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  • MDPI AG  (1,338)
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  • MDPI AG  (1,338)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Rapid and Broad Immune Efficacy of a Recombinant Five-Antigen Vaccine against Staphylococcus aureus Infection in Animal Models
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Vaccines Vol. 8, No. 1 ( 2020-03-18), p. 134-
    Details
    In: Vaccines, MDPI AG, Vol. 8, No. 1 ( 2020-03-18), p. 134-
    Abstract: Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a leading cause of both healthcare-and community-associated infections globally, which result in severe disease and readily developing antibiotic resistance. Developing an efficacious vaccine against S. aureus is urgently required. In the present study, we selected five conserved antigens, including the secreted factors α-hemolysin (Hla), staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) and the three surface proteins staphylococcal protein A (SpA), iron surface determinant B N2 domain (IsdB-N2) and manganese transport protein C (MntC). They were all well-characterized virulence factor of S. aureus and developed a recombinant five-antigen S. aureus vaccine (rFSAV), rFSAV provided consistent protection in S. aureus lethal sepsis and pneumonia mouse models, and it showed broad immune protection when challenged with a panel of epidemiologically relevant S. aureus strains. Meanwhile, rFSAV immunized mice were able to induce comprehensive cellular and humoral immune responses to reduce bacterial loads, inflammatory cytokine expression, inflammatory cell infiltration and decrease pathology after challenge with a sub-lethal dose of S. aureus. Moreover, the importance of specific antibodies in protection was demonstrated by antibody function tests in vitro and in vivo. Altogether, our data demonstrate that rFSAV is a potentially promising vaccine candidate for defensing against S. aureus infection.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-393X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8010134
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2703319-3
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Fabrication of a Plasmonic Heterojunction for Degradation of Oxytetracycline Hydrochloride and Removal of Cr(VI) from Water
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Catalysts Vol. 12, No. 12 ( 2022-11-23), p. 1498-
    Details
    In: Catalysts, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 12 ( 2022-11-23), p. 1498-
    Abstract: A novel Ag/Ag2CO3/BiVO4 plasmonic photocatalyst was successfully prepared by depositing Ag nanoparticles on the surface of Ag2CO3/BiVO4 through the photoreduction reaction. Due to the existence of this novel heterojunction photocatalyst structure, not only can it prevent the photogenerated charge recombination, but the unique properties of Ag also have a great advantage in the absorption of light. The Ag/Ag2CO3/BiVO4 photocatalyst showed good catalytic performance in the degradation of oxytetracycline hydrochloride (OTH) and removal of Cr6+, and the degradation rate of OTH reached 98.0% after 150 min of illumination. The successful preparation of Ag/Ag2CO3/BiVO4 was confirmed by a series of characterization methods, and the importance of •OH and h+ radicals in the degradation of OTH was demonstrated. In addition, the photocatalytic mechanism of Ag/Ag2CO3/BiVO4 photocatalyst was systematically studied in terms of degradation of OTH and reduction of Cr6+. This study is of great importance for the development of novel plasmonic heterojunction photocatalysts and to meet future environmental requirements.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4344
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/catal12121498
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662126-5
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Improved Vibration Signal Models of Localized Faults of Sun Gears to Predict Modulation
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Symmetry Vol. 15, No. 9 ( 2023-08-22), p. 1621-
    Details
    In: Symmetry, MDPI AG, Vol. 15, No. 9 ( 2023-08-22), p. 1621-
    Abstract: The vibration modulation of the localized faults of sun gears is complicated because of the structure and motion features of planetary gearboxes. It is challenging to completely determine the vibration modulation mechanism. To address this issue, the influences of fluctuations in speed on the factors that affect vibration like the transfer path function, time-varying projection function, and meshing force were studied. Improved vibration amplitude and frequency modulation models were then established by combining the factors affecting vibration considering the speed fluctuations caused by the localized faults of sun gears. Regarding the features of vibration modulation of localized faults of sun gears, we concluded that both fault feature frequency and carrier rotational frequency modulate the harmonics of the meshing frequency, which form two groups of modulation sidebands. In addition, the harmonics of the fault feature frequency over the whole frequency range are modulated by the rotational frequency of the carrier, which is more dominant in the resonance domain. The experimental results of localized faults of sun gears strongly agree with those deduced using the proposed models. This research contributes an effective frequency indicator that can be used to confirm the condition of planetary gearboxes.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-8994
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/sym15091621
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518382-5
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Association of LPP and TAGAP Polymorphisms with Celiac Disease Risk: A Meta-Analysis
    MDPI AG ; 2017
    In:  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Vol. 14, No. 2 ( 2017-02-10), p. 171-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 2 ( 2017-02-10), p. 171-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1660-4601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14020171
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2175195-X
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Regulation and Function of Laminin A5 during Mouse and Human Decidualization
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 23, No. 1 ( 2021-12-24), p. 199-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 23, No. 1 ( 2021-12-24), p. 199-
    Abstract: Decidualization is essential to the establishment of pregnancy in rodents and primates. Laminin A5 (encoding by Laminin α5) is a member of the laminin family, which is mainly expressed in the basement membranes. Although laminins regulate cellular phenotype maintenance, adhesion, migration, growth, and differentiation, the expression, function, and regulation of laminin A5 during early pregnancy are still unknown. Therefore, we investigated the expression and role of laminin A5 during mouse and human decidualization. Laminin A5 is highly expressed in mouse decidua and artificially induced deciduoma. Laminin A5 is significantly increased under in vitro decidualization. Laminin A5 knockdown significantly inhibits the expression of Prl8a2, a marker for mouse decidualization. Progesterone stimulates the expression of laminin A5 in ovariectomized mouse uterus and cultured mouse stromal cells. We also show that progesterone regulates laminin A5 through the PKA-CREB-C/EBPβ pathway. Laminin A5 is also highly expressed in human pregnant decidua and cultured human endometrial stromal cells during in vitro decidualization. Laminin A5 knockdown by siRNA inhibits human in vitro decidualization. Collectively, our study reveals that laminin A5 may play a pivotal role during mouse and human decidualization via the PKA-CREB-C/EBPβ pathway.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010199
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Study on Biopharmaceutics Classification and Oral Bioavailability of a Novel Multikinase Inhibitor NCE for Cancer Therapy
    MDPI AG ; 2014
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 15, No. 5 ( 2014-04-25), p. 7199-7212
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 15, No. 5 ( 2014-04-25), p. 7199-7212
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms15057199
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2014
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Shack–Hartmann Wavefront Sensing Based on Four-Quadrant Binary Phase Modulation
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Photonics Vol. 9, No. 8 ( 2022-08-16), p. 575-
    Details
    In: Photonics, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 8 ( 2022-08-16), p. 575-
    Abstract: Aiming at the problem that it is difficult for the conventional Shack–Hartmann wavefront sensor to achieve high-precision wavefront reconstruction with low spatial sampling, a kind of Shack–Hartmann wavefront sensing technology based on four-quadrant binary phase modulation is proposed in this paper. By introducing four-quadrant binary phase modulation into each subaperture, the technology is able to use an optimization algorithm to reconstruct wavefronts with high precision. The feasibility and effectiveness of this method are verified at extreme low spatial frequency by a series of numerical simulations, which show that the proposed method can reliably reconstruct wavefronts with high accuracy with rather low spatial sampling. In addition, the experiment demonstrates that with a 2 × 2 microlens array, the four-quadrant binary phase-modulated Shack–Hartmann wavefront sensor is able to achieve approximately 54% reduction in wavefront reconstitution error over the conventional Shack–Hartmann wavefront sensor.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2304-6732
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/photonics9080575
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2770002-1
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    MAIAD: A Multistage Asymmetric Information Attack and Defense Model Based on Evolutionary Game Theory
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Symmetry Vol. 11, No. 2 ( 2019-02-13), p. 215-
    Details
    In: Symmetry, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 2 ( 2019-02-13), p. 215-
    Abstract: With the rapid development and widespread applications of Internet of Things (IoT) systems, the corresponding security issues are getting more and more serious. This paper proposes a multistage asymmetric information attack and defense model (MAIAD) for IoT systems. Under the premise of asymmetric information, MAIAD extends the single-stage game model with dynamic and evolutionary game theory. By quantifying the benefits for both the attack and defense, MAIAD can determine the optimal defense strategy for IoT systems. Simulation results show that the model can select the optimal security defense strategy for various IoT systems.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-8994
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/sym11020215
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518382-5
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    PTC-MAS: A Deep Learning-Based Preoperative Automatic Assessment of Lymph Node Metastasis in Primary Thyroid Cancer
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Diagnostics Vol. 13, No. 10 ( 2023-05-12), p. 1723-
    Details
    In: Diagnostics, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 10 ( 2023-05-12), p. 1723-
    Abstract: Background: Identifying cervical lymph node metastasis (LNM) in primary thyroid cancer preoperatively using ultrasound is challenging. Therefore, a non-invasive method is needed to assess LNM accurately. Purpose: To address this need, we developed the Primary Thyroid Cancer Lymph Node Metastasis Assessment System (PTC-MAS), a transfer learning-based and B-mode ultrasound images-based automatic assessment system for assessing LNM in primary thyroid cancer. Methods: The system has two parts: YOLO Thyroid Nodule Recognition System (YOLOS) for obtaining regions of interest (ROIs) of nodules, and LMM assessment system for building the LNM assessment system using transfer learning and majority voting with extracted ROIs as input. We retained the relative size features of nodules to improve the system’s performance. Results: We evaluated three transfer learning-based neural networks (DenseNet, ResNet, and GoogLeNet) and majority voting, which had the area under the curves (AUCs) of 0.802, 0.837, 0.823, and 0.858, respectively. Method III preserved relative size features and achieved higher AUCs than Method II, which fixed nodule size. YOLOS achieved high precision and sensitivity on a test set, indicating its potential for ROIs extraction. Conclusions: Our proposed PTC-MAS system effectively assesses primary thyroid cancer LNM based on preserving nodule relative size features. It has potential for guiding treatment modalities and avoiding inaccurate ultrasound results due to tracheal interference.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2075-4418
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13101723
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662336-5
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Actional Mechanisms of Active Ingredients in Functional Food Adlay for Human Health
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Molecules Vol. 27, No. 15 ( 2022-07-27), p. 4808-
    Details
    In: Molecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 27, No. 15 ( 2022-07-27), p. 4808-
    Abstract: Medicinal and food homologous adlay (Coix lachryma-jobi L. var. ma-yuen Stapf) plays an important role in natural products promoting human health. We demonstrated the systematic actional mechanism of functional ingredients in adlay to promote human health, based on the PubMed, CNKI, Google, and ISI Web of Science databases from 1988 to 2022. Adlay and its extracts are rich in 30 ingredients with more than 20 health effects based on human and animal or cell cultures: they are anti-cancer, anti-inflammation, anti-obesity, liver protective, anti-virus, gastroprotective, cardiovascular protective, anti-hypertension, heart disease preventive, melanogenesis inhibiting, anti-allergy, endocrine regulating, anti-diabetes, anti-cachexia, osteoporosis preventive, analgesic, neuroprotecting, suitable for the treatment of gout arthritis, life extending, anti-fungi, and detoxifying effects. Function components with anti-oxidants are rich in adlay. These results support the notion that adlay seeds may be one of the best functional foods and further reveal the action mechanism of six major functional ingredients (oils, polysaccharides, phenols, phytosterols, coixol, and resistant starch) for combating diseases. This review paper not only reveals the action mechanisms of adding adlay to the diet to overcome 17 human diseases, but also provides a scientific basis for the development of functional foods and drugs for the treatment of human diseases.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1420-3049
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/molecules27154808
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008644-1
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