Note: Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Table of Contents -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- Editors' Biography -- List of Contributors -- Chapter 1 Characterization and Mapping of Soils for Sustainable Management Using Geospatial Techniques -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Materials and Methods -- 1.2.1 Study Area -- 1.2.2 Geology -- 1.2.3 Preparation of Base Maps -- 1.2.4 Ground-Truth Verification -- 1.2.5 Soil Sampling and Analysis -- 1.2.6 Soil Classification -- 1.2.7 Development of Soil Mapping Legend -- 1.2.8 Land Evaluation -- 1.3 Results and Discussion -- 1.3.1 Landform Delineation -- 1.3.2 Land-Use/Land Cover -- 1.3.3 Landform and Landscape Ecological Units (LEUs) -- 1.3.4 Soil-Landform Relationship -- 1.3.5 Soil Mapping -- 1.3.6 Soil Survey Interpretation -- 1.3.7 Surface Texture -- 1.3.8 Drainage -- 1.3.9 Soil Reaction (pH) -- 1.3.10 Organic Carbon -- 1.3.11 Available Nitrogen -- 1.3.12 Available Phosphorous -- 1.4 Available Potassium -- 1.5 Land Capability Classification -- 1.6 Soil Suitability for Crops -- 1.7 Recommendation -- 1.8 Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 2 Sustainable Biodiversity Conservation in Tribal Area -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Tribes Role in Indigenous Botanical Knowledge (IBK) -- 2.3 Tribes Ethno Botany and Traditional Practices -- 2.4 Tribes Relationship with Flora Protection -- 2.5 Ethnic and Aboriginal Peoples' Role in Conservation -- 2.6 Tribal Relationship with Fauna -- 2.7 Tribes Role in Conservation of Insects -- 2.8 Tribes of Southern Indian -- 2.9 North Eastern Tribes -- 2.10 Tribes Association in Protecting Nature -- 2.11 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 3 Soil Bioengineering Practices for Sustainable Ecosystem Restoration in Landslide-Affected Areas -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Ecosystem Deterioration and Need to Replenish -- 3.2.1 Evaluating the Area. , 3.2.2 Identifying Project Goals -- 3.2.3 Identifying and Removing Sources of Disturbance -- 3.2.4 Restoring Technologies -- 3.2.5 Substrates Rehabilitation -- 3.2.6 Vegetation Restoration -- 3.2.7 Monitoring and Maintenance -- 3.3 Landslides and Ecology Deterioration -- 3.4 Landslide Restoration -- 3.5 Landslide Restoration: Losses Incurred Directly vs. Indirectly -- 3.6 Landslide-Associated Problems and Their Mitigation & -- Management Measures -- 3.7 Bioengineering Strategy in Landslide Risk Mitigation -- 3.8 Application -- 3.9 Participation of the Social Environment in the Application and Succession of Soil Bioengineering -- 3.9.1 Seedlings -- 3.9.2 Bare Root Planting -- 3.9.3 Live Stakes -- 3.9.4 Contour Wattling -- 3.9.5 Brush Layer -- 3.9.6 Trench Packing -- 3.9.7 Brush Matting -- 3.9.8 Live Cuttings -- 3.9.9 Coir Fascines -- 3.9.10 Pre-Vegetated Mats -- 3.10 Slope Stability and Ecosystem Restoration -- 3.11 Native Species in Ecosystem Regeneration -- 3.12 Barrier to Ecological Restoration of Landslides -- 3.13 Indigenous People and their Support -- 3.14 Indigenous Knowledge in Ecosystem Restoration -- 3.15 Selection of Potential Indigenous Plants Based on Their Soil Reinforcement and Anchoring Capabilities -- 3.16 Recommendations -- 3.17 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 4 Sustainable Ecosystem Development and Landscaping for Urban and Peri-Urban Areas -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Landscapes -- 4.2.1 Urban Landscape -- 4.2.2 Peri-Urban Landscape -- 4.3 Challenges -- 4.3.1 Role of Horticulture -- 4.3.2 Impact of Urbanization on Plant Life in Riparian Areas -- 4.3.3 Issues in Urban Ecology -- 4.3.4 Urban Ecology from a Landscape Perspective -- 4.3.5 Parks and Public Green Space -- 4.3.6 Multiple Benefits of Vegetated Land Cover to Health and Well-being -- 4.3.7 Plant Resources for Building the Urban Environments. , 4.3.8 Some of the Main Problems Confronting Urban Plants Include -- 4.3.9 Exotic Species in Urban/Peri-Urban Lanscaping -- 4.3.10 Role of Evergreen Plant in Urban/Peri-urban Landscaping -- 4.4 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 5 Climate Change Impact of Fluoride Contamination on Human Health in Dry Zone of Sri Lanka -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Study Area -- 5.3 Climate Change and Fluoride Contamination in Groundwater -- 5.4 Groundwater Resources and Climate Change in Sri Lanka -- 5.5 Fluoride Contamination & -- Health Issues in Dry Zone Sri Lanka -- 5.6 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 6 Application of Geospatial Technology in Catchment Modeling Using SCS-CN Method for Estimating the Direct Runoff on Barakar River Basin, Jharkhand -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Study Area -- 6.3 Materials and Methods -- 6.3.1 Data Sources -- 6.4 SCS-CN Method -- 6.4.1 Estimation of S -- 6.4.2 Determination of CN -- 6.4.3 Selection of CN -- 6.5 Methodology -- 6.6 Results and Discussion -- 6.6.1 Watershed Delineation -- 6.6.2 Landuse-Landcover Map -- 6.6.3 Soil Map -- 6.6.4 Soil Landuse Vegetation Complex (SLV) Map -- 6.6.5 Curve Number (CN) and Weighted Curve Number (WCN) Values -- 6.7 Antecedent Moisture Conditions, CN I and CN III Values -- 6.8 Potential Maximum Retention (S) and Runoff Depth (Q) -- 6.9 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 7 Hydro-Geospatial Investigation to Propose Water Conservation Sites for Water Management in Limestone Terrain -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Study Area -- 7.2.1 Location -- 7.2.2 Climate -- 7.2.3 Geology -- 7.2.4 Lineament -- 7.2.5 Geomorphology -- 7.2.6 Drainage -- 7.2.7 Land use/Land Cover -- 7.2.8 Soils -- 7.2.9 Slope -- 7.3 Materials and Methods -- 7.4 Results and Discussion -- 7.5 Lithology -- 7.6 Lineament Density -- 7.7 Geomorphology -- 7.8 Drainage Density -- 7.9 Rainfall -- 7.10 Land Use/Land Cover (LULC) -- 7.11 Slope. , 7.12 Soil -- 7.13 Terrain Wetness Index (TWI) -- 7.14 Validation -- 7.15 Conclusion -- 7.15.1 Proposed Artificial Recharge Structure -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 8 Rainfall Spatiotemporal Variability and Trends in the Semi-Arid Ecological Zone of Nigeria -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Study Area -- 8.3 Materials and Methods -- 8.3.1 Data Sources -- 8.3.2 Trend and Variability Detection -- 8.3.3 Spatial Interpolation -- 8.4 Results and Discussion -- 8.5 Rainfall Characteristics -- 8.5.1 Statistical Overview of Rainfall Climatology -- 8.5.2 Rainfall Variability and Anomaly Patterns -- 8.6 Annual, Interannual, and Monthly Trends -- 8.7 Trends Detection Based on the WMO Standardized Period -- 8.8 Implications for Agriculture and Water Ecosystem Services -- 8.9 Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 9 Climate Change Awareness, Perception, and Adaptation Strategies for Small and Marginal Farmers in Yobe State, Nigeria -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Materials and Methods -- 9.3 Study Area -- 9.4 Data Compilation Techniques -- 9.5 Sampling Procedures -- 9.6 Analysis of Data -- 9.7 Results and Discussion -- 9.7.1 The Socio-economic and Institutional Characteristics of Respondents -- 9.7.2 Farmers' Awareness of Changes in Climate Parameters -- 9.7.3 Climate Change Information for Farmers -- 9.8 Climate Change and Farmers' Perceptions -- 9.9 Factors that Influence Farmers' Perceptions of Climate Change -- 9.10 Farmers' Climate Change Adaptation -- 9.11 Constraints Facing Farmers as a Result of Climate Change -- 9.12 Conclusion and Recommendation -- Acknowledgment -- References -- Chapter 10 Delineation of Groundwater Prospect Zones based on Earth Observation Data and AHP Modeling - A Study from Basaltic Rock Formation -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Study Area Description -- 10.3 Materials and Methods -- 10.3.1 Used Datasets. , 10.3.2 Methodology -- 10.3.3 AHP Method and Weight Normalization -- 10.3.4 Weighted Overlay Analysis (WOA) -- 10.3.5 Groundwater Fluctuation -- 10.3.6 Accuracy Assessment -- 10.4 Results and Discussion -- 10.4.1 LULC -- 10.4.2 Landforms and Geomorphological Features -- 10.4.3 Lineament Density -- 10.4.4 Drainage Map -- 10.4.5 Groundwater Fluctuation -- 10.4.6 Geology -- 10.4.7 Slope -- 10.4.8 Soil -- 10.4.9 Rainfall -- 10.5 Groundwater Prospective Zone Mapping -- 10.6 Validation -- 10.7 Conclusion -- Conflict of Interest -- References -- Chapter 11 Hydro-geochemical Evaluation of Phreatic Groundwater for Assessing Drinking and Irrigation Appropriateness - A Case Study of Chandrapur Watershed -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Fluorite (CaF2 ) Mineralization in Geological Environment -- 11.2.1 Physical Characteristics of Fluorite (CAF2 ) -- 11.2.2 High Concentration of F in Groundwater -- 11.2.3 Genesis of Fluorite (CaF2 ) Mineralization in Study Area -- 11.3 Study Area Details -- 11.4 Materials and Methods -- 11.5 Physicochemical Characteristics of Groundwater -- 11.5.1 Physical Parameters -- 11.5.2 Cation-Anion Chemistry -- 11.5.3 Rock-Water Interaction -- 11.6 Discussion on Groundwater Appropriateness -- 11.6.1 Drinking and General Domestic Use -- 11.6.2 Irrigation Use -- 11.7 F-Contents from Study Area -- 11.8 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 12 Variability of Ground Water Quality in Quaternary Aquifers of the Cauvery and Vennar Sub-basins within the Cauvery Delta, Southern India -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Materials and Methods -- 12.2.1 Study Area -- 12.2.2 Geology and Hydrogeology -- 12.2.3 Groundwater Sampling and Laboratory Analysis -- 12.2.4 Drinking Water Quality -- 12.3 Results and Discussion -- 12.4 Drinking Water Quality -- 12.4.1 pH -- 12.4.2 Electrical Conductivity -- 12.4.3 Total Dissolved Solids -- 12.4.4 Total Hardness. , 12.4.5 Calcium.