedra up to about 50 μm in diameter. The streak is brownish green, the luster is vitreous, very thin fragments are transparent. The Mohs hardness is about 2, the tenacity is brittle, fracture is irregular, there is no cleavage, and the measured density is 2.23(2) g/cm 3 . Rowleyite is optically isotropic with n = 1.715(5). Electron microprobe analyses yielded the empirical formula $${[{({\mathrm{NH}}_{4})}_{8.81}{\mathrm{Na}}_{3.54}{\mathrm{K}}_{2.58})}_{\Sigma 14.93}{\mathrm{Cl}}_{6.29}{({\mathrm{H}}_{2}\mathrm{O})}_{16}][{({\mathrm{V}}_{9.36}^{5+}{\mathrm{V}}_{2.64}^{4+})}_{\Sigma 12}{({\mathrm{P}}_{5.28}{\mathrm{As}}_{0.72}^{5+})}_{\Sigma 6}{\mathrm{O}}_{48}]$$ . Raman and infrared spectroscopy confirmed the presence of NH 4 and H 2 O. Rowleyite is cubic, $$Fd\overline{3}m$$ , with a = 31.704(14) Å, V = 31867(42) Å 3 , and Z = 16. The crystal structure of rowleyite ( R 1 = 0.040 for 1218 F o 〉 4 F reflections) contains [V 4 O 16 ] 12+ polyoxovanadate units that link to one another via shared vertices with [(P,As)O 4 ] 3– tetrahedra to form a 3D framework possessing large interconnected channels. The channels contain a 3D ordered [Na(NH 4 ,K) 9 Cl 4 ] 6+ salt net, which apparently served as a template for the formation of the framework. In that respect, rowleyite can be considered a salt-inclusion solid (SIS). The rowleyite framework is among the most porous known.

Description: Ophirite, Ca 2 Mg 4 [Zn 2 Mn 2 3+ (H 2 O) 2 (Fe 3+ W 9 O 34 ) 2 ]·46H 2 O, is a new mineral species from the Ophir Hill Consolidated mine, Ophir district, Oquirrh Mountains, Tooele County, Utah, U.S.A. Crystals of ophirite are orange-brown tablets on {001} with irregular {100} and {110} bounding forms; individual crystals are up to about 1 mm in maximum dimension and possess a pale orange streak. The mineral is transparent, with a vitreous luster; it does not fluoresce in short- or long-wave ultraviolet radiation. Ophirite has a Mohs hardness of approximately 2 and brittle tenacity. No cleavage or parting was observed in the mineral. The fracture is irregular. The density calculated from the empirical formula using the single-crystal cell data is 4.060 g/cm 3 . Ophirite is biaxial (+) with a 2 V angle of 43(2)°. Indices of refraction for ophirite are α = 1.730(3), β = 1.735(3), = 1.770(3)°. The optic orientation (incompletely determined) is Y b 9° and one optic axis is approximately perpendicular to {001}. Dispersion r 〉 v , strong; pleochroism is X = light orange brown, Y = light orange brown, Z = orange brown; X 〈 Y 〈〈 Z . Chemical analyses of ophirite were obtained by electron probe microanalysis; optimization of that analysis using the results of the crystal-structure analysis yielded the formula \[ \begin{array}{l}{({\hbox{ Ca }}_{1.46}{\hbox{ Mg }}_{0.50}{\hbox{ Zn }}_{0.04})}_{\mathrm{\Sigma }2.00}{({\hbox{ Mg }}_{3.96}{\hbox{ Mn }}_{0.04}^{3+})}_{\mathrm{\Sigma }4.00}[{({\hbox{ Zn }}_{1.16}{\hbox{ Fe }}_{0.68}^{3+}{\hbox{ Ca }}_{0.14}{\hbox{ Sb }}_{0.02}^{5+})}_{\mathrm{\Sigma }2.00}{({\hbox{ Mn }}_{1.42}^{3+}{\hbox{ Sb }}_{0.32}^{5+}{\hbox{ Fe }}_{0.24}^{3+}{\hbox{ W }}_{0.02})}_{\mathrm{\Sigma }2.00}\\\relax \{{({\hbox{ H }}_{2}\hbox{ O })}_{2}{[{({\hbox{ Fe }}_{0.80}^{3+}{\hbox{ Sb }}_{0.11}^{5+}{\hbox{ Ca }}_{0.07}{\hbox{ Mg }}_{0.02})}_{\mathrm{\Sigma }1.00}{({\hbox{ W }}_{8.71}{\hbox{ Mn }}_{0.29}^{3+})}_{\mathrm{\Sigma }1.00}]}_{2}\}]\cdot 46{\hbox{ H }}_{2}\hbox{ O };\end{array} \] the simplified formula of ophirite is Ca 2 Mg 4 [Zn 2 Mn 2 3+ (H 2 O) 2 (Fe 3+ W 9 O 34 ) 2 ]·46H 2 O. Ophirite is triclinic, P 1macr;, with a = 11.9860(2), b = 13.2073(2), c = 17.689(1) Å, α = 69.690(5), β = 85.364(6), = 64.875(5)°, V = 2370.35(18) Å 3 , and Z = 1. The strongest four lines in the diffraction pattern are [ d in Å ( I )( hkl )]: 10.169(100)(100,110), 11.33(91)(011,010), 2.992(75)(334,341, 5), and 2.760(55)(412,006, 3 5). The atomic arrangement of ophirite was solved and refined to R 1 = 0.0298 for 9230 independent reflections. The structural unit, ideally { [6] Zn 2 [6] Mn 2 3+ (H 2 O) 2 ( [4] Fe 3+[6] W 9 6+ O 34 ) 2 } 12– , consists of a [Zn 2 Mn 2 3+ (H 2 O) 2 ] octahedral layer sandwiched between opposing heteropolytungstate tri-lacunary ( [4] Fe 3+[6] W 9 6+ O 34 ) Keggin anions. Similar structures with an octahedral layer between two tri-lacunary Keggin anions are known in synthetic phases. Charge balance in the ophirite structure is maintained by the {[Mg(H 2 O) 6 ] 4 [Ca (H 2 O) 6 ] 2 ·10H 2 O} 12+ interstitial unit. The interstitial unit in the structure of ophirite is formed of two distinct Mg(H 2 O) 6 octahedra and a Ca(H 2 O) 6 O 1 polyhedron, as well as five isolated water molecules. The linkage between the structural unit and the interstitial unit results principally from hydrogen bonding between oxygen atoms of the structural unit with hydrogen atoms of the interstitial unit. Ophirite is the first known mineral to contain a lacunary defect derivative of the Keggin anion, a heteropolyanion that is well known in synthetic phases. The new mineral is named ophirite to recognize its discovery at the Ophir Hill Consolidated mine, Ophir District, Oquirrh Mountains, Tooele County, Utah, U.S.A.

Description: Kegginite, Pb 3 Ca 3 [AsV 12 O 40 (VO)]·20H 2 O, is a new mineral species from the Packrat mine, near Gateway, Mesa County, Colorado, U.S.A. It is a secondary mineral found on asphaltum in a montroseite-and corvusite-bearing sandstone. Other secondary minerals found in close association with kegginite are ansermetite, gypsum, mesaite, and sherwoodite. Crystals of kegginite are orange-red simple hexagonal tablets. The streak is pinkish-orange, the luster is vitreous, the Mohs hardness is about 2, the tenacity is brittle, fracture is irregular, cleavage is good on {001}, and the calculated density is 2.69 g/cm 3 . Kegginite is optically uniaxial (–) with pleochroism: O orange-red and E red-orange; E 〈 O . Electron microprobe analyses yielded the empirical formula Pb 2.98 Ca 2.39 Mg 0.56 V 13.05 As 0.95 O 61 H 40.15 . Kegginite is trigonal, $$P\overline{3}$$ , with a = 14.936(5), c = 15.846(5) Å, V = 3061(2) Å 3 , and Z = 2. The crystal structure of kegginite ( R 1 = 0.064 for 1356 F o 〉 4 F reflections) contains a $${[{\mathrm{As}}^{5+}{\mathrm{V}}_{12}^{5+}{\mathrm{O}}_{40}(\mathrm{VO})]}^{12-}$$ polyoxometalate cluster, which is a mono-capped Keggin -isomer.