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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Effects of COVID-19 pandemic on orthodontic practice
    Medip Academy ; 2022
    In:  International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health Vol. 9, No. 8 ( 2022-07-27), p. 3321-
    Details
    In: International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health, Medip Academy, Vol. 9, No. 8 ( 2022-07-27), p. 3321-
    Abstract: The COVID-19 is a respiratory illness which was declared as pandemic in 2020 by WHO. The pandemic has not only affected daily lives of people but greatly influenced the healthcare system across the globe especially dental care setup which was affected due to lockdown preventive measures taken by various countries. Orthodontic treatment involves regular consultations and visits to the dental clinic which unfortunately got negatively affected by the pandemic situation resulting in delayed appointments and prolonged treatment. The aim of this research was to review the available information regarding the effects of COVID-19 pandemic on orthodontic practice. Most of the orthodontic services were suspended and dental care settings were closed during the time of pandemic, only emergency patients were treated. Due to the delay in orthodontic services and treatment most orthodontic problems such as loosening brackets and arch wires could not be treated timely which affected patients. Many orthodontics utilized the digital technology for the provision of services and held virtual-based sessions with their patients. Findings from the literature exhibit that corona virus disease pandemic has posed a significant impact on the field of orthodontics however, in future more research is needed on designing management strategies in times of pandemic, so the dental care and orthodontic services are not affected.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2394-6040 , 2394-6032
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20221818
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Medip Academy
    Publication Date: 2022
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Strategies to improve the early detection and management of ectopic pregnancies in primary care
    Medip Academy ; 2023
    In:  International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health Vol. 10, No. 7 ( 2023-06-07), p. 2599-2603
    Details
    In: International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health, Medip Academy, Vol. 10, No. 7 ( 2023-06-07), p. 2599-2603
    Abstract: Even in the advanced era of today, maternal morbidity and mortality are quite high; however, most pregnancy-related complications can be successfully prevented by early diagnosis and timely management. The primary care setting is of utmost importance in this regard, as it is the first line of contact between patients and physicians, and regular antenatal care services are provided by most of primary care settings. Ectopic pregnancy is one of the most prevalent pregnancy disorders and is further associated with high-risk complications and mortality. The clinical manifestations may mimic non-ectopic pregnancy conditions, making it difficult to develop diagnostic standards. However, ultrasonography and human chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG) levels can ensure early diagnosis. Conservative treatment is pursued since surgical management is linked to multiple significant side effects. In most situations, pharmacotherapy using methotrexate in a single- or multi-dose regimen is the preferred course of treatment. Performing ultrasonography as soon as a pregnancy is confirmed to determine the location of the pregnancy, monitoring β-hCG levels, and ensuring prompt referral in the event of a possible ectopic pregnancy that cannot be treated conservatively are all important ways that primary care settings can play a significant role in early diagnosis and prompt management. Additionally, obstetric ultrasonography training for family physicians can help in the early detection of ectopic pregnancy, which can lead to favourable results. The purpose of this research is to review the available information about strategies to improve the diagnosis and management of ectopic pregnancy in primary care.  
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2394-6040 , 2394-6032
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20231772
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Medip Academy
    Publication Date: 2023
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Immunocompromised patients and dental implant
    Medip Academy ; 2022
    In:  International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health Vol. 9, No. 9 ( 2022-08-26), p. 3605-
    Details
    In: International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health, Medip Academy, Vol. 9, No. 9 ( 2022-08-26), p. 3605-
    Abstract: Dental implant is on rise in today’s time and era due to its importance in improving quality of life of patients. However, the success of the dental implant is significantly associated with individuals’ medical condition. Immunocompromised patients due to their weak immunity are considered sensitive for any type of surgery as it can result in various complications. Similarly in case of placing dental implants in immunocompromised patients’ supreme care and attention is needed in order to avoid risk and hazardous consequences. Oral and maxillofacial surgeons see an increasing number of patients with immunocompromised conditions in their daily practice due to better long-term health care and new indications for immunosuppressive therapy. The aim of this research is to review the available information about the dental implants in immunocompromised patients. Despite the fact that certain diseases are still considered risk factors in the effectiveness of dental implants in immunocompromised patients, there are few definite contradictions in this treatment option. As a result, disease control of risk factors, as well as personal risk assessment prior to dental implant treatment, may be considered more important than the disease or risk factor itself. Presence of various diseases can raise the risk of treatment failure or side effects in case of dental implant. Majority of the studies support dental implants as reliable and safe option under utmost care in immunocompromised patients however, the literature is quite divided and scarce in this regard and future research can be beneficial to yield better outcome and treatment strategies.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2394-6040 , 2394-6032
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20222054
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Medip Academy
    Publication Date: 2022
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Protocols and safety measurements used in intubation of COVID-19 patients
    Medip Academy ; 2022
    In:  International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health Vol. 9, No. 2 ( 2022-01-28), p. 1005-
    Details
    In: International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health, Medip Academy, Vol. 9, No. 2 ( 2022-01-28), p. 1005-
    Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has forced many countries to pose an emergency to contain the contamination and prevent the further spread of the infection. In this context, many societies and research papers were published to optimize guidelines and protocols for patients undergoing surgery and subsequent intubation. Accordingly, infection control is a critical approach to reduce the rate of contamination and risk of catching infections for suspected and confirmed COVID-19 patients. As a result, various guidelines were discussed in the current literature review, including guidelines to the patient, healthcare workers, operating room, anesthesia equipment, and patient transportation. For instance, healthcare workers can protect themselves from catching infections by wearing personal protective equipment and conducting adequate disinfection measures following each operation, in addition to the proper disposal of the contaminated objects. Strictly following these protocols should be done to reduce the risk of contamination in the operating room and enhance the outcomes of the patients and healthcare workers.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2394-6040 , 2394-6032
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20220008
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Medip Academy
    Publication Date: 2022
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Long-term maintenance and complications of fixed dental prostheses
    Medip Academy ; 2024
    In:  International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health ( 2024-01-13)
    Details
    In: International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health, Medip Academy, ( 2024-01-13)
    Abstract: Fixed dental prostheses (FDPs), commonly known as dental bridges, play a pivotal role in restorative dentistry, offering patients a means to regain oral function and aesthetics in cases of tooth loss. These prosthetic devices, anchored to natural teeth or dental implants, bridge the gap created by missing teeth, improving chewing, speech, and smile aesthetics. However, the successful deployment of FDPs requires not only their initial placement but also long-term maintenance and an understanding of potential complications. Effective oral hygiene, regular dental surveillance, and professional dental cleanings are essential for preserving FDP longevity. Vigilance is crucial as FDPs, while resistant to cavities themselves, can pose challenges in cleaning around abutment teeth. Complications, including dental caries, periodontal issues, crown or bridge fractures, abutment tooth deterioration, aesthetic alterations, sensory sensitivity, and even prosthetic failure, are potential concerns. Timely intervention and preventive measures are key to addressing these issues. When complications arise, dental practitioners can often repair superficial problems like crown fractures. Profound or recurrent complications may require more extensive interventions, such as fabricating a new bridge or considering alternative restorative options like dental implants or removable partial dentures. By embracing these principles of maintenance and management, patients can optimize the durability and functionality of their FDPs while minimizing associated risks, ensuring a healthy and confident smile for years to come.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2394-6040 , 2394-6032
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20240019
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Medip Academy
    Publication Date: 2024
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Epidemiology of hereditary anemias in Saudi Arabia
    Medip Academy ; 2021
    In:  International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health Vol. 8, No. 12 ( 2021-11-24), p. 6127-
    Details
    In: International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health, Medip Academy, Vol. 8, No. 12 ( 2021-11-24), p. 6127-
    Abstract: The prevalence rates of hereditary anemias in Saudi Arabia are remarkably high when compared to other countries. For instance, estimates show that the prevalence of thalassemia constitutes one of the highest rates globally. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that epidemiology significantly differs between the different regions across the Kingdom. Therefore, many epidemiological investigations were conducted. In this context, it has been demonstrated that the prevalence of thalassemia ranges from 0.4% to 5.9% in the Northern and Eastern regions, respectively. In the present literature review, we have discussed the different findings of epidemiological studies that studied the epidemiology of hereditary anemias in Saudi Arabia. We mainly discussed the epidemiology of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency (G6PD), sickle cell disease, and thalassemia. Recent evidence indicates that the trends of β-thalassemia are significantly decreasing over the past years. On the other hand, it has been demonstrated that the prevalence trends of sickle cell disease is constant over the past years. G6PD is also highly prevalent in Saudi Arabia. However, recent evidence is lacking in the literature and needs to be updated by future investigations. Consanguineous marriage has been reported to be an important risk factor for the high prevalence of β-thalassemia and sickle cell disease across the Kingdom.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2394-6040 , 2394-6032
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20214453
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Medip Academy
    Publication Date: 2021
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Screening tools interventions and strategies for early identification and management of autism spectrum disorders
    Medip Academy ; 2023
    In:  International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health Vol. 10, No. 10 ( 2023-09-22), p. 3870-3874
    Details
    In: International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health, Medip Academy, Vol. 10, No. 10 ( 2023-09-22), p. 3870-3874
    Abstract: Autism spectrum disorder is a neurodevelopmental disorder marked by social communication difficulties, restricted interests, and repetitive activities. Both genetic and environmental variables impacting the growing brain influence it. Around the world, 1 in 100 children is identified with autism spectrum disorder. Estimates of prevalence have increased over time and varied significantly inside and across sociodemographic groups. Autism spectrum disorder is a prevalent neurodevelopmental condition that significantly shortens life expectancy. Early diagnosis on a community level is a critical public health concern since mounting evidence shows that early diagnosis makes functional gains and has better outcomes. In healthcare settings, autism spectrum disorder screening tools can be utilized to precisely confirm the diagnosis of autism. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends screening for ASDs between ages 18 and 24 months, although recent research indicates that abnormal behaviours may be visible in certain children even earlier. the checklist for autism in toddlers, the modified checklist for autism in toddlers, the psychological development questionnaire-1, and the autism behaviour checklist are some of the commonly used screening tools in practice for the diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder. The majority of interventions are non-pharmacological and depend on behavioural modification strategies. Pharmacological therapy should only be used to treat target symptoms that are resistant to behavioural treatment. Although there is no cure, prompt and suitable intervention can dramatically raise the quality of life for children. The purpose of this research is to review the screening tools, interventions, and strategies for early identification and management of autism spectrum disorder.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2394-6040 , 2394-6032
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20232865
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Medip Academy
    Publication Date: 2023
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Pattern of ophthalmic referral from primary healthcare centres to secondary and tertiary hospitals in Qassim Province, Saudi Arabia
    Medip Academy ; 2020
    In:  International Surgery Journal Vol. 7, No. 6 ( 2020-05-26), p. 1763-
    Details
    In: International Surgery Journal, Medip Academy, Vol. 7, No. 6 ( 2020-05-26), p. 1763-
    Abstract: Background: References of patients with ocular diseases are an indirect indicator that reflects integration of primary eye care into primary health care system. The study reviewed the ophthalmic references from four randomly selected primary health care centres to ophthalmic unit of secondary and tertiary hospitals in Qassim Province of Saudi Arabia.Methods: This was a retrospective health record review study was undertaken at four PHC centres in Qassim region during the year 2017. All cases referred for eye care from January 2015 until December 2016 were included. Prevalence of ophthalmic reference, profile of ophthalmic patients and ophthalmic diagnosis were analysed.Results: From primary health care centres, 423 eye cases from 1,387,996 population of catchment area were referred. The annual prevalence of eye reference was 1.5 per 10,000. Vision screening and diabetic retinopathy evaluation comprised of 55.5% of total reference.Conclusions: Poor reference pattern from primary health care centers to secondary and tertiary eye centre suggest urgent and strong need of implementing primary eye care in the primary health care centres of Saudi Arabia. Referral of simple eye cases are increasing the workload of ophthalmologists and can delay urgent referrals like cases of diabetic retinopathy screening.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2349-2902 , 2349-3305
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.18203/2349-2902.isj20202379
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Medip Academy
    Publication Date: 2020
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Assessment of colorectal cancer lifestyle risk factors distribution and colonoscopy utilization among a sample from the south of Saudi Arabia
    Medip Academy ; 2020
    In:  International Surgery Journal Vol. 7, No. 12 ( 2020-11-27), p. 3907-
    Details
    In: International Surgery Journal, Medip Academy, Vol. 7, No. 12 ( 2020-11-27), p. 3907-
    Abstract: Background: To assess the distribution of colorectal cancer lifestyle risk factors, utilization of colonoscopy for colorectal cancer screening among a sample from Jazan region, Saudi Arabia.Methods: Presented study was a case control study conducted in King Fahad central hospital and Prince Mohammad Bin Nasser hospital in Jazan region. This study involved three groups where patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer, their first degree relatives and patients visiting other clinics were recruited. Data was collected via a structured questionnaire including data about lifestyle factors associated with colorectal cancer, such as eating behaviour, physical activity level, tobacco product consumption, and khat chewing behaviour and data about utilization of colonoscopy for screening purposes.Results: A total of 148 individuals participated in this investigation including 56 patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer. Fourteen colorectal cancer patients (25%) were diagnosed with the disease below the age of 50. Utilisation of colonoscopy was the lowest among the first degree relatives of the colorectal cancer patients. First degree relatives of the colorectal cancer patients had higher levels of body mass index, lower consumption of fruits, vegetables and whole grain products and had higher levels of red meat consumption in comparison to participants in the other study groups.Conclusions: The distribution of colorectal cancer risk factors among first degree relatives in our sample might indicate a need to target this group to increase awareness about the prevention of the disease and utilisation of screening services for colorectal cancer. 
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2349-2902 , 2349-3305
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.18203/2349-2902.isj20205342
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Medip Academy
    Publication Date: 2020
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Etiology and risk factors of early and late onset neonatal sepsis
    Medip Academy ; 2021
    In:  International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health Vol. 9, No. 1 ( 2021-12-27), p. 486-
    Details
    In: International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health, Medip Academy, Vol. 9, No. 1 ( 2021-12-27), p. 486-
    Abstract: Neonatal sepsis is a systemic disease caused by bacterial organisms, viral infections, or fungus that causes hemodynamic abnormalities and other clinical symptoms resulting in severe complications and may progress into mortality. Parturition can be used to diagnose organisms caused by the premature onset of sepsis in some cases, but only after an average of three days of life. Clinical manifestations of infection may also diagnose the organisms caused by the early onset of sepsis. Late sepsis can refer to any incident of sepsis from delivery to discharge in high-risk newborns, and the majority of them have been hospitalized for a lengthy period. Late-onset Guillain-Barré syndrome infections generally refer to the infections that occur between one week and up to three months post-labor. The precise load fraction for newborn sepsis varies by context, with differing load estimations between nations with varying lead levels. With the diversity of treatments utilized, explaining the degree of obstetric palsy is crucial and complicated. When comparing birthing sepsis rates, it is critical to understand if a tiny figure represents a total birth rate or another rate, such as a hospital admission number. As stated, it is critical to evaluate if population estimates based on the numbers of neonatal sepsis episodes have been recorded. This article aims to review the literature regarding neonatal sepsis from different aspects including, the etiology, risk factors, and different types and onset of neonatal sepsis.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2394-6040 , 2394-6032
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20214840
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Medip Academy
    Publication Date: 2021
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