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  • MDPI AG  (167)
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  • MDPI AG  (167)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Clinical Practice of Targeted Capture Sequencing to Identify Actionable Alterations in Cholangiocarcinoma
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Cancers Vol. 14, No. 20 ( 2022-10-16), p. 5062-
    Details
    In: Cancers, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 20 ( 2022-10-16), p. 5062-
    Abstract: The early diagnosis and treatment of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) remain a challenge worldwide. Genetic testing promises to solve these problems. Due to the different mutation landscapes across populations and the paucity of sequencing data of Chinese patients with CCA, the existing mutation landscape is insufficient to reflect the mutation characteristics of Chinese patients. Thus, we retrospectively analyzed 72 Chinese patients with CCA who had received genetic testing of targeted capture sequencing. A total of 2152 somatic mutations were detected in 56 (77.78%) patients, of which, the frequently mutated driver genes were TP53 (27.78%), KMT2D (23.81%), KMT2C (20.63%), BCOR (18.06%), APC (15.28%), BAP1 (13.89%), ARID1A (12.50%), NF1 (12.50%), PIK3CA (12.50%), KRAS (11.11%), and LRP1B (11.11%). Most mutations were enriched in NRF2, TP53, and TGF-Beta oncogenic signaling pathways and cadherin repeat domains which were associated with intercellular adhesion. Based on cancer-related public databases and multiple protein function prediction algorithms, we identified 118 novel pathogenic or likely pathogenic somatic mutations and 77 actionable alterations. Molecular analysis of tumors from a precision oncology perspective can provide potential targets for early diagnosis and treatment of CCA and assist physicians in clinical decision making.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6694
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/cancers14205062
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527080-1
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Study on the Mechanical Properties of Silty Clay Sediments with Nodular Hydrate Occurrence
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Journal of Marine Science and Engineering Vol. 10, No. 8 ( 2022-08-01), p. 1059-
    Details
    In: Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 8 ( 2022-08-01), p. 1059-
    Abstract: Natural gas hydrates are a strategic energy resource in China. The China Geological Survey has discovered segregated hydrate mass formations under the seepage mechanism in the South China Sea through exploration, and gas hydrates occur in nodular, massive, and vein formations in silty clay sediment. Previous work has focused on the analysis of sediment mechanical properties with respect to the uniform distribution of natural gas hydrates in pore spaces, but the mechanical properties of hydrate-bearing sediments containing segregated hydrate masses are not well understood. Spherical hydrates are used to characterize nodular hydrates, a method is proposed for the preparation of sediment samples containing segregated hydrates masses, and a series of triaxial compression tests are carried out on the samples containing spherical hydrates with two kinds of particle sizes at a certain volume fraction. The paper presents triaxial stress–strain curves for the samples containing spherical hydrates. A model for predicting elastic modulus is established. The results present two distinct stages in the triaxial compression tests of silty clay sediments containing spherical hydrates; they also show that the elastic moduli predicted by the model are in good agreement with the experimental results when the model parameters are set at α = 0.5 and β = −0.21. These results provide fundamental mechanical parameters for the safety evaluation of strata containing segregated gas hydrates.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2077-1312
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jmse10081059
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2738390-8
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Worldwide Statistical Correlation of Eight Years of Swarm Satellite Data with M5.5+ Earthquakes: New Hints about the Preseismic Phenomena from Space
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Remote Sensing Vol. 14, No. 11 ( 2022-06-01), p. 2649-
    Details
    In: Remote Sensing, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 11 ( 2022-06-01), p. 2649-
    Abstract: Nowadays, the possibility that medium-large earthquakes could produce some electromagnetic ionospheric disturbances during their preparatory phase is controversial in the scientific community. Some previous works using satellite data from DEMETER, Swarm and, recently, CSES provided several pieces of evidence supporting the existence of such precursory phenomena in terms of single case studies and statical analyses. In this work, we applied a Worldwide Statistical Correlation approach to M5.5+ shallow earthquakes using the first 8 years of Swarm (i.e., from November 2013 to November 2021) magnetic field and electron density signals in order to improve the significance of previous statistical studies and provide some new results on how earthquake features could influence ionospheric electromagnetic disturbances. We implemented new methodologies based on the hypothesis that the anticipation time of anomalies of larger earthquakes is usually longer than that of anomalies of smaller magnitude. We also considered the signal’s frequency to introduce a new identification criterion for the anomalies. We find that taking into account the frequency can improve the statistical significance (up to 25% for magnetic data and up to 100% for electron density). Furthermore, we noted that the frequency of the Swarm magnetic field signal of possible precursor anomalies seems to slightly increase as the earthquake is approaching. Finally, we checked a possible relationship between the frequency of the detected anomalies and earthquake features. The earthquake focal mechanism seems to have a low or null influence on the frequency of the detected anomalies, while the epicenter location appears to play an important role. In fact, land earthquakes are more likely to be preceded by slower (lower frequency) magnetic field signals, whereas sea seismic events show a higher probability of being preceded by faster (higher frequency) magnetic field signals.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-4292
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/rs14112649
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2513863-7
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Clues of Lithosphere, Atmosphere and Ionosphere Variations Possibly Related to the Preparation of La Palma 19 September 2021 Volcano Eruption
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Remote Sensing Vol. 14, No. 19 ( 2022-10-08), p. 5001-
    Details
    In: Remote Sensing, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 19 ( 2022-10-08), p. 5001-
    Abstract: On 19 September 2021, La Palma Cumbre Vieja Volcano started an eruption classified as Volcanic Explosive Index (VEI) 3. In this study, at least the six months prior to such an event have been investigated to search for possible lithosphere–atmosphere–ionosphere bottom-up interactions. The lithosphere has been analysed in terms of seismicity getting advantages from the high-density local seismic network. Possible atmospheric alterations related to the volcano emissions or release of gases due to the uplift of the magmatic chamber have been searched in SO2, aerosol, dimethyl sulphide, and CO. The magnetic field on Earth’s surface has been studied by ground geomagnetic observatories. The status of the ionosphere has been investigated with two satellite missions: China Seismo Electromagnetic Satellite (CSES) and European Space Agency Swarm constellation, with Total Electron Content (TEC) retrieved from global maps. We identified a temporal migration of the seismicity from November 2020 at a depth of 40 km that seems associable to magma migration, firstly to a deep chamber at about 15 km depth and in the last 10 days in a shallow magma chamber at less than 5 km depth. The atmospheric composition, ground geomagnetic field, and ionosphere showed anomalies from more than three months before the eruption, suggesting a possible influence from the bottom geo-layers to the upper ones. CSES-01 detected an increase of electron density, confirmed by TEC data, and alterations of vertical magnetic field on ground Guimar observatory that are temporal compatible with some volcanic low seismic activity (very likely due to the magma uplift), suggesting an eventual electromagnetic disturbance from the lithosphere to the ionosphere. A final increase of carbon monoxide 1.5 months before the eruption with unusually high values of TEC suggests the last uplifting of the magma before the eruption, confirmed by a very high shallow seismicity that preceded the eruption by ten days. This work underlines the importance of integrating several observation platforms from ground and overall space to understand geophysics better, and, in particular, the natural hazard affecting our planet.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-4292
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/rs14195001
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2513863-7
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A Bio-Inspired Spiking Neural Network with Few-Shot Class-Incremental Learning for Gas Recognition
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Sensors Vol. 23, No. 5 ( 2023-02-22), p. 2433-
    Details
    In: Sensors, MDPI AG, Vol. 23, No. 5 ( 2023-02-22), p. 2433-
    Abstract: The sensitivity and selectivity profiles of gas sensors are always changed by sensor drifting, sensor aging, and the surroundings (e.g., temperature and humidity changes), which lead to a serious decline in gas recognition accuracy or even invalidation. To address this issue, the practical solution is to retrain the network to maintain performance, leveraging its rapid, incremental online learning capacity. In this paper, we develop a bio-inspired spiking neural network (SNN) to recognize nine types of flammable and toxic gases, which supports few-shot class-incremental learning, and can be retrained quickly with a new gas at a low accuracy cost. Compared with gas recognition approaches such as support vector machine (SVM), k-nearest neighbor (KNN), principal component analysis (PCA) +SVM, PCA+KNN, and artificial neural network (ANN), our network achieves the highest accuracy of 98.75% in five-fold cross-validation for identifying nine types of gases, each with five different concentrations. In particular, the proposed network has a 5.09% higher accuracy than that of other gas recognition algorithms, which validates its robustness and effectiveness for real-life fire scenarios.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1424-8220
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/s23052433
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2052857-7
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Global Potential Distribution of Invasive Plants: Anredera cordifolia under Climate Change and Human Activity Based on Random Forest Models
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Sustainability Vol. 12, No. 4 ( 2020-02-17), p. 1491-
    Details
    In: Sustainability, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 4 ( 2020-02-17), p. 1491-
    Abstract: The potential distribution of the invasive plant Anredera cordifolia (Tenore) Steenis was predicted by Random Forest models under current and future climate-change pathways (i.e., RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 of 2050s and the 2070s). Pearson correlations were used to select variables; the prediction accuracy of the models was evaluated by using AUC, Kappa, and TSS. The results show that suitable future distribution areas are mainly in Southeast Asia, Eastern Oceania, a few parts of Eastern Africa, Southern North America, and Eastern South America. Temperature is the key climatic factor affecting the distribution of A. cordifolia. Important metrics include mean temperature of the coldest quarter (0.3 °C ≤ Bio11 ≤ 22.9 °C), max temperature of the warmest month (17.1 °C ≤ Bio5 ≤ 35.5 °C), temperature annual range (10.7 °C ≤ Bio7 ≤ 33 °C), annual mean air temperature (6.8 °C ≤ Bio1 ≤ 24.4 °C), and min temperature of coldest month (−2.8 °C ≤ Bio6 ≤ 17.2 °C). Only one precipitation index (Bio19) was important, precipitation of coldest quarter (7 mm ≤ Bio19 ≤ 631 mm). In addition, areas with strong human activities are most prone to invasion. This species is native to Brazil, but has been introduced in Asia, where it is widely planted and has escaped from cultivation. Under the future climate scenarios, suitable habitat areas of A. cordifolia will expand to higher latitudes. This study can provide a reference for the rational management and control of A. cordifolia.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2071-1050
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/su12041491
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518383-7
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Non-Pessimistic Predictions of the Distributions and Suitability of Metasequoia glyptostroboides under Climate Change Using a Random Forest Model
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Forests Vol. 11, No. 1 ( 2020-01-04), p. 62-
    Details
    In: Forests, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 1 ( 2020-01-04), p. 62-
    Abstract: Metasequoia glyptostroboides Hu & W. C. Cheng, which is a remarkable rare relict plant, has gradually been reduced to its current narrow range due to climate change. Understanding the comprehensive distribution of M. glyptostroboides under climate change on a large spatio-temporal scale is of great significance for determining its forest adaptation. In this study, based on 394 occurrence data and 10 bioclimatic variables, the global potential distribution of M. glyptostroboides under eight different climate scenarios (i.e., the past three, the current one, and the next four) from the Quaternary glacial to the future was simulated by a random forest model built with the biomod2 package. The key bioclimatic variables affecting the distribution of M. glyptostroboides are BIO2 (mean diurnal range), BIO1 (annual mean temperature), BIO9 (mean temperature of driest quarter), BIO6 (min temperature of coldest month), and BIO18 (precipitation of warmest quarter). The result indicates that the temperature affects the potential distribution of M. glyptostroboides more than the precipitation. A visualization of the results revealed that the current relatively suitable habitats of M. glyptostroboides are mainly distributed in East Asia and Western Europe, with a total area of approximately 6.857 × 106 km2. With the intensification of global warming in the future, the potential distribution and the suitability of M. glyptostroboides have a relatively non-pessimistic trend. Whether under the mild (RCP4.5) and higher (RCP8.5) emission scenarios, the total area of suitable habitats will be wider than it is now by the 2070s, and the habitat suitability will increase to varying degrees within a wide spatial range. After speculating on the potential distribution of M. glyptostroboides in the past, the glacial refugia of M. glyptostroboides were inferred, and projections regarding the future conditions of these places are expected to be optimistic. In order to better protect the species, the locations of its priority protected areas and key protected areas, mainly in Western Europe and East Asia, were further identified. Our results will provide theoretical reference for the long-term management of M. glyptostroboides, and can be used as background information for the restoration of other endangered species in the future.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1999-4907
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/f11010062
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527081-3
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    CSES-01 Electron Density Background Characterisation and Preliminary Investigation of Possible Ne Increase before Global Seismicity
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Atmosphere Vol. 14, No. 10 ( 2023-10-02), p. 1527-
    Details
    In: Atmosphere, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 10 ( 2023-10-02), p. 1527-
    Abstract: In this paper, we provide a characterisation of the ionosphere from April 2018 to September 2022 for 48 investigated months. We used the data of the China Seismo Electromagnetic Satellite (CSES-01), which is a sun-synchronous satellite with five days of revisit time and fixed local time of about 2 a.m. and 2 p.m. The unique orbit of CSES-01 permitted us to produce a monthly background of the ionosphere for night- and daytime with median values acquired during geomagnetic quiet time in equatorial and mid-latitude regions (i.e., between 50° S and 50° N of geographical latitude). We compared the obtained CSES-01 monthly median values with the solar activity in terms of sunspot numbers, and we found a high correlation of 0.89 for nighttime and 0.85 for daytime between the mean sunspot number and the maximum of the characterised CSES-01 Ne map values. In addition, we extracted all the anomalous positive increases in CSES-01 electron density and compared them with the Worldwide M5.5+ shallow earthquakes. We tested two different definitions of anomaly based on median and interquartile range or (mild) outliers. We tried two relationships between anomalies inside Dobrovolsky’s area before the earthquake and the magnitude of the same seismic events: one which considers distance in space and time and a second which only uses the anticipation time of the anomaly before the earthquake. Using both anomaly definitions, we searched the best coefficients for these two laws for mid-latitude and equational regions. We found that the best coefficients are independent of the anomaly definition, but better accuracy (greater than 80%) is obtained for the outlier definition. Finally, using receiving operating characteristic (ROC) curves, we show that CSES-01 increases seem statistically correlated to the incoming seismic activity.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4433
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/atmos14101527
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2605928-9
    SSG: 23
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Multifunctional Biosensing Platform Based on Nickel-Modified Laser-Induced Graphene
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Bioengineering Vol. 10, No. 5 ( 2023-05-21), p. 620-
    Details
    In: Bioengineering, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 5 ( 2023-05-21), p. 620-
    Abstract: Nickel plating electrolytes prepared by using a simple salt solution can achieve nickel plating on laser-induced graphene (LIG) electrodes, which greatly enhances the electrical conductivity, electrochemical properties, wear resistance, and corrosion resistance of LIG. This makes the LIG–Ni electrodes well suited for electrophysiological, strain, and electrochemical sensing applications. The investigation of the mechanical properties of the LIG–Ni sensor and the monitoring of pulse, respiration, and swallowing confirmed that the sensor can sense insignificant deformations to relatively large conformal strains of skin. Modulation of the nickel-plating process of LIG–Ni, followed by chemical modification, may allow for the introduction of glucose redox catalyst Ni2Fe(CN)6 with interestingly strong catalytic effects, which gives LIG–Ni impressive glucose-sensing properties. Additionally, the chemical modification of LIG–Ni for pH and Na+ monitoring also confirmed its strong electrochemical monitoring potential, which demonstrates application prospects in the development of multiple electrochemical sensors for sweat parameters. A more uniform LIG–Ni multi-physiological sensor preparation process provides a prerequisite for the construction of an integrated multi-physiological sensor system. The sensor was validated to have continuous monitoring performance, and its preparation process is expected to form a system for non-invasive physiological parameter signal monitoring, thus contributing to motion monitoring, disease prevention, and disease diagnosis.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2306-5354
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10050620
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2746191-9
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Automatic Cutting Speed Control System of Boom-Type Roadheader Based on Geological Strength Index
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Minerals Vol. 12, No. 12 ( 2022-12-09), p. 1582-
    Details
    In: Minerals, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 12 ( 2022-12-09), p. 1582-
    Abstract: The boom-type roadheader is the foremost mining equipment in coal mines. At present, the automatic cutting technology is still immature for adjusting cutting speed automatically in accordance with rock strength, resulting in energy dissipation. In this study, we put forward a method with respect to detecting the geological strength index of coal seam profile through visual inspection, as well as characterize the geological strength index and control the cutting head for adjusting speed automatically based on inspecting fracture features on coal rock’s surface, aiming at achieving energy conservation control of boom-type roadheader. The image processing algorithm is adopted for detecting joint characteristics of palisades fracture, and a quantitative model of the geological strength index is established. The fractal dimension is used to obtain the distribution of geological strength indicators of a coal seam, and the heading machine’s cutting head is controlled for adjusting speed automatically. A vision control platform of boom-type roadheader is built in the laboratory to perform ground simulation experiments. According to experimental results, the difference between the geological strength index of the coal seam detected through visual inspection and the set value in the geological strength index chart is up to 3.5%, and the results are basically consistent, so the quantification of geological strength index can be performed rapidly and effectively. The average energy consumption of boom-type roadheader decreases by 5.4% after adopting self-adaptation control, realizing energy conservation and consumption reduction as well as intelligent control of coal mine machinery.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2075-163X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/min12121582
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2655947-X
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