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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Synthesis of Lead-Free CaTiO3 Oxide Perovskite Film through Solution Combustion Method and Its Thickness-Dependent Hysteresis Behaviors within 100 mV Operation
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Molecules Vol. 26, No. 18 ( 2021-09-07), p. 5446-
    Details
    In: Molecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 26, No. 18 ( 2021-09-07), p. 5446-
    Abstract: Perovskite is attracting considerable interest because of its excellent semiconducting properties and optoelectronic performance. In particular, lead perovskites have been used extensively in photovoltaic, photodetectors, thin-film transistors, and various electronic applications. On the other hand, the elimination of lead is essential because of its strong toxicity. This paper reports the synthesis of lead-free calcium titanate perovskite (CaTiO3) using a solution-processed combustion method. The chemical and morphological properties of CaTiO3 were examined as a function of its thickness by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and ultraviolet–visible spectrophotometry. The analysis showed that thicker films formed by a cumulative coating result in larger grains and more oxygen vacancies. Furthermore, thickness-dependent hysteresis behaviors were examined by fabricating a metal-CaTiO3-metal structure. The electrical hysteresis could be controlled over an extremely low voltage operation, as low as 100 mV, by varying the grain size and oxygen vacancies.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1420-3049
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/molecules26185446
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008644-1
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Blended Polymer Dry Electrodes for Reliable Electrocardiogram and Electromyogram Measurements and Their Eco-Friendly Disposal Led by Degradability in Hot Water
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Polymers Vol. 14, No. 13 ( 2022-06-26), p. 2586-
    Details
    In: Polymers, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 13 ( 2022-06-26), p. 2586-
    Abstract: To increase the human lifespan, healthcare monitoring devices that diagnose diseases and check body conditions have attracted considerable interest. Commercial AgCl-based wet electrodes with the advantages of high conductivity and strong adaptability to human skin are considered the most frequently used electrode material for healthcare monitoring. However, commercial AgCl-based wet electrodes, when exposed for a long period, cause an evaporation of organic solvents, which could reduce the signal-to-noise ratio of biosignals and stimulate human skin. In this context, we demonstrate a dry electrode for a poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS)-based blended polymer electrode using a combination of PEDOT:PSS, waterborne polyurethane (WPU) and ethylene glycol (EG) that could be reused for a long period of time to detect electrocardiography (ECG) and electromyography (EMG). Both ECG and EMG are reliably detected by the wireless real-time monitoring system. In particular, the proposed dry electrode detects biosignals without deterioration for over 2 weeks. Additionally, a double layer of a polyimide (PI) substrate and fluorinated polymer CYTOP induces the strong waterproof characteristics of external liquids for the proposed dry electrodes, having a low surface energy of 14.49 mN/m. In addition, the proposed electrode has excellent degradability in water; it dissolves in hot water at 60 °C.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4360
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/polym14132586
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527146-5
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Tung Oil-Based Production of High 3-Hydroxyhexanoate-Containing Terpolymer Poly(3-Hydroxybutyrate-co-3-Hydroxyvalerate-co-3-Hydroxyhexanoate) Using Engineered Ralstonia eutropha
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Polymers Vol. 13, No. 7 ( 2021-03-29), p. 1084-
    Details
    In: Polymers, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 7 ( 2021-03-29), p. 1084-
    Abstract: Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are attractive new bioplastics for the replacement of plastics derived from fossil fuels. With their biodegradable properties, they have also recently been applied to the medical field. As poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) produced by wild-type Ralstonia eutropha has limitations with regard to its physical properties, it is advantageous to synthesize co- or terpolymers with medium-chain-length monomers. In this study, tung oil, which has antioxidant activity due to its 80% α-eleostearic acid content, was used as a carbon source and terpolymer P(53 mol% 3-hydroxybytyrate-co-2 mol% 3-hydroxyvalerate-co-45 mol% 3-hydroxyhexanoate) with a high proportion of 3-hydroxyhexanoate was produced in R. eutropha Re2133/pCB81. To avail the benefits of α-eleostearic acid in the tung oil-based medium, we performed partial harvesting of PHA by using a mild water wash to recover PHA and residual tung oil on the PHA film. This resulted in a film coated with residual tung oil, showing antioxidant activity. Here, we report the first application of tung oil as a substrate for PHA production, introducing a high proportion of hydroxyhexanoate monomer into the terpolymer. Additionally, the residual tung oil was used as an antioxidant coating, resulting in the production of bioactive PHA, expanding the applicability to the medical field.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4360
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/polym13071084
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527146-5
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Association between CHADS2, CHA2DS2-VASc, ATRIA, and Essen Stroke Risk Scores and Functional Outcomes in Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients Who Received Endovascular Thrombectomy
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Journal of Clinical Medicine Vol. 11, No. 19 ( 2022-09-23), p. 5599-
    Details
    In: Journal of Clinical Medicine, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 19 ( 2022-09-23), p. 5599-
    Abstract: Background: CHADS2, CHA2DS2-VASc, ATRIA, and Essen stroke risk scores are used to estimate thromboembolism risk. We aimed to investigate the association between unfavorable outcomes and stroke risk scores in patients who received endovascular thrombectomy (EVT). Methods: This study was performed using data from a nationwide, multicenter registry to explore the selection criteria for patients who would benefit from reperfusion therapies. We calculated pre-admission CHADS2, CHA2DS2-VASc, ATRIA, and Essen scores for each patient who received EVT and compared the relationship between these scores and 3-month modified Rankin Scale (mRS) records. Results: Among the 404 patients who received EVT, 213 (52.7%) patients had unfavorable outcomes (mRS 3–6). All scores were significantly higher in patients with unfavorable outcomes than in those with favorable outcomes. Multivariable logistic regression analysis indicated that CHADS2 and the ATRIA score were positively correlated with unfavorable outcomes after adjusting for body mass index and variables with p 〈 0.1 in the univariable analysis (CHADS2 score: odds ratio [OR], 1.484; 95% confidence interval [CI] , 1.290–1.950; p = 0.005, ATRIA score, OR, 1.128; 95% CI, 1.041–1.223; p = 0.004). Conclusions: The CHADS2 and ATRIA scores were positively correlated with unfavorable outcomes and could be used to predict unfavorable outcomes in patients who receive EVT.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2077-0383
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jcm11195599
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662592-1
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Preventive Effect of Garlic Oil and Its Organosulfur Component Diallyl-Disulfide on Cigarette Smoke-Induced Airway Inflammation in Mice
    MDPI AG ; 2018
    In:  Nutrients Vol. 10, No. 11 ( 2018-11-04), p. 1659-
    Details
    In: Nutrients, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 11 ( 2018-11-04), p. 1659-
    Abstract: Garlic (Allium sativum) has traditionally been used as a medicinal food and exhibits various beneficial activities, such as antitumor, antimicrobial, hypolipidemic, antiarthritic, and hypoglycemic activities. The aim of this study was to explore the preventive effect of garlic oil (GO) and its organosulfur component diallyl disulfide (DADS) on cigarette smoke (CS)-induced airway inflammation. Mice were exposed to CS daily for 1 h (equivalent to eight cigarettes per day) for two weeks, and intranasally instilled with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on day 12 after the initiation of CS exposure. GO and DADS were administered to mice by oral gavage, both at rates of 20 and 40 mg/kg, for 1 h before CS exposure for two weeks. In the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, GO and DADS inhibited the elevation in the counts of inflammatory cells, particularly neutrophils, which were induced in the CS and LPS (CS + LPS) group. This was accompanied by the lowered production (relative to the CS + LPS group) of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α. Histologically, GO and DADS inhibited the CS- and LPS-induced infiltration of inflammatory cells into lung tissues. Additionally, GO and DADS inhibited the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase and the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 in the lung tissues. Taken together, these findings indicate that GO and DADS could be a potential preventive agent in CS-induced airway inflammation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6643
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/nu10111659
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518386-2
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Association between CHADS2, CHA2DS2-VASc, ATRIA, and Essen Stroke Risk Scores and Unsuccessful Recanalization after Endovascular Thrombectomy in Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Journal of Clinical Medicine Vol. 11, No. 1 ( 2022-01-05), p. 274-
    Details
    In: Journal of Clinical Medicine, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 1 ( 2022-01-05), p. 274-
    Abstract: Background: The CHADS2, CHA2DS2-VASc, ATRIA, and Essen scores have been developed for predicting vascular outcomes in stroke patients. We investigated the association between these stroke risk scores and unsuccessful recanalization after endovascular thrombectomy (EVT). Methods: From the nationwide multicenter registry (Selection Criteria in Endovascular Thrombectomy and Thrombolytic therapy (SECRET)) (Clinicaltrials.gov NCT02964052), we consecutively included 501 patients who underwent EVT. We identified pre-admission stroke risk scores in each included patient. Results: Among 501 patients who underwent EVT, 410 (81.8%) patients achieved successful recanalization (mTICI ≥ 2b). Adjusting for body mass index and p 〈 0.1 in univariable analysis revealed the association between all stroke risk scores and unsuccessful recanalization (CHADS2 score: odds ratio (OR) 1.551, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.198–2.009, p = 0.001; CHA2DS2VASc score: OR 1.269, 95% CI 1.080–1.492, p = 0.004; ATRIA score: OR 1.089, 95% CI 1.011–1.174, p = 0.024; and Essen score: OR 1.469, 95% CI 1.167–1.849, p = 0.001). The CHADS2 score had the highest AUC value and differed significantly only from the Essen score (AUC of CHADS2 score; 0.618, 95% CI 0.554–0.681). Conclusion: All stroke risk scores were associated with unsuccessful recanalization after EVT. Our study suggests that these stroke risk scores could be used to predict recanalization in stroke patients undergoing EVT.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2077-0383
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jcm11010274
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Identification and Genome Analysis of Vibrio coralliilyticus Causing Mortality of Pacific Oyster (Crassostrea gigas) Larvae
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Pathogens Vol. 9, No. 3 ( 2020-03-11), p. 206-
    Details
    In: Pathogens, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 3 ( 2020-03-11), p. 206-
    Abstract: Vibrio coralliilyticus is known as a coral pathogen that also infects marine bivalve larvae worldwide. It is considered to be one of the major constraints in artificial marine bivalve seed production as it causes mortality. In this study, we first isolated and characterized a high virulent of V. coralliilyticus designated as SNUTY-1 that was the cause of Pacific oyster larvae mortality in Korea. In the pathogenicity test, exposure to 2.14 × 105 CFU/mL for 24 h caused mortality to 88.65 ± 2.4% of the tested healthy Pacific oyster larvae. SNUTY-1 showed anti-microbial resistance to β-lactams, such as penicillins, cephalosporins, and carbapenems. We sequenced and assembled the complete genome of SNUTY-1 (5,842,676 bp), consisting of two chromosomes (Chr I and Chr II) and two plasmids (pSNUTY1 and pSNUTY2). The COG functional analysis confirmed that Chr I had more genes associated with basic cellular functions in comparison to Chr II. The results of the phylogenetic trees based on OrthoANI values indicated that the SNUTY-1 was closely related to V. coralliilyticus strains. SNUTY-1 had a unique plasmid (pSNUTY2), which could mean that the Korean isolate is different from other sequenced V. coralliilyticus strains from different geographical origins. Toxic proteins such as cytolysin/hemolysin and extracellular metalloprotease genes were encoded on Chr I and Chr II of SNUTY-1. These data facilitate the control of V. coralliilyticus infections in aquaculture by providing valuable insights into the biodiversity of this organism and valuable information for the study of virulence factors.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-0817
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9030206
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2695572-6
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Genetic Characterization and Pathological Analysis of a Novel Bacterial Pathogen, Pseudomonas tructae, in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Microorganisms Vol. 7, No. 10 ( 2019-10-10), p. 432-
    Details
    In: Microorganisms, MDPI AG, Vol. 7, No. 10 ( 2019-10-10), p. 432-
    Abstract: Pseudomonas species are one of the most prevalent bacterial species globally distributed in forest soil, river water, and human or animal skin. Some species are pathogens or opportunistic pathogens in hospitalized patients, animals, and plants. Various Pseudomonas species, including Pseudomonas putida, P. plecoglossicida, P. aeruginosa, and P. fluorescens, are known fish pathogens; P. fluorescens and P. putida cause severe losses in rainbow trout farming. Therefore, we investigated and isolated the pathogen that is responsible for mortality in a rainbow trout farm in Korea. The isolated bacterium was a strain of P. tructae, which was recently classified in the P. putida group. We performed taxonomical analysis of the bacteria in our previous study. In this study, we investigated the pathogenicity and clinical symptoms of P. tructae and analyzed its genomic characteristics. The pathogenicity of the strain was tested via challenge experiments in healthy rainbow trout and histopathologic analysis of the infected fish. Genome sequence was analyzed to identify the bacterial genes that are involved in antibiotic resistance and virulence. This is the first study reporting P. tructae as an emerging pathogen that is responsible for mortality in rainbow trout fisheries and providing the genome sequence of P. tructae.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-2607
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7100432
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2720891-6
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  • 9
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    Online Resource
    Picocyanobacterial Contribution to the Total Primary Production in the Northwestern Pacific Ocean
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Water Vol. 13, No. 11 ( 2021-06-07), p. 1610-
    Details
    In: Water, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 11 ( 2021-06-07), p. 1610-
    Abstract: Picocyanobacteria (Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus) play an important role in primary production and biogeochemical cycles in the subtropical and tropical Pacific Ocean, but little biological information on them is currently available in the North Pacific Ocean (NPO). The present study aimed to determine the picocyanobacterial contributions to the total primary production in the regions in the NPO using a combination of a dual stable isotope method and metabolic inhibitor. In terms of cell abundance, Prochlorococcus were mostly dominant (95.7 ± 1.4%) in the tropical Pacific region (hereafter, TP), whereas Synechococcus accounted for 50.8%–93.5% in the subtropical and temperate Pacific region (hereafter, SP). Regionally, the averages of primary production and picocyanobacterial contributions were 11.66 mg C m−2·h−1 and 45.2% (±4.8%) in the TP and 22.83 mg C m−2·h−1 and 70.2% in the SP, respectively. In comparison to the carbon, the average total nitrogen uptake rates and picocyanobacterial contributions were 10.11 mg N m−2·h−1 and 90.2% (±5.3%) in the TP and 4.12 mg N m−2·h−1 and 63.5%, respectively. These results indicate that picocyanobacteria is responsible for a large portion of the total primary production in the region, with higher contribution to nitrogen uptake rate than carbon. A long-term monitoring on the picocyanobacterial variability and contributions to primary production should be implemented under the global warming scenario with increasing ecological roles of picocyanobacteria.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4441
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/w13111610
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2521238-2
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