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  • 1
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    Bioinformatics Prediction and Experimental Verification Identify CAB39L as a Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarker of Kidney Renal Clear Cell Carcinoma
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Medicina Vol. 59, No. 4 ( 2023-04-06), p. 716-
    Details
    In: Medicina, MDPI AG, Vol. 59, No. 4 ( 2023-04-06), p. 716-
    Abstract: Background and Objectives: Calcium-binding protein 39-like (CAB39L) has been reported to be downregulated and possessed diagnostic and prognostic values in several types of cancer. However, the clinical value and mechanism of CAB39L in kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC) remain unclear. Materials and Methods: Bioinformatics analysis was conducted using different databases including TCGA, UALCAN, GEPIA, LinkedOmics, STRING, and TIMER. One-way variance analysis and t-test were chosen to investigate the statistical differences of CAB39L expression in KIRC tissues with different clinical characteristics. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was chosen to assess the discriminatory capacity of CAB39L. Kaplan–Meier curves were employed for assessing the influence of CAB39L on the progression-free survival (PFS), disease-specific survival (DSS), and overall survival (OS) of KIRC patients. The independent prognostic significance of clinical parameters for OS such as CAB39L expression in KIRC patients was estimated by Cox analysis. A series of in vitro functional experiments and Western blot (WB) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) were used to validate the relative protein expression and function of CAB39L. Results: The mRNA and protein levels of CAB39L were relatively downregulated in KIRC samples. Meanwhile, hypermethylation of the CAB39L promoter region was possibly associated with its low expression in KIRC. The ROC curve showed that the mRNA expression of CAB39L had a strong diagnostic value for both early and late KIRC. Kaplan–Meier survival curves indicated that a higher mRNA level of CAB39L predicted good PFS, DSS, and OS. The mRNA expression of CAB39L was an independent prognostic factor (hazard ratio = 0.6, p = 0.034) identified by multivariate Cox regression analysis. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and Gene Ontology (GO) analysis exhibited that CAB39L was mainly associated with substance and energy metabolism. Finally, overexpression of CAB39L impaired the proliferation and metastasis of KIRC cells in vitro. Conclusions: CAB39L possesses prognostic and diagnostic capacity in KIRC.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1648-9144
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/medicina59040716
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2088820-X
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  • 2
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    Activation of cGAS-STING Signal to Inhibit the Proliferation of Bladder Cancer: The Immune Effect of Cisplatin
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Cells Vol. 11, No. 19 ( 2022-09-27), p. 3011-
    Details
    In: Cells, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 19 ( 2022-09-27), p. 3011-
    Abstract: Cisplatin is commonly used in neoadjuvant, adjuvant, and systemic therapy for advanced bladder cancer, but its immune-related mechanism is still unclear. Exploration of the immune effects of cisplatin in bladder cancer would complement the comprehensive mechanism of cisplatin and provide the basis for combination therapy of cisplatin and immunotherapy in bladder cancer. We confirmed the immune effects of cisplatin on T24 and TCCSUP bladder cancer cell lines in vitro and explored the important function of these immune effects in the bladder cancer microenvironment in a mice tumor model. We found cisplatin induced immune response in bladder cancer by RNA sequencing and validated that cGAS-STING signal was deeply involved in this response. Cisplatin induced cGAS-STING signal inhibited the proliferation of bladder cancer and increased the infiltration percentages of CD8+ T cells and dendritic cells in a transplantation mice tumor model. Accumulation of dsDNA and the release of chromatin bound cGAS are important to activate downstream STING. Our findings indicated a cisplatin-related immune effect in bladder cancer, and cisplatin combined with immunotherapy might have a synergistic effect for bladder cancer therapy.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4409
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/cells11193011
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2661518-6
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  • 3
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    A Method of Winding Fault Classification in Transformer Based on Moving Window Calculation and Support Vector Machine
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Symmetry Vol. 14, No. 7 ( 2022-07-06), p. 1385-
    Details
    In: Symmetry, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 7 ( 2022-07-06), p. 1385-
    Abstract: Winding fault is one of the most common types of transformer faults. The frequency response method is a common diagnosis method for winding fault detection. In order to improve the feature extraction ability of the frequency response curve before and after the winding fault, this paper proposes a winding fault feature extraction method based on the moving window algorithm to improve the Euclidean distance and correlation coefficient and uses a support vector machine to diagnose winding fault. “Moving window meter algorithm” refers to the fixed moving window width and window moving interval, scanning the entire frequency response curve from the initial point to the end point of the frequency response curve, using the correlation coefficient (CC) and Euclidean distance (ED) to calculate the mathematical index of each window. The mathematical index of each window is used as the characteristic quantity of fault type classification. Finally, the grid search algorithm is used to optimize the support vector machine to classify and identify the type of winding fault. At the same time, the standard support vector machine s(SVM) and back propagation neural network algorithm (BPNN) are compared with the support vector machine optimized by the grid search method to diagnose the fault type. The research shows that the improved correlation coefficient and Euclidean distance using the moving window algorithm are more sensitive to winding faults than the traditional calculation methods. The combination of the two calculation methods makes up for the shortcomings of their respective methods. The fault features obtained meet the requirements of the support vector machine for fault diagnosis, and the grid search method-optimized support vector machine classification algorithm has a good classification and recognition effect on the identification of fault types. The effectiveness and superiority of this method are further illustrated.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-8994
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/sym14071385
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518382-5
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  • 4
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    Estimation of Potential Suitable Habitats for the Relict Plant Euptelea pleiosperma in China via Comparison of Three Niche Models
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Sustainability Vol. 15, No. 14 ( 2023-07-14), p. 11035-
    Details
    In: Sustainability, MDPI AG, Vol. 15, No. 14 ( 2023-07-14), p. 11035-
    Abstract: Climate change has a significant impact on species distribution, especially for the relict plants. Euptelea pleiosperma is a type of tertiary relict plant. This plant shows a decreasing trend in population size, and it is on the edge of extinction given the background of climate change. Understanding the change in suitable habitats of E. pleiosperma will provide significant academic value for investigating species conservation and sustainable development. According to the 236 distribution records of E. pleiosperma in China, and 11 environmental factors, the optimal model was selected from MaxEnt, BIOCLIM, and DOMAIN models, aiming to estimate the future potential suitable habitats and exploring the major environmental factors influencing the distribution of E. pleiosperma. By comparison, the BIOCLIM model was the optimal for estimation, since it achieved the highest precision and the lowest standard error. Our results demonstrated that temperature was the most important factor affecting the suitable habitats of E. pleiosperma, followed by precipitation and altitude. Under the medium- and high-emission scenarios, the future suitable habitats of E. pleiosperma will migrate northward to the high-latitude areas, whereas those under the low-emission scenario will migrate southward to the low-latitude areas. During 2041–2060, the suitable habitat areas will present a positive trend, while those during 2081–2100 will exhibit a negative trend to varying degrees. Consistent with the above results, it is advisable to establish natural reserves and seed resource banks of E. pleiosperma in the current high suitability areas, as well as to provide artificial assistance to guide its migration to the high suitability areas under the future climate scenarios. The findings in this research not only reveal the response of suitable habitats of E. pleiosperma to climate change but also lay a reliable foundation for its population resource conservation and sustainable development.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2071-1050
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/su151411035
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518383-7
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  • 5
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    Obesity and Dyslipidemia in Chinese Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study in Shanghai, China
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Nutrients Vol. 14, No. 11 ( 2022-05-31), p. 2321-
    Details
    In: Nutrients, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 11 ( 2022-05-31), p. 2321-
    Abstract: This study examined the association of obesity and dyslipidemia according to body measurements among Chinese adults in Shanghai, a place in the process of rapid urbanization. Using the baseline data of the Shanghai Suburban Adult Cohort and Biobank study (SSACB), the subjects completed questionnaires and physical examinations, and fasting blood was collected for biochemical assays. We estimated the odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) by multivariable logistic regression. The prevalence was 12.9% and 28.8% in both general and central obesity, respectively. Compared with the non-obese, the general or central obesity participants had a higher level of TC, TG, LDL-C and lower level of HDL-C. The OR (95%CI) for dyslipidemia was 1.79 (1.69–1.91) and 1.91 (1.83–2.00) in general or central obesity, respectively. Positive associations were also observed between obesity and high TC, high LDL-C, low HDL-C and high TG, with the adjusted OR ranging from 1.11 to 2.00. Significant modifying effect of gender, age, hypertension, and diabetes were found in the association of obesity and different forms of dyslipidemia. The findings of our study indicated that participants with obesity, including general or central obesity, have a higher prevalence of dyslipidemia and gender, age, hypertension, and diabetes might be potential modifiers of the association. More effective attention and interventions should be directed to managing body weight to reduce the prevalence of dyslipidemia.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6643
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/nu14112321
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518386-2
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  • 6
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    Evaluation of the Surface Performance of Mortar Matrix Subjected to Sodium Chloride Solution Modified with Hybrid Nanosilica Cement Paste
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Sustainability Vol. 14, No. 16 ( 2022-08-10), p. 9876-
    Details
    In: Sustainability, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 16 ( 2022-08-10), p. 9876-
    Abstract: In order to prolong the service life of cement-based materials subjected to external chloride ion attacks, two kinds of methods, a surface treatment and chloride immobilization, were combined by fabricating a nanosilica-modified cement paste and coating it on mortar samples as a surface treatment material (HSM). The protective effect of the HSM was evaluated according to its surface hardness, and an RCM test was carried out, which indicated that the attached layer could both increase the surface hardness and decrease the chloride diffusion coefficient. Then, the chloride immobilization mechanisms were illustrated in terms of chloride blocking resistance, chemical binding and physical binding X-ray diffraction (XRD), and thermogravimetric/derivative thermogravimetric (TG/DTG) and thermodynamic modeling. The results showed that the hybrid nanomaterials that modified the cementitious surface treatment materials may effectively improve the chloride-resistant property of a matrix with content of no more than 1%. This research outcome could provide evidence that hybrid nanosilica can be applied in surface treatment technology.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2071-1050
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/su14169876
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518383-7
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  • 7
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    Ladybird-Mediated Indirect Interactions between Two Aphid Species When Using a Banker Plant System
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Agronomy Vol. 12, No. 12 ( 2022-12-09), p. 3134-
    Details
    In: Agronomy, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 12 ( 2022-12-09), p. 3134-
    Abstract: Banker plant systems have the advantages of introducing natural enemies preventively and maintaining by providing alternative prey, thus controlling the pests sustainably. Banker plant systems are usually composed of three factors: a banker (secondary) plant, an alternative prey, and a shared predator (attacking an alternative prey on the secondary plant, and the targeted pest on the crop). However, for most banker plant systems, there is a lack of understanding regarding the dynamic relationship among these elements, with detrimental effects on practical applications. Therefore, in this study, the control of Myzus persicae on Capsicum annum by the Coccinella septempunctata–Megoura japonica–Vicia faba banker plant system was used as the research system. The effects of different release time of predators, different initial numbers of alternative prey (Me. japonica) and different initial ratios of target pests/alternative prey on the indirect interaction of two aphids and the biological control effect of shared predators were tested. The occurrence of indirect interactions between the two aphid preys, the impact on population dynamics, and biological control effectiveness of the shared predator C. septempunctata were investigated. When the initial numbers of both species of aphids were equal (200 each), the delay between aphid and C. septempunctata introduction in the cage had no effect on My. persicae, but Me. japonica showed lower numbers when testing the least time between predatory introductions. When the numbers of the two aphids were manipulated, the My. persicae population was significantly reduced by the predator only at a ratio of My. persicae to Me. japonica 〈 1, while initial ratios ≥ 1 enabled My. persicae population growth. In 1–6 days, the control effect of C. septempunctata was the best. Principal component analysis showed that the experimental time, initial numbers of Me. japonica, and relative numbers of Me. japonica affected the predation of My. persicae by C. septempunctata. In addition, when the initial aphid ratio was greater than 1/4, C. septempunctata was able to effectively control My. persicae. Overall, our study confirmed the number-mediated indirect interaction (apparent competition) relationship and its impact on prey population dynamics. We provide useful information for optimizing banker plant systems, to boost biocontrol of aphid pests.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4395
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/agronomy12123134
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2607043-1
    SSG: 23
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  • 8
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    Navigation in Unknown Dynamic Environments Based on Deep Reinforcement Learning
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Sensors Vol. 19, No. 18 ( 2019-09-05), p. 3837-
    Details
    In: Sensors, MDPI AG, Vol. 19, No. 18 ( 2019-09-05), p. 3837-
    Abstract: In this paper, we propose a novel Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) algorithm which can navigate non-holonomic robots with continuous control in an unknown dynamic environment with moving obstacles. We call the approach MK-A3C (Memory and Knowledge-based Asynchronous Advantage Actor-Critic) for short. As its first component, MK-A3C builds a GRU-based memory neural network to enhance the robot’s capability for temporal reasoning. Robots without it tend to suffer from a lack of rationality in face of incomplete and noisy estimations for complex environments. Additionally, robots with certain memory ability endowed by MK-A3C can avoid local minima traps by estimating the environmental model. Secondly, MK-A3C combines the domain knowledge-based reward function and the transfer learning-based training task architecture, which can solve the non-convergence policies problems caused by sparse reward. These improvements of MK-A3C can efficiently navigate robots in unknown dynamic environments, and satisfy kinetic constraints while handling moving objects. Simulation experiments show that compared with existing methods, MK-A3C can realize successful robotic navigation in unknown and challenging environments by outputting continuous acceleration commands.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1424-8220
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/s19183837
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2052857-7
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  • 9
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    Experimental and Numerical Investigation on the Damage Mechanism of a Loess–Mudstone Tunnel in Cold Regions
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Atmosphere Vol. 14, No. 9 ( 2023-09-03), p. 1391-
    Details
    In: Atmosphere, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 9 ( 2023-09-03), p. 1391-
    Abstract: To address loess–mudstone tunnel damage resulting from mudstone swelling induced by water absorption in cold regions, model experiments and numerical simulations were employed to study the tunnel surrounding rock pressure distribution and the stress characteristics of support structures during mudstone swelling at the tunnel base. The findings reveal that the base uplift of the tunnel leads to a rapid stress increase on the arch, and the self-supporting of the interface is insufficient, causing uneven stress distribution on the tunnel. The stress peak value at the bottom of the outer arch is 30.8% of that at the inner side. The internal force of the tunnel lining at the arch crown is the largest. The compressive stress appears at the arch feet, while the tensile stress appears at the outer side of the lining. The bending moments of the inverted arch are larger than those of the arch shoulders and arch crown. The left arch shoulder and arch bottom are primarily subjected to negative bending moments, and the maximum values are about −500 kN·m and −400 kN·m, respectively. The left side of the inverted arch is first to crack, and two main cracks then appeared at the left and right arch shoulders, respectively. The formation and development of the longitudinal cracks in the arch induced by water absorption cause the inverted arch bulge failure. This study helps understand the damage mechanism of the loess–mudstone tunnel in cold regions.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4433
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/atmos14091391
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2605928-9
    SSG: 23
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  • 10
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    Innovative Design and Fuzzy Logic Control for An Underground Moving Sieve Jig
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Mathematics Vol. 8, No. 12 ( 2020-12-03), p. 2151-
    Details
    In: Mathematics, MDPI AG, Vol. 8, No. 12 ( 2020-12-03), p. 2151-
    Abstract: Underground gangue filling technology in coal mines is one of the effective ways to realize green mining. In this paper, a process of underground raw coal primary selection is proposed, which is based on a mechanical sieve jig as the main washing equipment. It refers to the structure of the ground mechanical moving sieve jig. It optimizes and improves the main structure of the jig machine’s driving mechanism and gangue discharge mechanism. It meets the requirements of the technology and the narrow space environment in the underground mine and realizes the effective separation of coal and gangue. In the jigging process of a moving sieve, it is very important to keep the jig bed stable and precisely control the quantity of gangue discharge for improving the system separation accuracy and efficiency. In this paper, a control method based on a fuzzy logic combination is proposed to realize the fuzzy logic control of the motor speed of gangue discharging, which aims at the nonlinear, time-varying uncertainty and pure lag characteristics of the control system of the underground moving sieve jig. Further industrial experiments were carried out and we obtained the variation law of the gangue’s quality in the moving sieve and the output curve of the gangue motor frequency under three working conditions. The experimental results show that the fuzzy logic control algorithm can quickly stabilize the jig bed in the vibrating sieve when the quantity of gangue changes abruptly or fluctuates greatly. It improves the separation efficiency of coal and gangue and effectively solves the problems of nonlinearity, time-varying and hysteresis in the control process of the moving sieve jig.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2227-7390
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/math8122151
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704244-3
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