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  • 1
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    Online Resource
    Burden of Transport-Related Injuries in the Eastern Mediterranean Region: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017
    Maad Rayan Publishing Company ; 2021
    In:  Archives of Iranian Medicine Vol. 24, No. 7 ( 2021-07-01), p. 512-525
    Details
    In: Archives of Iranian Medicine, Maad Rayan Publishing Company, Vol. 24, No. 7 ( 2021-07-01), p. 512-525
    Abstract: Background: Transport-related injuries (TIs) are a substantial public health concern for all regions of the world. The present study quantified the burden of TIs and deaths in the Eastern Mediterranean region (EMR) in 2017 by sex and age. Methods: TIs and deaths were estimated by age, sex, country, and year using Cause of Death Ensemble modelling (CODEm) and DisMod-MR 2.1. Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), which quantify the total burden of years lost due to premature death or disability, were also estimated per 100000 population. All estimates were reported along with their corresponding 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs). Results: In 2017, there were 5.5 million (UI 4.9–6.2) transport-related incident cases in the EMR – a substantial increase from 1990 (2.8 million; UI 2.5–3.1). The age-standardized incidence rate for the EMR in 2017 was 787 (UI 705.5–876.2) per 100000, which has not changed significantly since 1990 (-0.9%; UI -4.7 to 3). These rates differed remarkably between countries, such that Oman (1303.9; UI 1167.3–1441.5) and Palestine (486.5; UI 434.5-545.9) had the highest and lowest age-standardized incidence rates per 100000, respectively. In 2017, there were 185.3 thousand (UI 170.8–200.6) transport-related fatalities in the EMR – a substantial increase since 1990 (140.4 thousand; UI 118.7–156.9). The age-standardized death rate for the EMR in 2017 was 29.5 (UI 27.1–31.9) per 100000, which was 30.5% lower than that found in 1990 (42.5; UI 36.8–47.3). In 2017, Somalia (54; UI 30–77.4) and Lebanon (7.1; UI 4.8–8.6) had the highest and lowest age-standardized death rates per 100,000, respectively. The age-standardised DALY rate for the EMR in 2017 was 1,528.8 (UI 1412.5–1651.3) per 100000, which was 34.4% lower than that found in 1990 (2,331.3; UI 1,993.1–2,589.9). In 2017, the highest DALY rate was found in Pakistan (3454121; UI 2297890- 4342908) and the lowest was found in Bahrain (8616; UI 7670-9751). Conclusion: The present study shows that while road traffic has become relatively safer (measured by deaths and DALYs per 100000 population), the number of transport-related fatalities in the EMR is growing and needs to be addressed urgently.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1029-2977 , 1735-3947
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.34172/aim.2021.74
    Language: English
    Publisher: Maad Rayan Publishing Company
    Publication Date: 2021
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  • 2
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    Release of Civil Registry Causes of Death Data in Iran (2015 to 2019) - Expectations and Doubts!
    Maad Rayan Publishing Company ; 2021
    In:  Archives of Iranian Medicine Vol. 24, No. 10 ( 2021-10-01), p. 741-746
    Details
    In: Archives of Iranian Medicine, Maad Rayan Publishing Company, Vol. 24, No. 10 ( 2021-10-01), p. 741-746
    Abstract: Background: The National Organization for Civil Registration (NOCR) of Iran has reported causes of death data by ICD-10 chapters for the first time in 2020. Methods: We used this report to review the share of ICD chapters among all deaths in each province and compare them with the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study. Results: There are major changes in the distribution of causes of death between 2017 and 2018, especially in D50-D89 (Diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs and certain disorders involving the immune mechanism) from 0.76% to 38.94%, and I00-I99 (Diseases of the circulatory system) from 39.27% to 7.09%. Such dramatic changes are probably the results of changes in coding practices or definitions or issues in analysis. Conclusion: Causes of death reports should be timely, clear, and robust on methods. They should contain a minimum level of details, at least 3-digit ICD codes to be useful for public health and medical professionals.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1029-2977 , 1735-3947
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.34172/aim.2021.109
    Language: English
    Publisher: Maad Rayan Publishing Company
    Publication Date: 2021
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  • 3
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    Neonate, Infant, and Child Mortality in North Africa and Middle East by Cause: An Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
    Maad Rayan Publishing Company ; 2022
    In:  Archives of Iranian Medicine Vol. 25, No. 12 ( 2022-12-01), p. 767-778
    Details
    In: Archives of Iranian Medicine, Maad Rayan Publishing Company, Vol. 25, No. 12 ( 2022-12-01), p. 767-778
    Abstract: Background: During the past three decades, neonate, infant, and child mortality declined in North Africa and Middle East. However, there is substantial heterogeneity in mortality rates across countries. Methods: This study is part of the Global Burden of Diseases study (GBD) 2019. We report the number as well as mortality rates for neonates, infants, and children by cause across 21 countries in the region since 1990. Results: Between 1990 and 2019, the neonate mortality rate in the region declined from 31.9 (29.8, 34.0) to 12.2 (11.1, 13.3) per 1000 live births. Respective figures for under 5 mortality rates (U5MRs) were 79.1 (75.7, 82.7) in 1990 and 24.4 (22.3, 26.7) per 1000 live births in 2019. The majority of deaths among children under 5 years were due to under 1 year deaths: 75.9% in 1990 and 81.8% in 2019. Mortality rates in males were higher than females. The mortality rate among neonates ranged from 2.4 (2.1, 2.6) per 1000 live births in Bahrain to 25.0 (21.6, 28.4) in Afghanistan in 2019. Similarly, in 2019, the U5MR ranged from 5.0 (4.2–6.0) per 1000 live births in United Arab Emirates to 55.3 (47.9–63.5) in Afghanistan. Neonatal disorders, congenital birth defects, and lower respiratory infections were the three main causes of neonate, infant, and child mortality in almost all countries in the region. Conclusion: In 2019, most countries in this region have achieved the SDG targets for neonate and child mortality. However, there is still substantial heterogeneity across countries.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1029-2977 , 1735-3947
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.34172/aim.2022.122
    Language: English
    Publisher: Maad Rayan Publishing Company
    Publication Date: 2022
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  • 4
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    Investigation of hematological parameters related to the severity of COVID-19 disease in Mashhad, Iran
    Maad Rayan Publishing Company ; 2020
    In:  Immunopathologia Persa Vol. 7, No. 2 ( 2020-10-18), p. e19-e19
    Details
    In: Immunopathologia Persa, Maad Rayan Publishing Company, Vol. 7, No. 2 ( 2020-10-18), p. e19-e19
    Abstract: Introduction: Human coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an emerging respiratory disease that has become pandemic worldwide. The patients have a range of mild to severe symptoms, such as pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, arrhythmia, shock, and other organs involvement. Clinical and hematological evidence can serve as a prognostic factor to detect severe cases of COVID-19. Objectives: The present study aimed to evaluate hematological parameters related to the severity of the disease in COVID-19 patients in Mashhad, Eastern Iran. Patients and Methods: All the individuals with positive real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction test results and the patients with clinical symptoms whose computed tomography scan results were matched with the diagnosis of viral pneumonia were included in the study. The hematological examinations and complete blood count of the patients were performed by the healthcare personnel through collecting blood samples at the time of admission and discharge from the hospital. Results: In total, 189 COVID-19 patients were included in the study, 47.6% and 58.73% of whom were over 60 years old and male, respectively. Investigation of the hematological parameters revealed that the number of white blood cells, mean value of corpuscular volume, number of platelets, and lymph count had significantly increased at the time of discharge ( P 〈 0.01). On the other hand, red blood cells, hemoglobin, hematocrit, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, and red cell distribution width values were significantly higher at the time of admission in comparison to discharge ( P 〈 0.01). Furthermore, it was found that male gender had a significant relationship with the development of lymphopenia in the patients ( P =0.021). Conclusion: It can be concluded that hematological parameters and inflammatory biomarkers in COVID-19 patients could potentially act as the independent factors and affect the prognosis of the disease.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2423-8015
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.34172/ipp.2021.19
    Language: English
    Publisher: Maad Rayan Publishing Company
    Publication Date: 2020
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  • 5
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    Levels and Trends of Maternal Mortality and Morbidity by Cause in North Africa and Middle East, 1990 to 2019: An Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
    Maad Rayan Publishing Company ; 2022
    In:  Archives of Iranian Medicine Vol. 25, No. 10 ( 2022-10-01), p. 666-675
    Details
    In: Archives of Iranian Medicine, Maad Rayan Publishing Company, Vol. 25, No. 10 ( 2022-10-01), p. 666-675
    Abstract: Background: Since 1990, the maternal mortality significantly decreased at global scale as well as the North Africa and Middle East. However, estimates for mortality and morbidity by cause and age at national scale in this region are not available. Methods: This study is part of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors study (GBD) 2019. Here we report maternal mortality and morbidity by age and cause across 21 countries in the region from 1990 to 2019. Results: Between 1990 and 2019, maternal mortality ratio (MMR) dropped from 148.8 (129.6–171.2) to 94.3 (73.4–121.1) per 100000 live births in North Africa and Middle East. In 1990, MMR ranged from 6.0 (5.3–6.8) in Kuwait to 502.9 (375.2–655.3) per 100000 live births in Afghanistan. Respective figures for 2019 were 5.1 (4.0–6.4) in Kuwait to 269.9 (195.8–368.6) in Afghanistan. Percentages of deaths under 25 years was 26.0% in 1990 and 23.8% in 2019. Maternal hemorrhage, indirect maternal deaths, and other maternal disorders rank 1st to 3rd in the entire region. Ultimately, there was an evident decrease in MMR along with increase in socio-demographic index from 1990 to 2019 in all countries in the region and an evident convergence across nations. Conclusion: MMR has significantly declined in the region since 1990 and only five countries (Afghanistan, Sudan, Yemen, Morocco, and Algeria) out of 21 nations didn’t achieve the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) target of 70 deaths per 100000 live births in 2019. Despite the convergence in trends, there are still disparities across countries.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1029-2977 , 1735-3947
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.34172/aim.2022.105
    Language: English
    Publisher: Maad Rayan Publishing Company
    Publication Date: 2022
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  • 6
    Online Resource
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    Neonate, Infant, and Child Mortality by Cause in Provinces of Iran: An Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
    Maad Rayan Publishing Company ; 2022
    In:  Archives of Iranian Medicine Vol. 25, No. 8 ( 2022-08-01), p. 484-495
    Details
    In: Archives of Iranian Medicine, Maad Rayan Publishing Company, Vol. 25, No. 8 ( 2022-08-01), p. 484-495
    Abstract: Background: Since 1990, neonatal, infant, and child mortality has substantially decreased in Iran. However, estimates for mortality by cause at subnational scale are not available. Methods: This study is part of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors study (GBD) 2019. Here we report the number and rates of neonate, infant, and child deaths by cause across provinces of Iran from 1990 to 2019. Results: Between 1990 and 2019, the neonatal mortality rate per 1000 live births decreased from 31.8 (95% UI: 28.1–35.5) to 6.8 (6.1–7.4). The child mortality rates decreased from 71.2 (63.6–79.1) to 11.1 (10.2–12.0) per 1000 live births. Mortality rates among neonates per 1000 live births ranged from 3.1 (2.6–3.7) to 10.0 (9.2–10.8) across provinces in 2019. Child mortality rate per 1000 live births ranged from 5.5 (4.6–6.5) to 17.9 (16.4–19.4) across provinces in 2019. Neonatal disorders, congenital birth defects, and lower respiratory infections were the three main causes of mortality in almost all provinces of Iran. The majority of neonatal disorders were due to neonatal preterm birth and neonatal asphyxia, trauma, and infections. The trends of mortality across provinces from 1990 to 2019 were converging and decreased along with increase in sociodemographic index (SDI). Conclusions: All provinces achieved the Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of neonatal mortality less than 12 and child mortality less than 25 per 1000 live births. However, disparities still exist across provinces, specifically in low-SDI provinces.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1029-2977 , 1735-3947
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.34172/aim.2022.80
    Language: English
    Publisher: Maad Rayan Publishing Company
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2059531-1
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