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  • 1
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    Recombination, decreased host specificity and increased mobility may have driven the emergence of maize streak virus as an agricultural pathogen
    Microbiology Society ; 2008
    In:  Journal of General Virology Vol. 89, No. 9 ( 2008-09-01), p. 2063-2074
    Details
    In: Journal of General Virology, Microbiology Society, Vol. 89, No. 9 ( 2008-09-01), p. 2063-2074
    Abstract: Maize streak virus (MSV; family Geminiviridae , genus Mastrevirus ), the causal agent of maize streak disease, ranks amongst the most serious biological threats to food security in subSaharan Africa. Although five distinct MSV strains have been currently described, only one of these – MSV-A – causes severe disease in maize. Due primarily to their not being an obvious threat to agriculture, very little is known about the ‘grass-adapted’ MSV strains, MSV-B, -C, -D and -E. Since comparing the genetic diversities, geographical distributions and natural host ranges of MSV-A with the other MSV strains could provide valuable information on the epidemiology, evolution and emergence of MSV-A, we carried out a phylogeographical analysis of MSVs found in uncultivated indigenous African grasses. Amongst the 83 new MSV genomes presented here, we report the discovery of six new MSV strains (MSV-F to -K). The non-random recombination breakpoint distributions detectable with these and other available mastrevirus sequences partially mirror those seen in begomoviruses, implying that the forces shaping these breakpoint patterns have been largely conserved since the earliest geminivirus ancestors. We present evidence that the ancestor of all MSV-A variants was the recombinant progeny of ancestral MSV-B and MSV-G/-F variants. While it remains unknown whether recombination influenced the emergence of MSV-A in maize, our discovery that MSV-A variants may both move between and become established in different regions of Africa with greater ease, and infect more grass species than other MSV strains, goes some way towards explaining why MSV-A is such a successful maize pathogen.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-1317 , 1465-2099
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.2008/003590-0
    RVK:
    XA 53770
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Microbiology Society
    Publication Date: 2008
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2007065-2
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  • 2
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    Dating the origins of the maize-adapted strain of maize streak virus, MSV-A
    Microbiology Society ; 2009
    In:  Journal of General Virology Vol. 90, No. 12 ( 2009-12-01), p. 3066-3074
    Details
    In: Journal of General Virology, Microbiology Society, Vol. 90, No. 12 ( 2009-12-01), p. 3066-3074
    Abstract: Maize streak virus (MSV), which causes maize streak disease (MSD), is one of the most serious biotic threats to African food security. Here, we use whole MSV genomes sampled over 30 years to estimate the dates of key evolutionary events in the 500 year association of MSV and maize. The substitution rates implied by our analyses agree closely with those estimated previously in controlled MSV evolution experiments, and we use them to infer the date when the maize-adapted strain, MSV-A, was generated by recombination between two grass-adapted MSV strains. Our results indicate that this recombination event occurred in the mid-1800s, ∼20 years before the first credible reports of MSD in South Africa and centuries after the introduction of maize to the continent in the early 1500s. This suggests a causal link between MSV recombination and the emergence of MSV-A as a serious pathogen of maize.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-1317 , 1465-2099
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.015537-0
    RVK:
    XA 53770
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Microbiology Society
    Publication Date: 2009
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2007065-2
    SSG: 12
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  • 3
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    Evidence of ancient papillomavirus recombination
    Microbiology Society ; 2006
    In:  Journal of General Virology Vol. 87, No. 9 ( 2006-09-01), p. 2527-2531
    Details
    In: Journal of General Virology, Microbiology Society, Vol. 87, No. 9 ( 2006-09-01), p. 2527-2531
    Abstract: An open question amongst papillomavirus taxonomists is whether recombination has featured in the evolutionary history of these viruses. Since the onset of the global AIDS epidemic, the question is somewhat less academic, because immune-compromised human immunodeficiency virus patients are often co-infected with extraordinarily diverse mixtures of human papillomavirus (HPV) types. It is expected that these conditions may facilitate the emergence of HPV recombinants, some of which might have novel pathogenic properties. Here, a range of rigorous analyses is applied to full-genome sequences of papillomaviruses to provide convincing statistical and phylogenetic evidence that evolutionarily relevant papillomavirus recombination can occur.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-1317 , 1465-2099
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.81917-0
    RVK:
    XA 53770
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Microbiology Society
    Publication Date: 2006
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2007065-2
    SSG: 12
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  • 4
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    Inhibition of maize streak virus (MSV) replication by transient and transgenic expression of MSV replication-associated protein mutants
    Microbiology Society ; 2007
    In:  Journal of General Virology Vol. 88, No. 1 ( 2007-01-01), p. 325-336
    Details
    In: Journal of General Virology, Microbiology Society, Vol. 88, No. 1 ( 2007-01-01), p. 325-336
    Abstract: Maize streak disease is a severe agricultural problem in Africa and the development of maize genotypes resistant to the causal agent, Maize streak virus (MSV), is a priority. A transgenic approach to engineering MSV-resistant maize was developed and tested in this study. A pathogen-derived resistance strategy was adopted by using targeted deletions and nucleotide-substitution mutants of the multifunctional MSV replication-associated protein gene ( rep ). Various rep gene constructs were tested for their efficacy in limiting replication of wild-type MSV by co-bombardment of maize suspension cells together with an infectious genomic clone of MSV and assaying replicative forms of DNA by quantitative PCR. Digitaria sanguinalis , an MSV-sensitive grass species used as a model monocot, was then transformed with constructs that had inhibited virus replication in the transient-expression system. Challenge experiments using leafhopper-transmitted MSV indicated significant MSV resistance – from highly resistant to immune – in regenerated transgenic D. sanguinalis lines. Whereas regenerated lines containing a mutated full-length rep gene displayed developmental and growth defects, those containing a truncated rep gene both were fertile and displayed no growth defects, making the truncated gene a suitable candidate for the development of transgenic MSV-resistant maize.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-1317 , 1465-2099
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.82338-0
    RVK:
    XA 53770
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Microbiology Society
    Publication Date: 2007
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2007065-2
    SSG: 12
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  • 5
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    Genetic analysis of maize streak virus isolates from Uganda reveals widespread distribution of a recombinant variant
    Microbiology Society ; 2007
    In:  Journal of General Virology Vol. 88, No. 11 ( 2007-11-01), p. 3154-3165
    Details
    In: Journal of General Virology, Microbiology Society, Vol. 88, No. 11 ( 2007-11-01), p. 3154-3165
    Abstract: Maize streak virus (MSV) contributes significantly to the problem of extremely low African maize yields. Whilst a diverse range of MSV and MSV-like viruses are endemic in sub-Saharan Africa and neighbouring islands, only a single group of maize-adapted variants – MSV subtypes A 1 –A 6 – causes severe enough disease in maize to influence yields substantially. In order to assist in designing effective strategies to control MSV in maize, a large survey covering 155 locations was conducted to assess the diversity, distribution and genetic characteristics of the Ugandan MSV-A population. PCR–restriction fragment-length polymorphism analyses of 391 virus isolates identified 49 genetic variants. Sixty-two full-genome sequences were determined, 52 of which were detectably recombinant. All but two recombinants contained predominantly MSV-A 1 -like sequences. Of the ten distinct recombination events observed, seven involved inter-MSV-A subtype recombination and three involved intra-MSV-A 1 recombination. One of the intra-MSV-A 1 recombinants, designated MSV-A 1 UgIII, accounted for 〉 60 % of all MSV infections sampled throughout Uganda. Although recombination may be an important factor in the emergence of novel geminivirus variants, it is demonstrated that its characteristics in MSV are quite different from those observed in related African cassava-infecting geminivirus species.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-1317 , 1465-2099
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.83144-0
    RVK:
    XA 53770
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Microbiology Society
    Publication Date: 2007
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2007065-2
    SSG: 12
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  • 6
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    A three-nucleotide mutation altering the Maize streak virus Rep pRBR-interaction motif reduces symptom severity in maize and partially reverts at high frequency without restoring pRBR–Rep binding
    Microbiology Society ; 2005
    In:  Journal of General Virology Vol. 86, No. 3 ( 2005-03-01), p. 803-813
    Details
    In: Journal of General Virology, Microbiology Society, Vol. 86, No. 3 ( 2005-03-01), p. 803-813
    Abstract: Geminivirus infectivity is thought to depend on interactions between the virus replication-associated proteins Rep or RepA and host retinoblastoma-related proteins (pRBR), which control cell-cycle progression. It was determined that the substitution of two amino acids in the Maize streak virus (MSV) RepA pRBR-interaction motif (LLCNE to LLCLK) abolished detectable RepA–pRBR interaction in yeast without abolishing infectivity in maize. Although the mutant virus was infectious in maize, it induced less severe symptoms than the wild-type virus. Sequence analysis of progeny viral DNA isolated from infected maize enabled detection of a high-frequency single-nucleotide reversion of C(601)A in the 3 nt mutated sequence of the Rep gene. Although it did not restore RepA–pRBR interaction in yeast, sequence-specific PCR showed that, in five out of eight plants, the C(601)A reversion appeared by day 10 post-inoculation. In all plants, the C(601)A revertant eventually completely replaced the original mutant population, indicating a high selection pressure for the single-nucleotide reversion. Apart from potentially revealing an alternative or possibly additional function for the stretch of DNA that encodes the apparently non-essential pRBR-interaction motif of MSV Rep, the consistent emergence and eventual dominance of the C(601)A revertant population might provide a useful tool for investigating aspects of MSV biology, such as replication, mutation and evolution rates, and complex population phenomena, such as competition between quasispecies and population turnover.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-1317 , 1465-2099
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.80694-0
    RVK:
    XA 53770
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Microbiology Society
    Publication Date: 2005
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2007065-2
    SSG: 12
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  • 7
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    Rapid host adaptation by extensive recombination
    Microbiology Society ; 2009
    In:  Journal of General Virology Vol. 90, No. 3 ( 2009-03-01), p. 734-746
    Details
    In: Journal of General Virology, Microbiology Society, Vol. 90, No. 3 ( 2009-03-01), p. 734-746
    Abstract: Experimental investigations into virus recombination can provide valuable insights into the biochemical mechanisms and the evolutionary value of this fundamental biological process. Here, we describe an experimental scheme for studying recombination that should be applicable to any recombinogenic viruses amenable to the production of synthetic infectious genomes. Our approach is based on differences in fitness that generally exist between synthetic chimaeric genomes and the wild-type viruses from which they are constructed. In mixed infections of defective reciprocal chimaeras, selection strongly favours recombinant progeny genomes that recover a portion of wild-type fitness. Characterizing these evolved progeny viruses can highlight both important genetic fitness determinants and the contribution that recombination makes to the evolution of their natural relatives. Moreover, these experiments supply precise information about the frequency and distribution of recombination breakpoints, which can shed light on the mechanistic processes underlying recombination. We demonstrate the value of this approach using the small single-stranded DNA geminivirus, maize streak virus (MSV). Our results show that adaptive recombination in this virus is extremely efficient and can yield complex progeny genomes comprising up to 18 recombination breakpoints. The patterns of recombination that we observe strongly imply that the mechanistic processes underlying rolling circle replication are the prime determinants of recombination breakpoint distributions found in MSV genomes sampled from nature.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-1317 , 1465-2099
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.007724-0
    RVK:
    XA 53770
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Microbiology Society
    Publication Date: 2009
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2007065-2
    SSG: 12
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  • 8
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    A rep-based hairpin inhibits replication of diverse maize streak virus isolates in a transient assay
    Microbiology Society ; 2011
    In:  Journal of General Virology Vol. 92, No. 10 ( 2011-10-01), p. 2458-2465
    Details
    In: Journal of General Virology, Microbiology Society, Vol. 92, No. 10 ( 2011-10-01), p. 2458-2465
    Abstract: Maize streak disease, caused by the A strain of the African endemic geminivirus, maize streak mastrevirus (MSV-A), threatens the food security and livelihoods of subsistence farmers throughout sub-Saharan Africa. Using a well-established transient expression assay, this study investigated the potential of a spliceable-intron hairpin RNA (hpRNA) approach to interfere with MSV replication. Two strategies were explored: (i) an inverted repeat of a 662 bp region of the MSV replication-associated protein gene ( rep ), which is essential for virus replication and is therefore a good target for post-transcriptional gene silencing; and (ii) an inverted repeat of the viral long intergenic region (LIR), considered for its potential to trigger transcriptional silencing of the viral promoter region. After co-bombardment of cultured maize cells with each construct and an infectious partial dimer of the cognate virus genome (MSV-Kom), followed by viral replicative-form-specific PCR, it was clear that, whilst the hairpin rep construct (pHP rep ΔI 662 ) completely inhibited MSV replication, the LIR hairpin construct was ineffective in this regard. In addition, pHP rep ΔI 662 inhibited or reduced replication of six MSV-A genotypes representing the entire breadth of known MSV-A diversity. Further investigation by real-time PCR revealed that the pHP rep ΔI 662 inverted repeat was 22-fold more effective at reducing virus replication than a construct containing the sense copy, whilst the antisense copy had no effect on replication when compared with the wild type. This is the first indication that an hpRNA strategy targeting MSV rep has the potential to protect transgenic maize against diverse MSV-A genotypes found throughout sub-Saharan Africa.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-1317 , 1465-2099
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.032862-0
    RVK:
    XA 53770
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Microbiology Society
    Publication Date: 2011
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2007065-2
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  • 9
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    ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Geminiviridae 2021 : This article is part of the ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profiles collection.
    Microbiology Society ; 2021
    In:  Journal of General Virology Vol. 102, No. 12 ( 2021-12-23)
    Details
    In: Journal of General Virology, Microbiology Society, Vol. 102, No. 12 ( 2021-12-23)
    Abstract: The family Geminiviridae includes viruses with mono- or bipartite single-stranded, circular DNA genomes of 2.5–5.2 kb. They cause economically important diseases in most tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Geminiviruses infect dicot and monocot plants and are transmitted by insect vectors. DNA satellites are associated with some geminiviruses. This is a summary of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) Report on the family Geminiviridae which is available at ictv.global/report/geminiviridae .
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-1317 , 1465-2099
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001696
    RVK:
    XA 53770
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Microbiology Society
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2007065-2
    SSG: 12
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  • 10
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    Genome diversity and evidence of recombination and reassortment in nanoviruses from Europe
    Microbiology Society ; 2014
    In:  Journal of General Virology Vol. 95, No. 5 ( 2014-05-01), p. 1178-1191
    Details
    In: Journal of General Virology, Microbiology Society, Vol. 95, No. 5 ( 2014-05-01), p. 1178-1191
    Abstract: The recent identification of a new nanovirus, pea necrotic yellow dwarf virus, from pea in Germany prompted us to survey wild and cultivated legumes for nanovirus infections in several European countries. This led to the identification of two new nanoviruses: black medic leaf roll virus (BMLRV) and pea yellow stunt virus (PYSV), each considered a putative new species. The complete genomes of a PYSV isolate from Austria and three BMLRV isolates from Austria, Azerbaijan and Sweden were sequenced. In addition, the genomes of five isolates of faba bean necrotic yellows virus (FBNYV) from Azerbaijan and Spain and those of four faba bean necrotic stunt virus (FBNSV) isolates from Azerbaijan were completely sequenced, leading to the first identification of FBNSV occurring in Europe. Sequence analyses uncovered evolutionary relationships, extensive reassortment and potential remnants of mixed nanovirus infections, as well as intra- and intercomponent recombination events within the nanovirus genomes. In some virus isolates, diverse types of the same genome component (paralogues) were observed, a type of genome complexity not described previously for any member of the family Nanoviridae . Moreover, infectious and aphid-transmissible nanoviruses from cloned genomic DNAs of FBNYV and BMLRV were reconstituted that, for the first time, allow experimental reassortments for studying the genome functions and evolution of these nanoviruses.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-1317 , 1465-2099
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.063115-0
    RVK:
    XA 53770
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Microbiology Society
    Publication Date: 2014
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2007065-2
    SSG: 12
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