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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of the primary structure of peptides using fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry (1990)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 19 (1990), S. 13-26 
    Details
    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The determination of the amino acid composition and sequence of a peptide, using both conventional and tandem fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry, is presented. First a list of potential empirical formulae is generated using the accurate mass and isotopic peak intensity ratios from the molecular ion cluster. The formulae are mathematically analyzed to ensure that they correspond to linear peptides composed of 19 common amino acids. Then using the ions below m/z 160 Da, which are characteristic of the amino acid content of the peptide, the formulae are decomposed into possible amino acid compositions. From each composition sequences are generated and their predicted fragment ions are compared to ions present in the mass spectrum. A score based on the intensities and the occurrence of consecutive sequence fragments is calculated. Finally sequences with the ten highest scores are retained. Analyses performed on typical peptides with molecular weights below 1500 Da indicate that identification can generally be achieved using this approach.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bms.1200190103
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modification of grid storage boxes for processing in electron microscopy immunocytochemistry (1990)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 16 (1990), S. 87-88 
    Details
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1060160113
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  • 3
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    Non-Migrating Tides in the Martian Atmosphere as Observed by MAVEN IUVS (2015)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-11-06
    Description: Using the Mars Atmospheric and Volatile EvolutioN Mission (MAVEN) Imaging Ultraviolet Spectrograph (IUVS), we found periodic longitudinal variations in CO 2 density in the Martian atmosphere. These density variations are derived from observations of the emission from limb scans in the 100 − 190 km altitude range. The variations exhibit significant structure with longitudinal wavenumbers 1, 2 and 3 in an effectively constant local solar time frame, and we attribute this structure to non-migrating tides. The wave-2 component is dominated by the diurnal eastward-moving DE1 tide at the equator and the semidiurnal stationary S0 tide at the midlatitudes. Wave-3 is dominated by the diurnal eastward-moving DE2 tide, with possibly the semidiurnal eastward-moving SE1 tide causing an amplitude increase at the midlatitudes. Structure in the wave-1 component can be explained by the semidiurnal westward-moving SW1 tide.
    Print ISSN: 0094-8276
    Electronic ISSN: 1944-8007
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 4
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    Multipath Propagation of Low Frequency Radio Waves Inferred from High Resolution Array Analysis (2015)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-10-03
    Description: The low frequency radio sky shows the locations of electromagnetic radio sources with a characteristic dilution of precision. Here we report a thorough high resolution analysis of radio waves from low frequency (∼20-150 kHz) radio communication transmitters which are recorded with a small aperture array of radio receivers during the day. It is found that the observed dilution of precision results from the array geometry of the radio receivers, a birefringent wave propagation and the correlated multipath propagation of low frequency radio waves. The influence of the array geometry on the dilution of precision is reduced by taking into account the impulse response of the array. This procedure reveals for the very first time the splitting of one single radio source into two distinct source locations separated by ∼0.2°-1.9° which result from a birefringent wave propagation. The two locations are yet more clearly identified by using the polarity of the modulated wave number vectors of the radio waves. This polarity is also used to quantify the dilution of precision arising from correlated multipath propagation which is discriminated against wave number fluctuations arising from the timing accuracy of the radio receivers. It is found that ∼69% of the wave number variability is of natural origin and ∼31% originates from the timing accuracy of the receivers. The wave number variability from correlated multipath propagation results in a standard deviation ∼2-8% relative to the source location. This compact measurement of correlated multipath propagation is used to characterize the uncertainty of source locations in the radio sky. The identification of correlated multipath propagation strongly suggests the existence of very fast processes acting on time scales 〈1 ms in the D-region ionosphere with physically meaningful effects on low frequency radio wave propagation. This important result has implications for practical applications in that the observed multipath propagation enables the determination of natural limits for the accuracy of navigation and lightning location methods using low frequency radio waves.
    Print ISSN: 0048-6604
    Electronic ISSN: 1944-799X
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 5
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    Next-generation restoration for sage-grouse: a framework for visualizing local conifer cuts within a landscape context (2017)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    In: Ecosphere
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-07-25
    Description: The expansion of coniferous trees into sagebrush ecosystems is a major driver of habitat loss and fragmentation, resulting in negative impacts to wildlife. Greater sage-grouse ( Centrocercus urophasianus ) respond directly to conifer expansion through decreased breeding activity, nesting, and overall survival; thus, small amounts of conifer expansion can have significant impacts on sage-grouse habitat and populations. To this end, conservation partners have collaborated across private and public lands to reduce the threat of conifer expansion through targeted removal of conifer trees. Here, we demonstrate the use of the Marxan framework to incorporate important ecosystem attributes in the prioritization of conifer removal within the Oregon range of sage-grouse. We prioritized conifer removal relative to three separate goals: (1) enhancement of existing sage-grouse breeding, nesting, and early brood-rearing habitats; (2) facilitation of sage-grouse movement between breeding and brood-rearing habitats; and (3) improvement of connectivity among sage-grouse priority areas for conservation (PACs). Optimization models successfully identified areas with low conifer canopy cover, high resilience and resistance to wildfire and annual grass invasion, and high bird abundance to enhance sage-grouse habitat. The inclusion of mesic resources resulted in further prioritization of areas that were closer to such resources, but also identified potential pathways that connected breeding habitats to the late brood-rearing habitats associated with mesic areas. Examining areas outside of PACs resulted in the selection of potential corridors to facilitate connectivity; although areas with low conifer cover were selected similarly to the other optimization models, areas with high cover were also chosen to be able to enhance connectivity. Areas identified by optimization models were largely consistent with and overlapped ongoing conifer removal efforts in the Warner Mountains of south-central Oregon. Land ownership of preferential areas selected by models varied with priority goals and followed general ownership patterns of the region, with public lands managed by the Bureau of Land Management and private lands being selected the most. The increased availability of landscape-level datasets and assessment tools in sagebrush ecosystems can reduce the time and cost of both planning and implementation of habitat projects involving conifer removal. Most importantly, incorporating these new datasets and tools can supplement expert-based knowledge to maximize benefits to sagebrush and sage-grouse conservation.
    Electronic ISSN: 2150-8925
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of The Ecological Society of America (ESA).
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  • 6
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    IJERPH, Vol. 15, Pages 11: Evaluation of Behavior Change Communication Campaigns to Promote Modern Cookstove Purchase and Use in Lower Middle Income Countries (2017)
    MDPI Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-12-23
    Description: IJERPH, Vol. 15, Pages 11: Evaluation of Behavior Change Communication Campaigns to Promote Modern Cookstove Purchase and Use in Lower Middle Income Countries International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health doi: 10.3390/ijerph15010011 Authors: William Evans Michael Johnson Kirstie Jagoe Dana Charron Bonnie Young A. Rahman Daniel Omolloh Julie Ipe Nearly three billion people worldwide burn solid fuels and kerosene in open fires and inefficient stoves to cook, light, and heat their homes. Cleaner-burning stoves reduce emissions and can have positive health, climate, and women’s empowerment benefits. This article reports on the protocol and baseline data from the evaluation of four behavior change communication (BCC) campaigns carried out in lower to middle income countries aimed at promoting the sale and use of cleaner-burning stoves. Interventions implemented in Bangladesh, Kenya, and Nigeria are using a range of BCC methods including mass media, digital media, outdoor advertising, and inter-personal communication. The mixed methods evaluation comprises three large-scale surveys: one pre-BCC and two follow-ups, along with smaller scale assessments of stove uptake and patterns of use. Baseline results revealed varying levels of awareness of previous promotions and positive attitudes and beliefs about modern (i.e., relatively clean-burning) cookstoves. Differences in cookstove preferences and behaviors by gender, socio-demographics, media use, and country/region were observed that may affect outcomes. Across all three countries, cost (lack of funds) a key perceived barrier to buying a cleaner-burning stove. Future multivariate analyses will examine potential dose-response effects of BCC on cookstove uptake and patterns of use. BCC campaigns have the potential to promote modern cookstoves at scale. More research on campaign effectiveness is needed, and on how to optimize messages and channels. This evaluation builds on a limited evidence base in the field.
    Print ISSN: 1661-7827
    Electronic ISSN: 1660-4601
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Published by MDPI Publishing
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  • 7
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    IJGI, Vol. 6, Pages 78: On Data Quality Assurance and Conflation Entanglement in Crowdsourcing for Environmental Studies (2017)
    MDPI Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-03-12
    Description: Volunteer geographical information (VGI), either in the context of citizen science or the mining of social media, has proven to be useful in various domains including natural hazards, health status, disease epidemics, and biological monitoring. Nonetheless, the variable or unknown data quality due to crowdsourcing settings are still an obstacle for fully integrating these data sources in environmental studies and potentially in policy making. The data curation process, in which a quality assurance (QA) is needed, is often driven by the direct usability of the data collected within a data conflation process or data fusion (DCDF), combining the crowdsourced data into one view, using potentially other data sources as well. Looking at current practices in VGI data quality and using two examples, namely land cover validation and inundation extent estimation, this paper discusses the close links between QA and DCDF. It aims to help in deciding whether a disentanglement can be possible, whether beneficial or not, in understanding the data curation process with respect to its methodology for future usage of crowdsourced data. Analysing situations throughout the data curation process where and when entanglement between QA and DCDF occur, the paper explores the various facets of VGI data capture, as well as data quality assessment and purposes. Far from rejecting the usability ISO quality criterion, the paper advocates for a decoupling of the QA process and the DCDF step as much as possible while still integrating them within an approach analogous to a Bayesian paradigm.
    Electronic ISSN: 2220-9964
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geosciences
    Published by MDPI Publishing on behalf of International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing (ISPRS).
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  • 8
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    Predicting hygroscopic growth using single particle chemical composition estimates (2014)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-07-25
    Description: Single particle mass spectral data, collected in Paris, France during the MEGAPOLI winter campaign, have been used to predict hygroscopic growth at the single particle level. The mass fractions of black carbon, organic aerosol, ammonium, nitrate and sulphate present in each particle were estimated using a combination of single particle mass spectrometer and bulk aerosol chemical composition measurements. The Zdanovskii-Stokes-Robinson (ZSR) approach was then applied to predict hygroscopic growth factors based on these mass fraction estimates. Smaller particles with high black carbon mass fractions and low inorganic ion mass fractions exhibited the lowest predicted growth factors, while larger particles with high inorganic ion mass fractions exhibited the highest growth factors. Growth factors were calculated for subsaturated relative humidity (90%) to enable comparison with hygroscopic tandem differential mobility analyser (HTDMA) measurements. Mean predicted and measured hygroscopic growth factors for 110, 165 and 265 nm particles were found to agree within 6%. Single particle-based ZSR hygroscopicity estimates offer an advantage over bulk aerosol composition-based hygroscopicity estimates by providing additional chemical mixing state information. External mixing can be determined for particles of a given diameter through examination of the predicted hygroscopic growth factor distributions. 110 nm and 265 nm particles were found to be predominantly internally mixed using this approach, however external mixing of 165 nm particles was observed periodically when thinly coated and thickly coated BC particles were simultaneously detected. Single particle-resolved chemical information will be useful for modelling efforts aimed at constraining cloud condensation nuclei activity and hygroscopic growth.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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