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  • MDPI AG  (109)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    An Improved Chinese Pause Fillers Prediction Module Based on RoBERTa
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Applied Sciences Vol. 13, No. 19 ( 2023-09-25), p. 10652-
    Details
    In: Applied Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 19 ( 2023-09-25), p. 10652-
    Abstract: The prediction of pause fillers plays a crucial role in enhancing the naturalness of synthesized speech. In recent years, neural networks, including LSTM, BERT, and XLNet, have been employed for pause fillers prediction modules. However, these methods have exhibited relatively lower accuracy in predicting pause fillers. This paper introduces the utilization of the RoBERTa model for predicting Chinese pause fillers and presents a novel approach to training the RoBERTa model, effectively enhancing the accuracy of Chinese pause fillers prediction. Our proposed approach involves categorizing text from different speakers into four distinct style groups based on the frequency and position of Chinese pause fillers. The RoBERTa model is trained on these four groups of data, which incorporate different styles of fillers, thereby ensuring a more natural synthesis of speech. The Chinese pause fillers prediction module is evaluated on systems such as Parallel Tacotron2, FastPitch, and Deep Voice3, achieving a notable 26.7% improvement in word-level prediction accuracy compared to the BERT model, along with a 14% enhancement in position-level prediction accuracy. This substantial improvement results in a significant enhancement of the naturalness of the generated speech.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-3417
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/app131910652
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704225-X
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Separation and Characterization of Prostate Cancer Cell Subtype according to Their Motility Using a Multi-Layer CiGiP Culture
    MDPI AG ; 2018
    In:  Micromachines Vol. 9, No. 12 ( 2018-12-14), p. 660-
    Details
    In: Micromachines, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 12 ( 2018-12-14), p. 660-
    Abstract: Cancer cell metastasis has been recognized as one hallmark of malignant tumor progression; thus, measuring the motility of cells, especially tumor cell migration, is important for evaluating the therapeutic effects of anti-tumor drugs. Here, we used a paper-based cell migration platform to separate and isolate cells according to their distinct motility. A multi-layer cells-in-gels-in-paper (CiGiP) stack was assembled. Only a small portion of DU 145 prostate cancer cells seeded in the middle layer could successfully migrate into the top and bottom layers of the stack, showing heterogeneous motility. The cells with distinct migration were isolated for further analysis. Quantitative PCR assay results demonstrated that cells with higher migration potential had increased expression of the ALDH1A1, SRY (sex-determining region Y)-box 2, NANOG, and octamer-binding transcription 4. Increased doxorubicin tolerance was also observed in cells that migrated through the CiGiP layers. In summary, the separation and characterization of prostate cancer cell subtype can be achieved by using the multi-layer CiGiP cell migration platform.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-666X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/mi9120660
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2620864-7
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Identification of qPSR7-2 as a Novel Cold Tolerance-Related QTL in Rice Seedlings on the Basis of a GWAS
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Agronomy Vol. 13, No. 5 ( 2023-04-28), p. 1252-
    Details
    In: Agronomy, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 5 ( 2023-04-28), p. 1252-
    Abstract: Rice is the primary source of food for more than half of the global population. Accordingly, improving the cold tolerance of rice is vital for ensuring food security. In this study, a new cold tolerance-related QTL in rice (qPSR7-2) was detected on chromosome 7 following a genome-wide association study involving 173 japonica rice germplasm resources. The fine mapping of this locus identified Os07g0541800 as a candidate gene associated with qPSR7-2. This gene encodes a cysteine-rich receptor-like kinase. The functional verification of Os07g0541800 involving transgenic plants indicated that qPSR7-2 positively regulates rice cold tolerance at the seedling stage. The examination of the cold tolerance of 984 germplasm resources from the 3000 Rice Genomes Project at the seedling stage and their respective haplotypes at qPSR7-2 revealed that the proportion of favorable haplotypes in germplasm resources increased as the latitude increased. More than 90% of the rice varieties cultivated in Europe and Japan appear to carry qPSR7-2, implying that qPSR7-2 may mediate the acclimation of rice to low-temperature stress. The findings of this study will further clarify the molecular networks regulating rice cold tolerance, while also providing researchers and breeders with new genetic resources and information relevant for developing cold-tolerant rice varieties.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4395
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/agronomy13051252
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2607043-1
    SSG: 23
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Determination of the Volatile Constituents in Radix Flemingiae Philippinensis by GC-MS and a Heuristic Evolving Latent Projection Method
    MDPI AG ; 2010
    In:  Molecules Vol. 15, No. 6 ( 2010-06-04), p. 4055-4066
    Details
    In: Molecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 15, No. 6 ( 2010-06-04), p. 4055-4066
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1420-3049
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/molecules15064055
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2010
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008644-1
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    RNA-Seq and 16S rRNA Reveals That Tian–Dong–Tang–Gan Powder Alleviates Environmental Stress-Induced Decline in Immune and Antioxidant Function and Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis in Litopenaeus vannami
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Antioxidants Vol. 12, No. 6 ( 2023-06-12), p. 1262-
    Details
    In: Antioxidants, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 6 ( 2023-06-12), p. 1262-
    Abstract: Ammonia stress and nitrite stress can induce immune depression and oxidative stress in Litopenaeus vannami (L. vannamei). Earlier reports showed that L. vannamei immunity, resistance to ammonia stress, and resistance to nitrite stress improved after Tian–Dong–Tang–Gan Powder (TDTGP) treatment, but the mechanism is not clear. In this study, three thousand L. vannamei were fed different doses of TDTGP for 35 days and then subjected to ammonia and nitrite stress treatments for 72 h. Transcriptome and 16-Seq ribosomal RNA gene sequencing (16S rRNA-seq) were used to analyze hepatopancreas gene expression and changes in gut microbiota abundance in each group. The results showed that after TDTGP treatment, hepatopancreas mRNA expression levels of immunity- and antioxidant-related genes were increased, the abundance of Vibrionaceae in the gut microbiota was decreased, and the abundance of Rhodobacteraceae and Flavobacteriaceae was increased. In addition, after TDTGP treatment, the effects of ammonia and nitrite stress on the mRNA expression of Pu, cat-4, PPAF2, HO, Hsp90b1, etc. were reduced and the disruption of the gut microbiota was alleviated. In short, TDTGP can regulate the immunity and antioxidant of L. vannamei by increasing the expression levels of immunity- and antioxidant-related genes and regulating the abundance of Rhodobacteraceae and Flavobacteriaceae in the gut microbiota.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-3921
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/antiox12061262
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704216-9
    SSG: 15,3
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Facile Fabrication of Graphene Oxide Nanoribbon-Based Nanocomposite Papers with Different Oxidation Degrees and Morphologies for Tunable Fire-Warning Response
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Nanomaterials Vol. 12, No. 12 ( 2022-06-08), p. 1963-
    Details
    In: Nanomaterials, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 12 ( 2022-06-08), p. 1963-
    Abstract: Smart fire-warning sensors based on graphene oxide (GO) nanomaterials, via monitoring their temperature-responsive resistance transition, have attracted considerable interest for several years. However, an important question remains as to whether or not different oxidation degrees of the GO network can produce different impacts on fire-warning responses. In this study, we synthesized three types of GO nanoribbons (GONRs) with different oxidation degrees and morphologies, and thus prepared flame retardant polyethylene glycol (PEG)/GONR/montmorillonite (MMT) nanocomposite papers via a facile, solvent free, and low-temperature evaporation-induced assembly approach. The results showed that the presence of the GONRs in the PEG/MMT promoted the formation of an interconnected nacre-like layered structure, and that appropriate oxidation of the GONRs provided better reinforcing efficiency and lower creep deformation. Furthermore, the different oxidation degrees of the GONRs produced a tunable flame-detection response, and an ideal fire-warning signal in pre-combustion (e.g., 3, 18, and 33 s at 300 °C for the three PEG/GONR/MMT nanocomposite papers), superior to the previous GONR-based fire-warning materials. Clearly, this work provides a novel strategy for the design and development of smart fire-warning sensors.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2079-4991
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/nano12121963
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662255-5
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    New Terpenoids from Potentilla freyniana Bornm. and Their Cytotoxic Activities
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Molecules Vol. 27, No. 12 ( 2022-06-07), p. 3665-
    Details
    In: Molecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 27, No. 12 ( 2022-06-07), p. 3665-
    Abstract: Two new A-ring contracted triterpenoids, madengaisu A and madengaisu B, and one undescribed ent-kaurane diterpenoid, madengaisu C, along with 20 known compounds were isolated from the roots of Potentilla freyniana Bornm. The structures were elucidated using extensive spectroscopic techniques, including 1D and 2D-NMR, HR-ESI-MS, ECD spectra, IR, and UV analysis. Moreover, all isolated constituents were evaluated for their anti-proliferative activity against RA-FLS cells and cytotoxic activities against the human cancer cell lines Hep-G2, HCT-116, BGC-823, and MCF-7. Ursolic acid and pomolic acid displayed moderate inhibitory activity in RA-FLS cells with IC50 values of 24.63 ± 1.96 and 25.12 ± 1.97 μM, respectively. Hyptadienic acid and 2α,3β-dihydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid 28-O-β-d-glucopyranoside exhibited good cytotoxicity against Hep-G2 cells with IC50 values of 25.16 ± 2.55 and 17.66 ± 1.82 μM, respectively. In addition, 2α,3β-dihydroxyolean-13(18)-en-28-oic acid and alphitolic acid were observed to inhibit HCT-116 cells (13.25 ± 1.65 and 21.62 ± 0.33 μM, respectively), while madengaisu B and 2α,3β-dihydroxyolean-13(18)-en-28-oic acid showed cytotoxic activities against BGC-823 cells with IC50 values of 24.76 ± 0.94 and 26.83 ± 2.52 μM, respectively, which demonstrated that triterpenes from P. freyniana may serve as therapeutic agents for RA and cancer treatment.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1420-3049
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/molecules27123665
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008644-1
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Host Plant-Derived miRNAs Potentially Modulate the Development of a Cosmopolitan Insect Pest, Plutella xylostella
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Biomolecules Vol. 9, No. 10 ( 2019-10-12), p. 602-
    Details
    In: Biomolecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 10 ( 2019-10-12), p. 602-
    Abstract: Plant microRNAs (miRNAs) have recently been reported to be involved in the cross-kingdom regulation of specific cellular and physiological processes in animals. However, little of this phenomenon is known for the communication between host plant and insect herbivore. In this study, the plant-derived miRNAs in the hemolymph of a cruciferous specialist Plutella xylostella were identified by small RNAs sequencing. A total of 39 miRNAs with typical characteristics of plant miRNAs were detected, of which 24 had read counts ≥ 2 in each library. Three plant-derived miRNAs with the highest read counts were validated, and all of them were predicted to target the hemocyanin domains-containing genes of P. xylostella. The luciferase assays in the Drosophila S2 cell demonstrated that miR159a and novel-7703-5p could target BJHSP1 and PPO2 respectively, possibly in an incomplete complementary pairing mode. We further found that treatment with agomir-7703-5p significantly influenced the pupal development and egg-hatching rate when reared on the artificial diet. The developments of both pupae and adults were severely affected upon their transfer to Arabidopsis thaliana, but this might be independent of the cross-kingdom regulation of the three plant-derived miRNAs on their target genes in P. xylostella, based on expression analysis. Taken together, our work reveals that the plant-derived miRNAs could break the barrier of the insect mid-gut to enter the circulatory system, and potentially regulate the development of P. xylostella. Our findings provide new insights into the co-evolution of insect herbivore and host plant, and novel direction for pest control using plant-derived miRNAs.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2218-273X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/biom9100602
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2701262-1
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Influence of Gate Dams on Yellow River Delta Wetlands
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Land Vol. 11, No. 5 ( 2022-05-08), p. 706-
    Details
    In: Land, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 5 ( 2022-05-08), p. 706-
    Abstract: Nested Delft 3D and Hydrus 1D models were applied to simulate variations in the hydrological process of tidal creeks, soil water, and salt transport in the soil profile of the reconstruction area in the Yellow River Delta under six gate dam scenarios. The results showed that the gate dam set up near the sea area was more conducive to reducing the variation range of water depth in the reconstruction area. The water depth changes in scenarios with 6 m gate valves were higher than those with 3 m sluice valves in the same gate dam location. The variations in surface water salinity, cumulative flooding time, flooding frequency, and cumulative infiltration in each scenario were similar to those for water depth. Rapid changes in soil water and salt content occurred in each scenario in periods without flooding. The fluctuation of soil salt content in different soil layers was contrary to the changes in soil water content. The overall difference in the soil salt contents and soil water content of the soil profile in scenarios with a gate dam near the sea was relatively larger than that of those with a gate dam near the shore. Obvious differences in both the soil water content and soil salt content between scenarios with 3 m and 6 m gate valves were not observed. Our results contribute to the understanding of the function of gate dams in controlling soil water and salt content in coastal wetlands.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-445X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/land11050706
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2682955-1
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    HACE1 Negatively Regulates Virus-Triggered Type I IFN Signaling by Impeding the Formation of the MAVS-TRAF3 Complex
    MDPI AG ; 2016
    In:  Viruses Vol. 8, No. 5 ( 2016-05-21), p. 146-
    Details
    In: Viruses, MDPI AG, Vol. 8, No. 5 ( 2016-05-21), p. 146-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1999-4915
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/v8050146
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2516098-9
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