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  • MDPI AG  (80)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Pid Family Has Been Diverged into Xian and Geng Type Resistance Genes against Rice Blast Disease
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Genes Vol. 13, No. 5 ( 2022-05-17), p. 891-
    Details
    In: Genes, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 5 ( 2022-05-17), p. 891-
    Abstract: Rice blast (the causative agent the fungus Magnaporthe oryzae) represents a major constraint on the productivity of one of the world’s most important staple food crops. Genes encoding resistance have been identified in both the Xian and Geng subspecies genepools, and combining these within new cultivars represents a rational means of combating the pathogen. In this research, deeper allele mining was carried out on Pid2, Pid3, and Pid4 via each comprehensive FNP marker set in three panels consisting of 70 Xian and 58 Geng cultivars. Within Pid2, three functional and one non-functional alleles were identified; the former were only identified in Xian type entries. At Pid3, four functional and one non-functional alleles were identified; once again, all of the former were present in Xian type entries. However, the pattern of variation at Pid4 was rather different: here, the five functional alleles uncovered were dispersed across the Geng type germplasm. Among all the twelve candidate functional alleles, both Pid2-ZS and Pid3-ZS were predominant. Furthermore, the resistance functions of both Pid2-ZS and Pid3-ZS were assured by transformation test. Profiting from the merits of three comprehensive FNP marker sets, the study has validated all three members of the Pid family as having been strictly diverged into Xian and Geng subspecies: Pid2 and Pid3 were defined as Xian type resistance genes, and Pid4 as Geng type. Rather limited genotypes of the Pid family have been effective in both Xian and Geng rice groups, of which Pid2-ZS_Pid3-ZS has been central to the Chinese rice population.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4425
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/genes13050891
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527218-4
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  • 2
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    β-Delayed γ Emissions of 26P and Its Mirror Asymmetry
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Symmetry Vol. 13, No. 12 ( 2021-11-30), p. 2278-
    Details
    In: Symmetry, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 12 ( 2021-11-30), p. 2278-
    Abstract: The study of the origin of asymmetries in mirror β decay is extremely important to understand the fundamental nuclear force and the nuclear structure. The experiment was performed at the National Laboratory of Heavy Ion Research Facility in Lanzhou (HIRFL) to measure the β-delayed γ rays of 26P by silicon array and Clover-type high-purity Germanium (HPGe) detectors. Combining with results from the β decay of 26P and its mirror nucleus 26Na, the mirror asymmetry parameter δ ( ≡ft+/ft−− 1) was determined to be 46(13)% for the transition feeding the first excited state in the daughter nucleus. Our independent results support the conclusion that the large mirror asymmetry is close to the proton halo structure in 26P.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-8994
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/sym13122278
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518382-5
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  • 3
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    Genome-Wide Analysis Reveals Changes in Long Noncoding RNAs in the Differentiation of Canine BMSCs into Insulin-Producing Cells
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 21, No. 15 ( 2020-08-03), p. 5549-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 21, No. 15 ( 2020-08-03), p. 5549-
    Abstract: Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been extensively explored over the past decade, including mice and humans. However, their impact on the transdifferentiation of canine bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (cBMSCs) into insulin-producing cells (IPCs) is largely unknown. In this study, we used a three-step induction procedure to induce cBMSCs into IPCs, and samples (two biological replicates each) were obtained after each step; the samples consisted of “BMSCs” (B), “stage 1” (S1), “stage 2” (S2), “stage 3” (S3), and “islets” (I). After sequencing, 15,091 lncRNAs were identified, and we screened 110, 41, 23, and 686 differentially expressed lncRNAs (padjusted 〈 0.05) in B vs. S1, S1 vs. S2, S2 vs. S3, and I vs. S3 pairwise comparisons, respectively. In lncRNA target prediction, there were 166,623 colocalized targets and 2,976,362 correlated targets. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis showed that binding represented the main molecular functions of both the cis- and trans-modes. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis suggested that the insulin signaling pathway, Rap1 signaling pathway, tight junctions, MAPK signaling pathway, and cell cycle were enriched for these relative genes. The expression of lncRNAs was verified using qRT-PCR. This study provides a lncRNA catalog for future research concerning the mechanism of the transdifferentiation of cBMSCs into IPCs.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155549
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 4
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    Structural Design and Sealing Performance Analysis of a Nanofluidic Self-Heating Unsealing Rubber Cylinder
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Energies Vol. 16, No. 13 ( 2023-06-23), p. 4890-
    Details
    In: Energies, MDPI AG, Vol. 16, No. 13 ( 2023-06-23), p. 4890-
    Abstract: As a crucial component for temporary blocking of layer segments in the segmental fracturing process, bridge plugs are difficult to unseal by conventional methods and may cause major downhole accidents if not handled properly. In this paper, a nanofluidic self-heating unsealing rubber cylinder is designed, which is equipped with a nanofluidic self-heating unsealing sandwich inside the conventional rubber cylinder, consisting of a nanofluidic system and an annular flexible heater. When unsealing, the nanofluidic self-heating unsealing sandwich is heated by the annular flexible heater, and the nanofluidic system can help the bridge plug rubber cylinder shrink in volume and unseal smoothly by the characteristics of heat shrinkage and cold expansion. The nanofluidic system, consisting of porous carbon with an exceptionally large specific surface area and glycerol, serves as a prime example for filling the sandwich layer, and the design parameters calculation was carried out. The sealing performance of the designed nanofluidic self-heating unsealing rubber cylinder was analyzed based on the Mooney–Rivlin principal structure by finite element modeling. The results show that the maximum contact stress between the nanofluidic self-heating unsealing rubber cylinder and the casing wall increases by 9.73%, the compression distance reduces by 24.47%, and the maximum equivalent force decreases by 12.17% on average compared with a conventional rubber cylinder under the same seating load. The designed nanofluidic self-heating unsealing rubber cylinder can satisfy the requirements of pressure-bearing capacity and sealing performance and performs better than a conventional rubber cylinder.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1996-1073
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/en16134890
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2437446-5
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  • 5
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    Clusters of Solar Radio Spikes Modulated by Quasi-Periodic Pulsations in a Confined Flare
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Universe Vol. 8, No. 7 ( 2022-06-24), p. 348-
    Details
    In: Universe, MDPI AG, Vol. 8, No. 7 ( 2022-06-24), p. 348-
    Abstract: Spikes are typical radio bursts in solar flares, which are proposed to be the signal of energy release in the solar corona. The whole group of spikes always shows different spectral patterns in the dynamic spectrum. Here, we present a special new feature at 0.6–2 GHz in a confined flare. Each group of spikes is composed of many quasi-periodic sub-clusters, which are superposed on the broadband quasi-periodic pulsations (QPPs). The quasi-periodic cluster of spikes (QPSs) have very intense emissions, and each cluster includes tens of individual spikes. When the intensity of background pulsation is increased, the intensity, duration and bandwidth of the spike cluster are also enlarged. There are 21 groups of QPSs throughout the confined flare. The central frequency of the whole group shifts from 1.9 to 1.2 GHz, and the duration of each cluster shows a negative exponential decay pattern. We propose that nonthermal electron beams play a crucial role in emitting both pulsations and spikes. The tearing-mode oscillations of a confined flux rope produce periodic accelerated electron beams. These electron beams travel inside the closed magnetic structure to produce frequency drifting pulsations via plasma emission and scattered narrowband spikes by electron-cyclotron maser emission (ECME). The slow rise of flux rope makes the source region move upward, and thus, QPSs shift towards low frequency. We propose that the confined flux rope may provide the essential conditions for the formation of QPSs.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2218-1997
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/universe8070348
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2813994-X
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  • 6
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    ZafA Gene Is Important for Trichophyton mentagrophytes Growth and Pathogenicity
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 20, No. 4 ( 2019-02-15), p. 848-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 20, No. 4 ( 2019-02-15), p. 848-
    Abstract: Trichophyton mentagrophytes is a common fungal pathogen that causes human and animal dermatophytosis. Previous studies have shown that zinc deficiency inhibits T. mentagrophytes growth, and the ZafA gene of T. mentagrophytes can code the functionally similar zinc finger transcriptional factor that can promote zinc ion absorption; however, the impact of ZafA on virulence and pathogenicity remains undetermined. To assess its gene function, the ZafA mutant, ZafA-hph, and the ZafA complemented strain, ZafA+bar, were constructed via Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation. Polymerase chain reaction and Southern blot analyses were used to confirm the disruption. In vitro growth capacity and virulence analyses comparing ZafA-hph with wild-type T. mentagrophytes and ZafA+bar showed that ZafA-hph’s growth performance, reproduction ability, and zinc ion absorption capacity were significantly lower than the wild-type T. mentagrophytes and ZafA+bar. ZafA-hph also showed weak hair biodegradation ability and animal pathogenicity. Thus, the significant decrease in T. mentagrophytes’ growth ability and virulence was due to a lack of the zinc-responsive activity factor rather than the transformation process. This study confirmed that the T. mentagrophytes’ zinc-responsive activity factor plays important roles in the pathogen’s growth, reproduction, zinc ion absorption, and virulence. This factor is important and significant for effectively preventing and controlling T. mentagrophytes infections.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms20040848
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 7
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    Development of Digital Fetal Heart Models with Virtual Ultrasound Function Based on Cardiovascular Casting and Computed Tomography Scan
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Bioengineering Vol. 9, No. 10 ( 2022-10-05), p. 524-
    Details
    In: Bioengineering, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 10 ( 2022-10-05), p. 524-
    Abstract: Despite recent breakthroughs in diagnosis and treatment, congenital heart defects (CHDs) continue to be the leading cause of death among newborns. Fetal echocardiography is the most effective and non-invasive method for the prenatal diagnosis of CHDs. However, the challenge of obtaining standard views can lead to a low diagnostic accuracy. To explore new methods for training, the combined use of cardiovascular casting, computed tomography (CT) scanning, and virtual ultrasound generation methods was studied to preserve the cardiac structures of a fetus in digital form. The feasibility of the proposed workflow was verified by testing three fetal heart specimens collected after the termination of pregnancy. As a result, the anatomical structures were imaged clearly by a CT scan after cardiovascular casting, and the virtually generated ultrasound images based on the use of the Public software Library for UltraSound imaging research (PLUS) toolkit successfully demonstrated both the standard views and the views with diagnostic values for the visualization of the cardiovascular structures. This solution provides great data extensibility while being simple and cost-effective for end users. Therefore, the proposed method could provide a promising educational system for trainees to understand standard views of fetal echocardiography and the corresponding anatomical correlations.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2306-5354
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9100524
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2746191-9
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  • 8
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    Experimental Study on the Effects of Applied Electric Field on Liquid Infiltration into Hydrophobic Zeolite
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Energies Vol. 16, No. 13 ( 2023-06-30), p. 5065-
    Details
    In: Energies, MDPI AG, Vol. 16, No. 13 ( 2023-06-30), p. 5065-
    Abstract: A nanofluidic energy absorption system (NEAS) is composed of nanoporous material and functional liquid with high energy absorption density. Applying an electric field to adjust the energy absorption characteristics of a nanofluidic system will open broader prospects for its application. In the current work, ZSM-5 zeolite was adopted as the nanoporous material and water, a 25% KCl solution, and a saturated KCl solution were adopted as functional liquids to configure NEASs. Pressure-induced infiltration experiments were carried out to study the infiltration and defiltration characteristics of the NEASs under the action of an applied electric field. The results show that the introduction of an applied electric field can weaken the hydrogen bonds between molecules, thus reducing the equivalent surface tension and contact angle, changing the infiltrability of liquid molecules into the nanopores, and reducing the infiltration pressure of the system. In an electrolyte solution/zeolite system, the anions and cations move close to the two plate electrodes under the action of an external electric field, and the fluid properties in the central zone of the pressure chamber are close to the water/zeolite system. For both an ultra-low conductivity liquid and an electrolyte solution/zeolite system, applying an electric field can effectively improve the relative outflow rate of liquid, thus improving the reusability of the system.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1996-1073
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/en16135065
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2437446-5
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  • 9
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    The Paradoxical Effects of COVID-19 Event Strength on Employee Turnover Intention
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Vol. 19, No. 14 ( 2022-07-10), p. 8434-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, MDPI AG, Vol. 19, No. 14 ( 2022-07-10), p. 8434-
    Abstract: As a global pandemic, the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) has brought enormous challenges to employees and organizations. Although numerous existing studies have highlighted that the COVID-19 pandemic is a stressful event and empirically proved its detrimental effect on employee turnover intention, few scholars have noted that this pandemic can deteriorate the external economic and employment environment simultaneously, which may further complicate employees’ intentions to leave or stay in the current organization. Drawing on event system theory and social cognitive theory, this study aims to uncover two potential cognitive mechanisms of the complex impact of COVID-19 event strength on employee turnover intention. To examine the proposed model, this study employed a three-wave and time-lagged research design and collected data from a sample of 432 employees of four Chinese companies from different industries. The findings indicated that COVID-19 event strength was negatively related to perceived external employability, and ultimately curbed employee turnover intention. Yet, COVID-19 event strength also negatively predicted perceived organizational growth, thus influencing employees to exhibit intentions to quit. Moreover, organizational identification not only attenuated the positive effect of perceived external employability on turnover intention but also amplified the negative impact of perceived organizational growth on turnover intention. Further, organizational identification moderated the indirect effects of COVID-19 event strength on turnover intention through perceived external employability and perceived organizational growth. This study provided a comprehensive insight into scholars’ understanding of the COVID-19 downstream outcomes.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1660-4601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19148434
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2175195-X
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  • 10
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    Pathological Voice Detection Using Joint Subsapce Transfer Learning
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Applied Sciences Vol. 12, No. 16 ( 2022-08-14), p. 8129-
    Details
    In: Applied Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 16 ( 2022-08-14), p. 8129-
    Abstract: A pathological voice detection system is designed to detect pathological characteristics of vocal cords from speech. Such systems are particularly susceptible to domain mismatch where the training and testing data come from the source and target domains, respectively. Due to the difference in speech disease etiology, recording environment, and device, etc., the feature distributions of source and target domain are quite different. Meanwhile, considering the high costs of annotating labels, it is hard to acquire labeled data in the target domain. This paper attempts to formulate cross-domain pathological voice detection as an unsupervised domain adaptation problem. Joint subspace transfer learning (JSTL) aims to find a projection matrix to transform source and target domain data into a common space. The maximum mean discrepancy function is used to measure the divergence across databases. Intra-class and inter-class distance act as regularization to guarantee the maximum separability between different classes. A graph matrix is constructed to help transfer knowledge from the relevant source data to the target data. Three popular pathological voice databases were selected in this paper. For six cross-database experiments, the accuracy of the method proposed increased by up to 15%. For different voice categories, the category of structural voice showed the most significant increase, nearly 20%.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-3417
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/app12168129
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704225-X
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