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  • 1
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    Online Resource
    Bioprospecting of Actinobacterial Diversity and Antibacterial Secondary Metabolites from the Sediments of Four Saline Lakes on the Northern Tibetan Plateau
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Microorganisms Vol. 11, No. 10 ( 2023-10-01), p. 2475-
    Details
    In: Microorganisms, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 10 ( 2023-10-01), p. 2475-
    Abstract: The Tibetan Plateau, known as the “Roof of the World” and “The Third Pole”, harbors numerous saline lakes primarily distributed in the Northern Tibetan Plateau. However, the challenging conditions of high altitude, low oxygen level, and harsh climate have limited investigations into the actinobacteria from these saline lakes. This study focuses on investigating the biodiversity and bioactive secondary metabolites of cultivable actinobacteria isolated from the sediments of four saline lakes on the Northern Tibetan Plateau. A total of 255 actinobacterial strains affiliated with 21 genera in 12 families of 7 orders were recovered by using the pure culture technique and 16S rRNA gene phylogenetic analysis. To facilitate a high-throughput bioactivity evaluation, 192 isolates underwent OSMAC cultivation in a miniaturized 24-well microbioreactor system (MATRIX cultivation). The antibacterial activity of crude extracts was then evaluated in a 96-well plate antibacterial assay. Forty-six strains demonstrated antagonistic effects against at least one tested pathogen, and their underlying antibacterial mechanisms were further investigated through a dual-fluorescent reporter assay (pDualrep2). Two Streptomyces strains (378 and 549) that produce compounds triggering DNA damage were prioritized for subsequent chemical investigations. Metabolomics profiling involving HPLC-UV/vis, UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS, and molecular networking identified three types of bioactive metabolites belonging to the aromatic polyketide family, i.e., cosmomycin, kidamycin, and hedamycin. In-depth analysis of the metabolomic data unveiled some potentially novel anthracycline compounds. A genome mining study based on the whole-genome sequences of strains 378 and 549 identified gene clusters potentially responsible for cosmomycin and kidamycin biosynthesis. This work highlights the effectiveness of combining metabolomic and genomic approaches to rapidly identify bioactive chemicals within microbial extracts. The saline lakes on the Northern Tibetan Plateau present prospective sources for discovering novel actinobacteria and biologically active compounds.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-2607
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11102475
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2720891-6
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  • 2
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    Male and Female Plants of Salix viminalis Perform Similarly to Flooding in Morphology, Anatomy, and Physiology
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Forests Vol. 11, No. 3 ( 2020-03-14), p. 321-
    Details
    In: Forests, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 3 ( 2020-03-14), p. 321-
    Abstract: Salix viminalis L., a dioecious species, is widely distributed in riparian zones, and flooding is one of the most common abiotic stresses that this species suffers. In this study, we investigated the morphological, anatomical, and physiological responses of male vs. female plants of S. viminalis to flooding. The results showed that the plant height and root collar diameter were stimulated by flooding treatment, which corresponded with higher dry weight of the stem and leaf. However, the dry weight of the underground part decreased, which might be due to the primary root having stopped growing. The little-influenced net photosynthesis rate (Pn) under flooding treatment could guarantee rapid growth of the aboveground part, while the unaffected leaf anatomical structure and photosynthetic pigment contents could ensure the normal operation of photosynthetic apparatus. Under a flooding environment, the production ratio of superoxide free radical (O2∙-) and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents increased, indicating that the cell membrane was damaged and oxidative stress was induced. At the same time, the antioxidant enzyme system, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and osmotic adjustment substances, involving proline (Pro) and solute protein (SP), began to play a positive role in resisting flooding stress. Different from our expectation, the male and female plants of S. viminalis performed similarly under flooding, and no significant differences were discovered. The results indicate that both male and female plants of S. viminalis are tolerant to flooding. Thus, both male and female plants of S. viminalis could be planted in frequent flooding zones.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1999-4907
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/f11030321
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527081-3
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  • 3
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    Online Resource
    Effects of Dietary Supplementation of Peanut Skin Proanthocyanidins on Growth Performance and Lipid Metabolism of the Juvenile American Eel (Anguilla rostrata)
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Animals Vol. 12, No. 18 ( 2022-09-12), p. 2375-
    Details
    In: Animals, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 18 ( 2022-09-12), p. 2375-
    Abstract: As a functional feed additive, grape seed proanthocyanidin extract has received a lot of attention due to its biological activity in the health of aquatic animals, but its high cost limits the application of this feed additive in the diet of many fish species. It is thus urgent to develop a new resource of proanthocyanidin extract. We aimed to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with peanut skin proanthocyanidins (PSPc) on growth parameters and lipid metabolism of juvenile American eel (Anguilla rostrata). Four hundred and fifty juvenile eels were randomly divided into five groups fed diets with five PSPc supplementation levels. The trial lasted for 8 weeks. Dietary PSPc supplementation significantly improved weight gain and feed utilization, and the best growth performance was found in the group fed with 900 mg/kg PSPc. PSPc supplementation significantly affected the crude protein level of whole fish and serum lipid parameters, and the best lipid-lowering effect was found in the fish fed with 900 mg/kg PSPc. Dietary PSPc supplementation increased lipolytic enzyme activities and decrease lipid synthase levels in the liver. The lipid metabolites affected by 900 mg/kg PSPc in the liver were mainly upregulated phosphatidylethanolamine in autophagy, downregulated ceramides in sphingolipid metabolism, upregulated phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine, downregulated 2-lysophosphatidylcholine in glycerophospholipid metabolism, and upregulated phosphatidylcholine in linoleic acid metabolism. In conclusion, an appropriate level of PSPc might effectively improve growth performance and regulate the lipid metabolism of the juvenile American eel, and 900 mg/kg PSPc is recommended in the diet of this fish species.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-2615
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ani12182375
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2606558-7
    SSG: 23
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  • 4
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    A Novel Enzootic Nasal Tumor Virus Circulating in Goats from Southern China
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Viruses Vol. 11, No. 10 ( 2019-10-17), p. 956-
    Details
    In: Viruses, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 10 ( 2019-10-17), p. 956-
    Abstract: Enzootic nasal tumor virus (ENTV) has two types, ENTV-1 in sheep and ENTV-2 in goats, respectively. In China, the incidence of ENTV-2 related diseases has increased year by year. In this study, we reported an outbreak of ENTV-2 in a commercial goat farm in Qingyuan city, Guangdong province, southern China. A full-length genome of ENTV-2 (designated GDQY2017), with 7479 base pairs, was sequenced. Although GDQY2017 shared the highest nucleotide identity with a Chinese ENTV-2 isolate (ENTV-2CHN4, GenBank accession number KU258873), it possesses distinct genome characteristics undescribed, including a non-continuous 21-nucleotide insertion in the gag gene and a non-continuous 12-nucleotide deletion in the env gene. Notably, most of these indel nucleotide sequences were originated from a Chinese jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus (JSRV) isolate (GenBank accession number DQ838494). In the gag and env genes, GDQY2017 was phylogenetically related to those Chinese ENTV-2 isolates and a Chinese JSRV isolate (DQ838494). For GDQY2017-like viruses, more surveillance work should be made to explain their pathogenicity in goat herds. To our knowledge, this study represents the first to demonstrate the circulating pattern of ENTV-2 in Guangdong province, China, which will help to better understand the epidemiology and genetic diversity of ENTV-2.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1999-4915
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/v11100956
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2516098-9
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  • 5
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    Online Resource
    Fucoxanthin Prevents Long-Term Administration l-DOPA-Induced Neurotoxicity through the ERK/JNK-c-Jun System in 6-OHDA-Lesioned Mice and PC12 Cells
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Marine Drugs Vol. 20, No. 4 ( 2022-03-31), p. 245-
    Details
    In: Marine Drugs, MDPI AG, Vol. 20, No. 4 ( 2022-03-31), p. 245-
    Abstract: As the most abundant marine carotenoid extracted from seaweeds, fucoxanthin is considered to have neuroprotective activity via its excellent antioxidant properties. Oxidative stress is regarded as an important starting factor for neuronal cell loss and necrosis, is one of the causes of Parkinson’s disease (PD), and is considered to be the cause of adverse reactions caused by the current PD commonly used treatment drug levodopa (l-DA). Supplementation with antioxidants early in PD can effectively prevent neurodegeneration and inhibit apoptosis in dopaminergic neurons. At present, the effect of fucoxanthin in improving the adverse effects triggered by long-term l-DA administration in PD patients is unclear. In the present study, we found that fucoxanthin can reduce cytotoxicity and suppress the high concentration of l-DA (200 μM)-mediated cell apoptosis in the 6-OHDA-induced PC12 cells through improving the reduction in mitochondrial membrane potential, suppressing ROS over-expression, and inhibiting active of ERK/JNK-c-Jun system and expression of caspase-3 protein. These results were demonstrated by PD mice with long-term administration of l-DA showing enhanced motor ability after intervention with fucoxanthin. Our data indicate that fucoxanthin may prove useful in the treatment of PD patients with long-term l-DA administration.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1660-3397
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/md20040245
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2175190-0
    SSG: 15,3
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  • 6
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    Online Resource
    Thermal Stability of YSZ Thick Thermal Barrier Coatings Deposited by Suspension and Atmospheric Plasma Spraying
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Crystals Vol. 10, No. 11 ( 2020-10-30), p. 984-
    Details
    In: Crystals, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 11 ( 2020-10-30), p. 984-
    Abstract: Two types of segmentation-crack structured yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) thick thermal barrier coatings ( 〉 500 μm, TTBCs) were deposited onto the stainless steel substrates using atmospheric plasma spraying (APS) and suspension plasma spraying (SPS) process, respectively. In this work, thermal aging behaviors, such as the microstructures, phase compositions, grain growth, and mechanical properties of APS TTBCs and SPS TTBCs, were systematically investigated. Results showed that both as-sprayed TTBCs exhibited a typical segmentation-crack structure in the through-thickness direction. APS coatings mainly comprised of larger columnar crystals, while a large number of smaller equiaxed grains existed in SPS coatings. Both of the coatings underwent tetragonal-monoclinic phase transformation after 155 °C/40 h heat treatment. The poorer phase stability of SPS TTBCs may have a connection with smaller grain size. Thermal-aged APS and SPS coatings exhibited a significant increase in H and E values with the rising of thermal aging temperature, and for the samples that thermal aged at 1550 °C, the H and E values increased sharply during initial stage then decreased after 80 h due to the phase decomposition. The segmented APS coatings had weak bonding between the lamellaes during thermal exposure, which caused the mean Vickers hardness value of APS TTBCs to be much lower than that of SPS TTBCs.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4352
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/cryst10110984
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2661516-2
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  • 7
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    Prediction of the Short-Term Therapeutic Effect of Anti-VEGF Therapy for Diabetic Macular Edema Using a Generative Adversarial Network with OCT Images
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Journal of Clinical Medicine Vol. 11, No. 10 ( 2022-05-19), p. 2878-
    Details
    In: Journal of Clinical Medicine, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 10 ( 2022-05-19), p. 2878-
    Abstract: Purpose: To generate and evaluate individualized post-therapeutic optical coherence tomography (OCT) images that could predict the short-term response of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy for diabetic macular edema (DME) based on pre-therapeutic images using generative adversarial network (GAN). Methods: Real-world imaging data were collected at the Department of Ophthalmology, Qilu Hospital. A total of 561 pairs of pre-therapeutic and post-therapeutic OCT images of patients with DME were retrospectively included in the training set, 71 pre-therapeutic OCT images were included in the validation set, and their corresponding post-therapeutic OCT images were used to evaluate the synthetic images. A pix2pixHD method was adopted to predict post-therapeutic OCT images in DME patients that received anti-VEGF therapy. The quality and similarity of synthetic OCT images were evaluated independently by a screening experiment and an evaluation experiment. Results: The post-therapeutic OCT images generated by the GAN model based on big data were comparable to the actual images, and the response of edema resorption was also close to the ground truth. Most synthetic images (65/71) were difficult to differentiate from the actual OCT images by retinal specialists. The mean absolute error (MAE) of the central macular thickness (CMT) between the synthetic OCT images and the actual images was 24.51 ± 18.56 μm. Conclusions: The application of GAN can objectively demonstrate the individual short-term response of anti-VEGF therapy one month in advance based on OCT images with high accuracy, which could potentially help to improve treatment compliance of DME patients, identify patients who are not responding well to treatment and optimize the treatment program.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2077-0383
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jcm11102878
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662592-1
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