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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Association between Wearing a Mask and COVID-19
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Vol. 18, No. 17 ( 2021-08-30), p. 9131-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, MDPI AG, Vol. 18, No. 17 ( 2021-08-30), p. 9131-
    Abstract: With the widespread and increasing number of cases of Coronavirus Disease (2019) globally, countries have been taking preventive measures against this pandemic. However, there is no universal agreement across cultures on whether wearing face masks are an effective physical intervention against disease transmission. We investigated the relationship between mask wearing and COVID-19 among close contacts of COVID-19 patients in the Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan. In the Hiroshima Prefecture, a COVID-19 form adapted from the reporting form, “Japanese Surveillance in Post-Extreme Emergencies and Disasters”, was developed to collect data from COVID-19 patients’ close contacts under active epidemiological surveillance at Public Health Centers. The relative risk of COVID-19 for mask users versus non-mask users was calculated. A total of 820 interviewees were included in the analysis and 53.3% of them responded that they wore masks. Non-mask users were infected at a rate of 16.4%, while mask users were infected at a rate of 7.1%. Those who wore masks were infected at a rate of 0.4 times that of those who did not wear masks. (RR = 0.4, 95%CI = 0.3–0.6; Adjusted RR = 0.6, 95%CI = 0.3–0.9). These findings implied that COVID-19 could be avoided to a certain degree by wearing a mask.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1660-4601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18179131
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2175195-X
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Potential Risk Factors to COVID-19 Severity: Comparison of SARS-CoV-2 Delta- and Omicron-Dominant Periods
    MDPI AG ; 2024
    In:  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Vol. 21, No. 3 ( 2024-03-10), p. 322-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, MDPI AG, Vol. 21, No. 3 ( 2024-03-10), p. 322-
    Abstract: Background: Continued study of risk factors can inform future pandemic preparedness and response. We aimed to determine the potential risk factors of COVID-19 severity among patients admitted to the hospital during the Delta- and Omicron-dominant periods. Methods: We utilized the J-SPEED-style COVID-19 Hospital version, a pre-administered questionnaire, to collect data from hospitals in Hiroshima Prefecture between 8 August 2021 and 19 April 2022. Results: During the Delta-dominant period, patients aged over 65 (OR = 2.59, 95% CI = 1.75–3.84), males (OR = 1.42, 95% CI = 1.12–1.81) and with BMI exceeding 25 (OR = 1.99, 95% CI = 1.57–2.52), diabetes (OR = 2.03, 95% CI = 1.40–2.95), and those with fewer than two doses of vaccine (OR = 2.39, 95% CI = 1.46–3.91) were at a greater risk of severe COVID-19 compared to those without these risk factors. During the Omicron-dominant period, significantly greater severity was observed among patients over 65 years old (OR = 3.89, 95% CI = 2.95–5.12), males (OR = 1.76, 95% CI = 1.40–2.21), those with high blood pressure (OR = 1.30, 95% CI = 1.02–1.65), and mental disorder (OR = 2.22, 95% CI = 1.69–2.92) compared to patients without these risks. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that risk factors vary across different SARS-CoV-2 variants. Examining variant-specific risk factors for COVID-19 severity can aid policymakers, public health specialists, and clinicians in prioritizing screening, treatment, and vaccination efforts, especially during potential healthcare resource shortages.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1660-4601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21030322
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2024
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Empowering Children as Agents of Change to Foster Resilience in Community: Implementing “Creative Health” in Primary Schools after the Fukushima Nuclear Disaster
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Vol. 19, No. 6 ( 2022-03-14), p. 3417-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, MDPI AG, Vol. 19, No. 6 ( 2022-03-14), p. 3417-
    Abstract: The “Creative Heath” project, a participatory school activity to foster community resilience, was implemented in Fukushima, Japan, and children’s experiences of the project were assessed both quantitatively and qualitatively. The project consists of three workshops: BODY, FOOD, and ACT, with activities to facilitate students’ scientific and creative thinking, working in teams, presenting, and expressing their opinions. The first two schools participated with 105 students aged 9–11 years old. Before and after each workshop, students were given questionnaires to rate their satisfaction with their own health (BODY), local foods (FOOD), and the community at large (ACT) on a five-level scale, with space to add free comments. Ratings for BODY and FOOD changed significantly, and the proportion of students who increased their rating of an evaluation indicator after each workshop was 25% for BODY, 28% for FOOD, and 25% for ACT. Text analysis of free comments showed that students in the “increased” group appreciated presenting, measuring, learning connections between nutrition and health, and working collaboratively with peers. Children perceived their health and the foods in their community more positively after participating. Moreover, the Creative Health project could be a way to enhance children’s creativity and autonomy as agents of change in the community.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1660-4601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19063417
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Prevalence of Mental Health Problems among Patients Treated by Emergency Medical Teams: Findings from J-SPEED Data Regarding the West Japan Heavy Rain 2018
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Vol. 19, No. 18 ( 2022-09-12), p. 11454-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, MDPI AG, Vol. 19, No. 18 ( 2022-09-12), p. 11454-
    Abstract: It is crucial to provide mental health care following a disaster because the victims tend to experience symptoms such as anxiety and insomnia during the acute phase. However, little research on mental health during the acute phase has been conducted, and reported only in terms of the temporal transition of the number of consultations and symptoms. Thus, the aim of the study was to examine how mental health care needs are accounted for in the overall picture of disaster relief and how they change over time. Using data from the Japanese version of Surveillance in Post-Extreme Emergencies and Disasters (J-SPEED), we assessed the mental health of injured and ill patients to whom Emergency Medical Teams (EMTs) were providing care during the acute period of a disaster. Approximately 10% of all medical consultations were for mental health issues, 83% of which took place within the first 2 weeks after the disaster. The findings showed that, from the start of the response period to the 19th response day, the daily proportion of mental health problems declined substantially, and then gradually increased. Such a V-shaped pattern might be helpful for identifying phase changes and supporting the development of EMT exit strategies.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1660-4601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191811454
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    User-Guided Design of a Digital Tool for Health Promotion and Radiation Protection: Results from an Internet Needs Survey
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Vol. 18, No. 22 ( 2021-11-16), p. 12007-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, MDPI AG, Vol. 18, No. 22 ( 2021-11-16), p. 12007-
    Abstract: Background: Digital tools can be powerful and effective in connecting people with life-saving and health-promoting support when facing a health crisis. To develop a digital application for radiation protection and health promotion for evacuees returning home after the Fukushima nuclear accident, we conducted a needs assessment survey and explored the association of people’s eHealth literacy (eHL) level with their digital tool knowledge, attitudes, and practice (KAP). Methods: From 339 responses to an online survey, data from 264 lay persons were analyzed. The KAP items were those used in a prior EU project, and eHL levels were assessed with a Japanese version of the eHealth Literacy Scale. Results: Multivariable analyses showed significant associations between eHL and the digital tool KAP for radiation protection (knowledge: adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.10; attitude: 1.06; practice: 1.10) and for health promotion (knowledge: aOR = 1.13; attitude: 1.06; practice: 1.16). Conclusions: People with a higher eHL had a more positive KAP. For those with a lower eHL, we are formulating easy-to-understand explanations to promote the utilization of the digital tool and enthusiasm for future community-oriented digital tools.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1660-4601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182212007
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Tailoring Digital Tools to Address the Radiation and Health Information Needs of Returnees after a Nuclear Accident
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Vol. 18, No. 23 ( 2021-12-02), p. 12704-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, MDPI AG, Vol. 18, No. 23 ( 2021-12-02), p. 12704-
    Abstract: Digital tools are increasingly used for health promotion, but their utility during recovery from a nuclear disaster has yet to be established. This study analysed differences in knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) toward digital tools for radiation protection and health promotion, and preferences for specific application functions, among cohorts living within and outside areas affected by the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power station (FDNPS) accident. A needs assessment was conducted by internet survey, and responses from those affected (N = 86) and not affected (N = 253) were compared and quantified by an adjusted odds ratio (aOR), using logistic regression analyses. KAP toward the radiation-related application in the affected group had an aOR of 1.95 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.12–3.38) for knowledge, and 5.71 (CI = 2.55–12.8) for practice. Conversely, toward the health-related application, the aOR of the affected group was 0.50 (CI = 0.29–0.86). The preference in the affected group was significantly lower for two application functions related to radiation measurement and two health-related functions (one about the effects of radiation in general and another about personal health advice in general): aOR range 0.43–0.50. Development of specific applications incorporating the findings from this survey was intended to foster a locally appropriate eHealth environment during recovery from the FDNPS accident.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1660-4601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182312704
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Obesity, Burden of Ischemic Heart Diseases and Their Ecological Association: The Case of Uzbekistan
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Vol. 19, No. 16 ( 2022-08-22), p. 10447-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, MDPI AG, Vol. 19, No. 16 ( 2022-08-22), p. 10447-
    Abstract: Ischemic heart diseases are the leading cause of death in Uzbekistan. There are numerous risk factors affecting ischemic heart disease, and obesity is one of the major independent risk factors. This study is the first attempt to estimate the ecological association between obesity prevalence and the burden of ischemic heart disease between 1990 and 2019 in Uzbekistan. To define the prevalence of all obesity types, death, and incidences of ischemic heart disease for certain periods, the Joinpoint regression tool was used. A separate linear regression analysis was performed to analyze the relationship between obesity and ischemic heart disease mortality and morbidity. A positive linear relation was found between the prevalence of obesity types and incidence/death rates for both sexes (r = 0.59–0.87). All types of obesity were highly significant positive predictors of incidence of and death from ischemic heart disease (p 〈 0.0001). The slope (B1) suggested that for an increment in obesity prevalence of 1% among adults aged over 20, the incidence of ischemic heart disease increased by 40.2 (p 〈 0.0001) and 38.3 (p 〈 0.0001) per 100,000 persons for men and women, respectively. The current country-level conclusions are valuable, because it allows decision makers to draw specific conclusions, applicable at the state and local level for policymaking.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1660-4601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191610447
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
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  • 8
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    Online Resource
    Impact of COVID-19 on Health Emergency and Disaster Risk Management System: A Scoping Review of Healthcare Workforce Management in COVID-19
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Sustainability Vol. 15, No. 15 ( 2023-07-28), p. 11668-
    Details
    In: Sustainability, MDPI AG, Vol. 15, No. 15 ( 2023-07-28), p. 11668-
    Abstract: During the COVID-19 pandemic, many countries faced a shortage as well as maldistribution of healthcare workers and a misalignment between healthcare needs and worker skills. In this scoping review, we have sought to identify the country-level responses to health workforce shortages during the COVID-19 pandemic as well as the advantages/best practices and disadvantages/lessons learned. We have reviewed 24 scientific papers in four electronic databases: Medline, Web of Science, CINAHL, and TRIP. The main strategies implemented by countries were financial coordination mechanisms, relaxing standards/rules, worker redeployment, recruitment of volunteers, fast-tracking medical students, and using other workforce resources such as the recruitment of inactive healthcare workers and returnees whose registration had lapsed within the preceding 1–2 years. These strategies demonstrated numerous advantages, such as establishing mutual support across nations and organizations, boosting motivation among healthcare workers, and creating a new staffing model for future pandemics. However, several important lessons were also learned during the implementation process. Managing volunteers, including ensuring their safety and allocating them to areas in need, required significant effort and high-level coordination, particularly in the absence of a comprehensive needs assessment.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2071-1050
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/su151511668
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518383-7
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