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  • MDPI AG  (11)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Electronic and Optical Properties of Atomic-Scale Heterostructure Based on MXene and MN (M = Al, Ga): A DFT Investigation
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Nanomaterials Vol. 11, No. 9 ( 2021-08-30), p. 2236-
    Details
    In: Nanomaterials, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 9 ( 2021-08-30), p. 2236-
    Abstract: After the discovery of graphene, a lot of research has been conducted on two-dimensional (2D) materials. In order to increase the performance of 2D materials and expand their applications, two different layered materials are usually combined by van der Waals (vdW) interactions to form a heterostructure. In this work, based on first-principles calculation, some charming properties of the heterostructure constructed by Hf2CO2, AlN and GaN are addressed. The results show that Hf2CO2/AlN and Hf2CO2/GaN vdW heterostructures can keep their original band structure shape and have strong thermal stability at 300 K. In addition, the Hf2CO2/MN heterostructure has I-type band alignment structure, which can be used as a promising light-emitting device material. The charge transfer between the Hf2CO2 and AlN (or GaN) monolayers is 0.1513 (or 0.0414) |e|. The potential of Hf2CO2/AlN and Hf2CO2/GaN vdW heterostructures decreases by 6.445 eV and 3.752 eV, respectively, across the interface. Furthermore, both Hf2CO2/AlN and Hf2CO2/GaN heterostructures have remarkable optical absorption capacity, which further shows the application prospect of the Hf2CO2/MN heterostructure. The study of this work provides theoretical guidance for the design of heterostructures for use as photocatalytic and photovoltaic devices.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2079-4991
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/nano11092236
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662255-5
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Effect of Ca and Zr Additions on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of As-Extruded Mg-3Sn Alloy
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Materials Vol. 15, No. 18 ( 2022-09-13), p. 6343-
    Details
    In: Materials, MDPI AG, Vol. 15, No. 18 ( 2022-09-13), p. 6343-
    Abstract: In this paper, the effect of Ca and Zr additions on microstructure and mechanical properties at room temperature of Mg-Sn alloys was investigated by comparison of Mg-3Sn (wt.%) (T3), Mg-3Sn-1Ca (wt.%) (TX31), and Mg-3Sn-1Ca-1Zr (wt.%) (TXK311) alloys under extrusion. The results show that the main phases of as-extruded T3 alloy were α-Mg and Mg2Sn phases, while the CaMgSn phase was formed and the precipitation of Mg2Sn phase was inhibited in the TX31 and TXK311 alloys due to the addition of the Ca element. Zr did not form intermetallic compounds with other elements but dissolved in the grains of the matrix and became nucleating particles. Incomplete dynamic recrystallization (DRX) occurred in all alloys during hot extrusion. The coarse rod-like and fine block-like mixed CaMgSn phase was observed in α-Mg matrix of as-extruded samples of the TX31 alloy, and the dispersed granular CaMgSn phase was observed in the TXK311 alloy. Ca inhibited the dynamic recrystallization behavior of the alloys, while Zr promoted the dynamic recrystallization behavior. All the as-extruded alloys exhibit typical fiber texture of {0001} basal//ED. With the addition of Ca and Zr elements, the particle stimulated nucleation (PSN) effect excited by the second phase particles gradually weakened the texture. TXK311 alloy has good comprehensive mechanical properties at room temperature, with tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation of 261 MPa, 244 MPa, and 11%, respectively, and the average grain size was 1.8 μm. Grain refinement and second phase dispersion strengthening are considered to play critical roles in the strength optimization of the TXK311 alloy.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1996-1944
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ma15186343
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2487261-1
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Function Analysis of Cholesterol 7-Desaturase in Ovarian Maturation and Molting in Macrobrachium nipponense: Providing Evidence for Reproductive Molting Progress
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 24, No. 8 ( 2023-04-08), p. 6940-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 24, No. 8 ( 2023-04-08), p. 6940-
    Abstract: The Cholesterol 7-desaturase gene plays an important role in insect ecdysone synthesis, but its role in ovarian development has not been reported. In this study, characteristics and the phylogenetic relationship of Cholesterol 7-desaturase were identified by bioinformatics. qPCR showed that the Mn-CH7D gene was highly expressed in the ovary, which was much higher than that in other tissues, and the expression level of Mn-CH7D reached the highest level at the third stage of the ovarian development stage (O-III). During embryonic development, the Mn-CH7D gene expression was highest in the zoea stage. The function of the Mn-CH7D gene was explored by RNA interference. The experimental group was injected with Mn-CH7D dsRNA through the pericardial cavity of M. nipponense, while the control group was injected with the same volume of dsGFP. Statistical analysis of gonadal development and GSI calculation showed that the silencing of Mn-CH7D resulted in the suppression of gonadal development. In addition, the molting frequency of the experimental group was significantly lower than that of the control group during the second molting cycle after silencing Mn-CH7D. On the seventh day after silencing, ecdysone content in the experimental group was significantly reduced. These results demonstrated that the Mn-CH7D gene played a dual role in ovarian maturation and molting of M. nipponense.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms24086940
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 4
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    Online Resource
    Lactobacillus rhamnosus Probio-M9 Improves the Quality of Life in Stressed Adults by Gut Microbiota
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Foods Vol. 10, No. 10 ( 2021-10-08), p. 2384-
    Details
    In: Foods, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 10 ( 2021-10-08), p. 2384-
    Abstract: Objective: To evaluate the effect of the probiotic, Lactobacillus rhamnosus Probio-M9 (Probio-M9), on the quality of life in stressed adults. Methods: Twelve postgraduate student volunteers were recruited. Six volunteers received oral Probio-M9 for 21 days, while the remaining six received a placebo instead. Fecal samples were collected from the volunteers before and after the intervention. Metagenomic sequencing, nontargeted metabonomics, and quality-of-life follow-up questionnaires were used to evaluate the impact of Probio-M9 consumption on the gut microbiota and life quality of the volunteers. Results: Probio-M9 improved the psychological and physiological quality-of-life symptoms significantly in stressed adults (p 〈 0.05). The probiotic intervention was beneficial in increasing and maintaining the diversity of gut microbiota. The abundance of Barnesiella and Akkermansia increased in the probiotics group. The feature metabolites of pyridoxamine, dopamine, and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) were positively correlated with Barnesiella and Akkermansia levels, which might be why the mental state of the volunteers in the probiotic group improved after taking Probio-M9. Conclusions: We identified that oral Probio-M9 can regulate the stability of gut microbiota and affect the related beneficial metabolites, thereby affecting the quality of life (QoL) of stressed adults. Probio-M9 might improve the psychological and physiological quality of life in stressed adults via the gut-brain axis pathway. The causal relationship should be further explored in future studies.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2304-8158
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/foods10102384
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704223-6
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  • 5
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    Online Resource
    A New Role for Old Friends: Effects of Helminth Infections on Vaccine Efficacy
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Pathogens Vol. 11, No. 10 ( 2022-10-08), p. 1163-
    Details
    In: Pathogens, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 10 ( 2022-10-08), p. 1163-
    Abstract: Vaccines are one of the most successful medical inventions to enable the eradication or control of common and fatal diseases. Environmental exposure of hosts, including helminth infections, plays an important role in immune responses to vaccines. Given that helminth infections are among the most common infectious diseases in the world, evaluating vaccine efficiency in helminth-infected populations may provide critical information for selecting optimal vaccination programs. Here, we reviewed the effects of helminth infections on vaccination and its underlying immunological mechanisms, based on findings from human studies and animal models. Moreover, the potential influence of helminth infections on SARS-CoV-2 vaccine was also discussed. Based on these findings, there is an urgent need for anthelmintic treatments to eliminate helminth suppressive impacts on vaccination effectiveness during implementing mass vaccination in parasite endemic areas.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-0817
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11101163
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2695572-6
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Spatiotemporal Variations of Forest Vegetation Phenology and Its Response to Climate Change in Northeast China
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Remote Sensing Vol. 14, No. 12 ( 2022-06-17), p. 2909-
    Details
    In: Remote Sensing, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 12 ( 2022-06-17), p. 2909-
    Abstract: Vegetation phenology is an important indicator of vegetation dynamics. The boreal forest ecosystem is the main part of terrestrial ecosystem in the Northern Hemisphere and plays an important role in global carbon balance. In this study, the dynamic threshold method combined with the ground-based phenology observation data was applied to extract the forest phenological parameters from MODIS NDVI time-series. Then, the spatiotemporal variation of forest phenology is discussed and the relationship between phenological change and climatic factors was concluded in the northeast China from 2011 to 2020. The results indicated that the distribution of the optimal extraction threshold has spatial heterogeneity, and the changing rate was 3% and 2% with 1° increase in latitude for SOS (the start of the growing season) and EOS (the end of the growing season). This research also notes that the SOS had an advanced trend at a rate of 0.29 d/a while the EOS was delayed by 0.47 d/a. This variation of phenology varied from different forest types. We also found that the preseason temperature played a major role in effecting the forest phenology. The temperature in winter of the previous year had a significant effect on SOS in current year. Temperature in autumn of the current year had a significant effect on EOS.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-4292
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/rs14122909
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2513863-7
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Structural Identification and Coagulation Effect of Flammulina velutipes Polysaccharides
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Applied Sciences Vol. 11, No. 4 ( 2021-02-16), p. 1736-
    Details
    In: Applied Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 4 ( 2021-02-16), p. 1736-
    Abstract: Two polysaccharides were isolated successfully from Flammulina velutipes and identified as CHFVP-1 (24.44 kDa) and CHFVP-2 (1497 kDa). Based on the results of Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), gas chromatography (GC), gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy regarding the structure of CHFVP-1 and CHFVP-2, CHFVP-1 was constructed with the backbone of→6)-α-D-Galp-(1→ and the branch of Galp by an →3,6)-α-D-Manp-(1→attached with T-β-D-Glcp or t-α-L-Fucp side chains. Meanwhile, the CHFVP-2 was a glucan with the construction of →6)-β-D-Glcp-(1→ and T-β-D-Glcp. Moreover, the coagulant activity in vitro of CHFVP-1 and CHFVP-2 was evaluated, and the results showed that CHFVP-1 exerts procoagulant activity by shortening the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and thrombin time (TT), while CHFVP-2 did not reveal a definite coagulant activity. The finding would benefit the further application of F. velutipes in the field of medicine.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-3417
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/app11041736
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704225-X
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  • 8
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    Impacts of Eco-Poverty Alleviation Policies on Farmer Livelihood Changes and Response Mechanisms in a Karst Area of China from a Sustainable Perspective
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Sustainability Vol. 15, No. 3 ( 2023-02-01), p. 2618-
    Details
    In: Sustainability, MDPI AG, Vol. 15, No. 3 ( 2023-02-01), p. 2618-
    Abstract: Eco-poverty alleviation policies have significant impacts on the changes in farmer household livelihoods. This study developed a multi-dimensional index system, which applies the social cognitive theory and farmer household livelihood capital to analyze the effects of eco-poverty alleviation policies on farmer household livelihood change in a karst area in China. The multivariate logistic, entropy weight, and Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution models were used to analyze the responses of 892 farmer households from eight villages in Guizhou Province, China. The results show that the Poverty Alleviation Resettlement Project (PARP) had the highest impact as it enables higher engagement of farmer households in non-agricultural activities, resulting in significant livelihood changes. Among the eco-poverty alleviation policies studied, changes in livelihoods of farmer households are highest from PARP, followed by the Ecological Forest Ranger Project (EFRP), Grain for Green Program (GGP), Forest Ecosystem Compensation Program (FECP), and Single Carbon Sink Program (SCSP). Specifically, GGP received the highest response from farmer households working out-of-province, whereas SCSP received the lowest. EFRP received the highest response from farmer households working in the village. Farmer households in different regions were found to respond differently to various eco-poverty alleviation policies, based on how specific policies can address their practical problems. It is also related to the delayed effects of these policies on their livelihoods. This study provides a theoretical basis for optimizing livelihood improvements for farmers at the regional level, which can aid in formulating strategies in the future to alleviate poverty and revitalize local rural communities.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2071-1050
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/su15032618
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518383-7
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  • 9
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    Extracellular Albumin Covalently Sequesters Selenocompounds and Determines Cytotoxicity
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 20, No. 19 ( 2019-09-24), p. 4734-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 20, No. 19 ( 2019-09-24), p. 4734-
    Abstract: Selenocompounds (SeCs) are well-known nutrients and promising candidates for cancer therapy; however, treatment efficacy is very heterogeneous and the mechanism of action is not fully understood. Several SeCs have been reported to have albumin-binding ability, which is an important factor in determining the treatment efficacy of drugs. In the present investigation, we hypothesized that extracellular albumin might orchestrate SeCs efficacy. Four SeCs representing distinct categories were selected to investigate their cytotoxicity, cellular uptake, and species transformation. Concomitant treatment of albumin greatly decreased cytotoxicity and cellular uptake of SeCs. Using both X-ray absorption spectroscopy and hyphenated mass spectrometry, we confirmed the formation of macromolecular conjugates between SeCs and albumin. Although the conjugate was still internalized, possibly via albumin scavenger receptors expressed on the cell surface, the uptake was strongly inhibited by excess albumin. In summary, the present investigation established the importance of extracellular albumin binding in determining SeCs cytotoxicity. Due to the fact that albumin content is higher in humans and animals than in cell cultures, and varies among many patient categories, our results are believed to have high translational impact and clinical implications.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms20194734
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 10
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    Dichroic Circular Polarizers Based on Plasmonics for Polarization Imaging Applications
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Nanomaterials Vol. 11, No. 8 ( 2021-08-23), p. 2145-
    Details
    In: Nanomaterials, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 8 ( 2021-08-23), p. 2145-
    Abstract: Dichroic circular polarizers (DCP) represent an important group of optical filters that transfer only that part of the incident light with the desired polarization state and absorb the remainder. However, DCPs are usually bulky and exhibit significant optical loss. Moreover, the integration of these kinds of DCP devices can be difficult and costly as different compositions of chemicals are needed to achieve the desired polarization status. Circular polarizers based on metasurfaces require only thin films in the order of hundreds of nanometers but are limited by their sensitivity to angle of incidence. Furthermore, few existing solutions offer broadband operation in the visible range. By using computational simulations, this paper proposes and analyses a plasmonic DCP structure operating in the visible, from 400 nm to 700 nm which overcomes these drawbacks. The resulting circular dichroism transmission (CDT) is more than 0.9, and the maximum transmission efficiency is greater than 78% at visible wavelengths. These CDT characteristics are largely independent of angle of incidence up to angles of 80 degrees.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2079-4991
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/nano11082145
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662255-5
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