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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Clinical and bacteriological profile of urinary tract infection in children at a tertiary care hospital
    Medip Academy ; 2021
    In:  International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics Vol. 9, No. 1 ( 2021-12-24), p. 1-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics, Medip Academy, Vol. 9, No. 1 ( 2021-12-24), p. 1-
    Abstract: Background: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is common in children and is an important cause of morbidity. UTI at young age can lead to renal injury and scarring, and ultimately lead to end stage renal disease in adulthood. Aim of the study The objectives of this study were to study the clinical and bacteriological profile of UTI in children.Methods: This prospective study was done in Sher-E-Bangla medical college hospital, Barishal from January 2018 to July 2019. A urine sample was included in our dataset if it demonstrated pure growth of a single organism and accompanying antimicrobial susceptibility and subject demographic data were available.Result: UTI was more common in female (70.0%) than in male (33.0%). Half were in the age group 1-5 years. Fever was the most common presentation (64.0%) followed by abdominal pain (42.0%), dysuria /increased frequency (34%), decreased appetite (28%). Escherichia coli was the most common (64%) bacterial isolate followed by Klebsiella sp. (20.0%) and Proteus sp. (14.0%). E. coli was highly sensitive to ofloxacin, cefotaxime and amikacin (94.0%). Klebsiella was 100% sensitive to ciprofloxacin and amikacin. Greater degree of resistance was seen to ampicillin, cotrimoxazole and nalidixic acid.Conclusions: Though various microorganisms are responsible for UTI in children, E. coli is the most common causative agent. Antimicrobial resistance has already emerged against many antibiotics, making empiric treatment of these infections challenging.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2349-3291 , 2349-3283
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20214785
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Medip Academy
    Publication Date: 2021
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Factors affecting internet use among university students in Sarawak, Malaysia: an empirical study
    Medip Academy ; 2020
    In:  International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health Vol. 7, No. 3 ( 2020-02-27), p. 848-
    Details
    In: International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health, Medip Academy, Vol. 7, No. 3 ( 2020-02-27), p. 848-
    Abstract: Background: The internet has become an indispensable tool for communication, academic research, information and entertainment. However, heavy users of the internet lead to less confidence in social skills and the tendency to be isolated. The study aimed to assess the pattern of internet use and factors affecting problematic internet use among university students.Methods: This cross-sectional study conducted among the students of a university in Sarawak, Malaysia. A multistage cluster sampling technique was adapted to select the participants. Data were collected from 463 students by self-administered questionnaire. Hierarchical binary logistic regression analysis was done to determine the potential factors for problematic internet use.Results: The mean age of the students was 22 years, with a standard deviation of 1.6 years. Two-fifths (61.8%) of the students had no problematic internet use. However, 35.4% had moderate and 2.8% had severe problematic internet use. Hierarchical binary logistic regression analysis found that age of the students, year of study, duration of daily internet use and use of social networking like Skype appeared to be potential predictors of problematic internet use (p 〈 0.05).Conclusions: This study was conducted in only one university, thus did not depict the overall scenarios of the country. The implications of the findings are still worth noting in the process of designing internet addiction studies among university students. Overall, this study has unearthed some useful insights which can serve as a guide to more elaborate studies.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2394-6040 , 2394-6032
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20200933
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Medip Academy
    Publication Date: 2020
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Diagnostic accuracy of computed tomography scan in renal cell carcinoma
    Medip Academy ; 2023
    In:  International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences Vol. 11, No. 6 ( 2023-05-29), p. 1895-1899
    Details
    In: International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences, Medip Academy, Vol. 11, No. 6 ( 2023-05-29), p. 1895-1899
    Abstract: Background: Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is becoming more common over the world. At the same time, numerous European and North American countries have achieved lower death rates. Methods: This cross-sectional observational study was conducted from July 2013 to June 2014 in the department of radiology and imaging of Dhaka Medical College Hospital. Clinically suspected 50 cases of renal cell carcinoma were included in this study. The study taken ethical clearance from the department and consent from the respondents. Statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) software used for the analysis. Results: The mean age of the patients was 50.08±13.04 years. Male to female ratio was 2.1. More than half of the cases had hypodense lesion while 28% patients had calcification in the lesion. Mild enhancement was found in 56% cases and 50% were heterogenous in nature. Both nodal involvement and metastasis were limited. Computed tomography (CT) scan had 97.73% sensitivity and 100% specificity in diagnosis RCC. The diagnostic accuracy, positive predicative value and negative predicative values were 98%, 100% and 85.7 respectively. Conclusions: CT scan is a useful diagnostic modality in diagnosis of renal cell carcinoma.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2320-6012 , 2320-6071
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20231598
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Medip Academy
    Publication Date: 2023
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Risk perception and coping strategy taken by flood victims in Kuching division, Sarawak, Malaysia
    Medip Academy ; 2021
    In:  International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences Vol. 9, No. 9 ( 2021-08-25), p. 2593-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences, Medip Academy, Vol. 9, No. 9 ( 2021-08-25), p. 2593-
    Abstract: Background: Nine per cent of the total areas of Malaysia is subjected to flood. The individual’s risk perception is one of the fundamental values in determining the subsequent behaviour, action, coping mechanism and effective strategy towards possible risk. Thus, this study aims to determine the risk perception and coping strategy among the flood victims in Kuching, Sarawak, and its factors.Methods: The 200 respondents were systematically selected from three districts in Kuching division, Sarawak. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews using interviewer-administered questionnaire.Results: The analysis revealed that about three-fifths (72.5%) of the respondents were inundated last year. The most definite perceptions of risk by the flood victims were a physical health risk, followed by the capacity to mitigate flood and the perception of the social consequences. The respondents had a moderate (score of 4 to 6) to good (score of 7 to 9) level of coping strategy, which was influenced by ethnicity and level of education (p 〈 0.05).Conclusions: Though the flood risk perception was good, it needs to go hand-in-hand with the coping measures to minimise flood impact. The planning for flood-related health programs and activities should be more community-centred by assigning villagers and the vulnerable group as committee members. 
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2320-6012 , 2320-6071
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20213398
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Medip Academy
    Publication Date: 2021
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    True-false analysis reveals inherent flaws in multiple true-false tests
    Medip Academy ; 2019
    In:  International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health Vol. 6, No. 10 ( 2019-09-26), p. 4204-
    Details
    In: International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health, Medip Academy, Vol. 6, No. 10 ( 2019-09-26), p. 4204-
    Abstract: Background: Multiple true-false tests (MTF), a component of our assessment system, have consistently generated low scores and many failures. This was attributed to the negative marking scheme. However, no study was conducted to explore the issue further. Item analysis revealed that students omitted false options more frequently and answered them wrongly more frequently than true options. The aim of this study was to determine the performance discrepancy between true and false options of MTF tests and the reasons for such discrepancy and the poor performance of MTF in general.Methods: The student performance of past 7 years of year-3 medicine end-of-posting examinations was analysed. The item analysis reports of 23 MTF tests were used to determine the significance of the differences in omission rates, correct-answer rates and the discrimination index of true and false options.Results: There were statistically significant differences in the omission rates, correct-answer rates and discrimination index values of true and false options. This study revealed that the false options consistently let down student performance. Although negative marking could be partly blamed for the situation, no justification could be found for the use of false options to test knowledge.Conclusions: Some publications endorse MTF, but many highlight its drawbacks. The use of false options in MTF was seen as an inherent defect in this instrument. As viable alternatives like VSAQ and Constructed Response Tests are in the horizon, we conclude that MTF ought to be discarded as an assessment instrument.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2394-6040 , 2394-6032
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20194476
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Medip Academy
    Publication Date: 2019
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Catastrophic health expenditure: a community-based study in Sarawak, Malaysia
    Medip Academy ; 2021
    In:  International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health Vol. 8, No. 9 ( 2021-08-27), p. 4182-
    Details
    In: International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health, Medip Academy, Vol. 8, No. 9 ( 2021-08-27), p. 4182-
    Abstract: Background: Accessing health services can lead to individuals having to pay catastrophic proportions of their available income and push many households into poverty.  The aim of the study was to estimate the catastrophic health expenditure in respect of household expenditure and to determine the factors affecting it in Sarawak, Malaysia.Methods: We collected household expenses based on a recall period of one month through a face-to-face interview. We calculated the catastrophic health expenditure in terms of 10% of household expenditure and 40% of the capacity to pay. A binary logistic regression analysis was done to determine the factors associated with catastrophic health expenditure. Data analysis was done by IBM SPSS version 27.0.  Results: The analysis revealed that one-quarter (25.7%) of the household expenditure was on food, equivalent to MYR 373.562, and 18.83% of the total household expenditure was on health (MYR 292.83). About two-fifths (37.4%) of the households had incurred catastrophic health expenditure on 10% of household consumption and 15.6% catastrophic health expenditure on 40% of household expenditure. Multivariate analysis with forward and backward linear regression methods revealed that age, gender, family size, socioeconomic status, and chronic illness appeared to be potential predictors of 10% catastrophic health expenditure (p 〈 0.05). In contrast, socioeconomic status and level of education appeared to be potential predictors for 40% catastrophic health expenditure (p 〈 0.05).Conclusions: Subsidised health care may not protect against the occurrence of catastrophic health expenditure among the household in the lower socioeconomic status. Family size and age also could affect household catastrophic health expenditure.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2394-6040 , 2394-6032
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20213516
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Medip Academy
    Publication Date: 2021
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Challenges of online and face-to-face learning and its relationship with learner’s motivation among undergraduate students during the post-COVID era
    Medip Academy ; 2023
    In:  International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health Vol. 10, No. 3 ( 2023-02-28), p. 993-999
    Details
    In: International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health, Medip Academy, Vol. 10, No. 3 ( 2023-02-28), p. 993-999
    Abstract: Background: Online and face-to-face learning challenges influence students’ motivation. However, limited studies have yet been conducted to correlate students’ motivation with online and face-to-face learning challenges, especially in Malaysia. This study examined the challenges faced by learners during face-to-face and online learning and its relationship with learners’ motivation. Methods: This cross-sectional- correlation study was conducted among year-3 to year-5 undergraduate students at the Universiti Malaysia Sarawak irrespective of gender and nationality. A total of 475 students’ data were collected using a validated self-administered questionnaire. Collected data were analysed using IBM SPSS version 27.0. Pearson’s moment correlation was used to examine the association between students’ motivation and online and face-to-face learning. A p value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Technological challenge was weakly positively correlated with age (p 〈 0.05), gender (p 〈 0.05) and amotivation (p 〈 0.01). However, no statistically significant correlation was found with extrinsic, intrinsic motivation and CGPA (p 〉 0.05). Among the domains of challenges, the technological challenges were strongly positively correlated with the individual (p 〈 0.001), domestic (p 〈 0.001), institutional (p 〈 0.001) and community (p 〈 0.001) challenges. This study found that extrinsic motivation was positively correlated with intrinsic motivation, but both extrinsic and intrinsic motivation were negatively correlated with amotivation. All domains of challenges were positively correlated with amotivation of students. Conclusions: Universities could organise strategies to improve the current teaching and learning methods to boost students’ extrinsic and intrinsic motivation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2394-6040 , 2394-6032
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20230612
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Medip Academy
    Publication Date: 2023
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Factors associated with knowledge, attitude and practice of e-cigarette among adult population in KOSPEN areas of Kuching district, Sarawak, Malaysia
    Medip Academy ; 2019
    In:  International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health Vol. 6, No. 6 ( 2019-05-27), p. 2300-
    Details
    In: International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health, Medip Academy, Vol. 6, No. 6 ( 2019-05-27), p. 2300-
    Abstract: Background: Smoking electronic cigarette is a current world phenomenon, however, the vaping community had ignorant about its health effects. Considering this view, this study was conducted to determine the level of knowledge and attitude toward e-cigarette and factors associated with it.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among adults in the KOSPEN locality in Kuching district. Six out of the 64 KOSPEN localities had been chosen randomly as study locations. Systematic random sampling with replacement method was used to select the respondent. A total of 354 adults were interviewed by face to face interview using adapted and validated questionnaire. The data entry and analysis were done by IBM SPSS Version 22.0. A p 〈 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.Results: Data revealed that 66% of the respondents admitted that they heard about e-cigarette. Among them 54.3% of the respondent had good knowledge about e-cigarette. However, more than half (52.8%) do not support the use of e-cigarette. Bi-variate analysis revealed that male gender and attitude towards supporting e-cigarette was significantly associated with practice of e-cigarette (p 〈 0.05). However, for the conventional practice of smoking, age, gender, marital status, level of education and occupation found to be significantly associated with practice of conventional smoking.Conclusions: Though the study did not depict the national scenarios of e-smoking and conventional cigarette smoking as well, but the factors identified in this study appeared to be policy options for the programme managers, health administration, and health educators designing the preventive programmes against e-smoking and conventional smoking.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2394-6040 , 2394-6032
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20192288
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Medip Academy
    Publication Date: 2019
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Perceived professionalism and its relationship with communication skills, social interaction and attitude towards medical subjects among undergraduate medical students in Malaysia
    Medip Academy ; 2023
    In:  International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences Vol. 11, No. 2 ( 2023-01-25), p. 446-452
    Details
    In: International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences, Medip Academy, Vol. 11, No. 2 ( 2023-01-25), p. 446-452
    Abstract: Background: Professionalism is an essential core competency in medical education in line with societal expectations.  It is expected that the medical professionals show a specified set of behaviours and attitudes towards patients and society. This study assessed professionalism and its relationship with undergraduate medical students’ communication competency skills, learning attitude, and social interaction. Methods: This was a cross-sectional-correlation study conducted among undergraduate medical students irrespective of gender and nationality. A total of 319 students’ data were collected using a validated self-administered questionnaire. The collected data were analysed using IBM SPSS version 27.0. Pearson’s moment correlation and multiple linear regression analysis were done to identify the potential predictors of perceived medical professionalism. A p value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The study showed that professional relationship was significantly correlated with a positive attitude on communication skill (p 〈 0.001), environmental control (p 〈 0.001), interaction management (p 〈 0.01), immediacy (p 〈 0.01), attitude towards the medical subject (p 〈 0.001). However, no statistically significant correlation was found between perceived empathy and age, gender, year of study, parental education and previous CGPA (p 〉 0.05). Conclusions: The study found an interrelationship between professionalism, communication skills, interpersonal communication, and attitude towards medical subjects. However, the multivariate analysis revealed different weightage of influence to professionalism. Further advanced analysis is warranted to get the impact of each of the contributing variables to academic achievement.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2320-6012 , 2320-6071
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20230151
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Medip Academy
    Publication Date: 2023
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