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  • MDPI AG  (7)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Development and Evaluation of a Peptide Heterodimeric Tracer Targeting CXCR4 and Integrin αvβ3 for Pancreatic Cancer Imaging
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Pharmaceutics Vol. 14, No. 9 ( 2022-08-26), p. 1791-
    Details
    In: Pharmaceutics, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 9 ( 2022-08-26), p. 1791-
    Abstract: Nowadays, pancreatic cancer is still a formidable disease to diagnose. The CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) and integrin αvβ3 play important roles in tumor development, progression, invasion, and metastasis, which are overexpressed in many types of human cancers. In this study, we developed a heterodimeric tracer 68Ga-yG5-RGD targeting both CXCR4 and integrin αvβ3, and evaluated its feasibility and utility in PET imaging of pancreatic cancer. The 68Ga-yG5-RGD could accumulate in CXCR4/integrin αvβ3 positive BxPC3 tumors in a high concentration and was much higher than that of 68Ga-yG5 (p 〈 0.001) and 68Ga-RGD (p 〈 0.001). No increased uptake of 68Ga-yG5-RGD was found in MX-1 tumors (CXCR4/integrin αvβ3, negative). In addition, the uptake of 68Ga-yG5-RGD in BxPC3 was significantly blocked by excess amounts of AMD3100 (an FDA-approved CXCR4 antagonist) and/or unlabeled RGD (p 〈 0.001), confirming its dual-receptor targeting properties. The ex vivo biodistribution and immunohistochemical results were consistent with the in vivo imaging results. The dual-receptor targeting strategy achieved improved tumor-targeting efficiency and prolonged tumor retention in BxPC3 tumors, suggesting 68Ga-yG5-RGD is a promising tracer for the noninvasive detection of tumors that express either CXCR4 or integrin αvβ3 or both, and therefore may have good prospects for clinical translation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1999-4923
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14091791
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527217-2
    SSG: 15,3
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A Field Study of Work Type Influence on Air Traffic Controllers’ Fatigue Based on Data-Driven PERCLOS Detection
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Vol. 18, No. 22 ( 2021-11-13), p. 11937-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, MDPI AG, Vol. 18, No. 22 ( 2021-11-13), p. 11937-
    Abstract: The fatigue of air traffic controllers (ATCOs) on duty seriously threatens air traffic safety and needs to be managed. ATCOs perform several different types of work, with each type of work having different characteristics. Nonetheless, the influence of work type on an ATCO’s fatigue has yet to be demonstrated. Here, we present a field study in which the fatigue of ATCOs working in two types of work was compared based on an optimized data-driven method that was employed to detect the percentage of eyelid closure over the pupil over time (PERCLOS). Sixty-seven ATCOs working within two typical jobs (i.e., from the terminal control unit (TCU) and area control unit (ACU)) were recruited, and their fatigue was detected immediately before and after shift work using PERCLOS. Using a Spearman correlation test analysis, the results showed that the influence of work type on an ATCO’s fatigue had interesting trends. Specifically, the ATCOs at the TCU who handle departures and arrivals, which include converging with and maneuvering around conflicts, retain normal circadian rhythms. Their fatigue was significantly influenced by the various demands from tasks focusing on sequencing and conflict resolution and by the time phase of a normal circadian rhythm. At the ACU, ATCOs manage flights that are mainly on route, causing monotonous monitoring and routine reporting tasks, and the ATCOs generally have frequent night shifts to handle overflights. Their fatigue was significantly influenced by the demand characteristics from tasks, but changes in fatigue rule were not consistent with a normal circadian rhythm, revealing that the ATCOs’ circadian rhythms may have already been slightly disturbed. Furthermore, the interactions between task demand and circadian rhythm with an ATCO’s fatigue were significantly observed in ATCOs working in the TCU but not in those in the ACU. This study provides first evidence that an ATCO’s work type influences his or her fatigue. This discovery may incite stakeholders to consider work type in the management of employee fatigue, not only in the civil aviation industry but also in other transport industries.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1660-4601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182211937
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2175195-X
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Disruption of the Chitin Biosynthetic Pathway Results in Significant Changes in the Cell Growth Phenotypes and Biosynthesis of Secondary Metabolites of Monascus purpureus
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Journal of Fungi Vol. 8, No. 9 ( 2022-08-27), p. 910-
    Details
    In: Journal of Fungi, MDPI AG, Vol. 8, No. 9 ( 2022-08-27), p. 910-
    Abstract: In this study, the gene monascus-5162 from Monascus purpureus LQ-6, identified as chitin synthase gene VI (chs6), was knocked out to disrupt the chitin biosynthetic pathway and regulate the biosynthesis of Monascus pigments (MPs) and citrinin. The results showed that the aerial hyphae on a solid medium were short and sparse after the deletion of chs6 in M. purpureus LQ-6, significantly reducing the germination percentage of active spores to approximately 22%, but the colony diameter was almost unaffected. Additionally, the deletion of chs6 changed the mycelial morphology of M. purpureus LQ-6 during submerged fermentation and increased its sensitivity to environmental factors. MP and citrinin biosynthesis was dramatically inhibited in the recombinant strain. Furthermore, comparative transcriptome analysis revealed that the pathways related to spore development and growth, including the MAPK signaling pathway, chitin biosynthetic pathway, and regulatory factors LaeA and WetA genes, were significantly downregulated in the early phase of fermentation. The mRNA expression levels of genes in the cluster of secondary metabolites were significantly downregulated, especially those related to citrinin biosynthesis. This is the first detailed study to reveal that chs6 plays a vital role in regulating the cell growth and secondary metabolism of the Monascus genus.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2309-608X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jof8090910
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2784229-0
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Synthesis of a Low-Molecular-Weight Filtrate Reducer and Its Mechanism for Improving High Temperature Resistance of Water-Based Drilling Fluid Gel System
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Gels Vol. 8, No. 10 ( 2022-09-28), p. 619-
    Details
    In: Gels, MDPI AG, Vol. 8, No. 10 ( 2022-09-28), p. 619-
    Abstract: During the exploitation of deep and ultradeep oil and gas resources, the high-temperature problem of deep reservoirs has become a major challenge for water-based drilling fluids. In this study, a novel high-temperature-resistant filtrate reducer (LDMS) with low molecular weight was synthesized using N, N-dimethylacrylamide; sodium p-styrene sulfonate; and maleic anhydride, which can maintain the performance of a drilling fluid gel system under high temperature. Unlike the conventional high-temperature-resistant polymer filtrate reducer, LDMS does not significantly increase the viscosity and yield point of the drilling fluid gel systems. After aging at 210 °C, the filtrate volume of a drilling fluid with 2 wt% LDMS was only 8.0 mL. The mechanism of LDMS was studied by particle size distribution of a drilling fluid gel system, Zeta potential change, adsorption experiment, change of bentonite interlayer spacing, filter cake scanning electron microscope, and related theoretical analysis. The mechanism study revealed that LDMS could be adsorbed on the surface of bentonite particles in large quantities and intercalated into the interlayer of bentonite. Thus, it can improve the hydration degree of bentonite particles and the colloidal stability of the drilling fluid gel system, maintain the content of fine particles in the drilling fluid gel system, form a compact mud cake, and significantly reduce the filtrate volume of the drilling fluid gel system. Therefore, this work will promote the application of a low-molecular-weight polymer filtrate reducer in high-temperature-resistant water-based drilling fluid gel systems.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2310-2861
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/gels8100619
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2813982-3
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Characteristics of Diaphragmatic and Chest Wall Motion in People with Normal Pulmonary Function: A Study with Free-Breathing Dynamic MRI
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Journal of Clinical Medicine Vol. 11, No. 24 ( 2022-12-08), p. 7276-
    Details
    In: Journal of Clinical Medicine, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 24 ( 2022-12-08), p. 7276-
    Abstract: Objective: We aimed to quantitatively study the characteristic of diaphragm and chest wall motion using free-breathing dynamic magnetic resonance imaging (D-MRI) in Chinese people with normal lung function. Methods: 74 male subjects (mean age, 37 ± 11 years old) were prospectively enrolled, and they underwent high-resolution CT(HRCT), pulmonary functional tests (PFTs), and D-MRI in the same day. D-MRI was acquired with a gradient-echo sequence during the quiet and deep breathing. The motion of the diaphragm and chest wall were respectively assessed by measuring thoracic anteroposterior diameter (AP), left–right diameter (LR), cranial–caudal diameter (CC), and thoracic area ratios between end-inspiration and end-expiration. The effect of age, body mass index (BMI), and smoking on respiratory muscle function was also analyzed. Results: The mean ratio of right and left AP was greater than that of LR on three transversal planes during both quiet and deep breathing. The mean ratio at the anterior diaphragm (AND, Quiet: 1.04 ± 0.03; Deep: 1.15 ± 0.09) was weaker than that of the apex (vs. APD, Quiet: 1.08 ± 0.05, p 〈 0.001; Deep: 1.29 ± 0.12, p 〈 0.001) and posterior diaphragm (vs. POD, Quiet: 1.09 ± 0.04, p 〈 0.001; Deep: 1.30 ± 0.12, p 〈 0.001) both in quiet and deep breathing. Compared with non-smokers, the left AP and thoracic area ratios in smokers were significantly decreased (p 〈 0.05). However, the ratios of AP, LR, CC, and thoracic area on each plane were similar among groups in different age and BMI. Conclusions: During both quiet and deep breathing, the chest wall motion is prominent in the anteroposterior direction. The motions of diaphragm apex and posterior diaphragm were more prominent than that of the anterior diaphragm. Smoking may affect the respiratory muscle mobility. Dynamic MRI can quantitatively evaluate the motion of respiratory muscles.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2077-0383
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jcm11247276
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662592-1
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A Study on the Optimization of Surfactants in the Main and Vice Slug in Weak Base ASP Flooding
    MDPI AG ; 2017
    In:  Energies Vol. 10, No. 3 ( 2017-03-03), p. 304-
    Details
    In: Energies, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 3 ( 2017-03-03), p. 304-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1996-1073
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/en10030304
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2437446-5
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Methods of Atmospheric Coherence Length Measurement
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Applied Sciences Vol. 12, No. 6 ( 2022-03-15), p. 2980-
    Details
    In: Applied Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 6 ( 2022-03-15), p. 2980-
    Abstract: Free-space optical (FSO) communication possesses the advantages of high security, large information capacity, high-speed transmission, small terminal size, low power consumption, easy and flexible deployment, etc. It is a promising communication technique, and could be an alternative to optical fiber communication and traditional radio frequency (RF) communication. One of principal challenges that FSO faces is the susceptibility of the atmospheric channel, which is turbulent in nature. After the optical signals propagate over the atmospheric channel, their wavefronts suffer from deleterious perturbation, thus resulting in degradation in the performance of the FSO. This knowledge with respect to FSO links helps to optimize the system design and reduce the adverse effects of atmospheric turbulence. The atmospheric coherence length of FSO links reflects the atmospheric turbulence effects, and it is one of the key parameters of FSO systems. Measuring the atmospheric coherence length, as a result, is of great interest as well as importance to the FSO community. In this paper, several methods associated with atmospheric coherence length measurement are reviewed.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-3417
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/app12062980
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704225-X
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