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  • MDPI AG  (61)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Local-Scale Horizontal CO2 Flux Estimation Incorporating Differential Absorption Lidar and Coherent Doppler Wind Lidar
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Remote Sensing Vol. 14, No. 20 ( 2022-10-14), p. 5150-
    Details
    In: Remote Sensing, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 20 ( 2022-10-14), p. 5150-
    Abstract: A micro-pulse lidar system incorporating differential absorption lidar (DIAL) and coherent Doppler wind lidar (CDWL) is proposed and demonstrated. Due to the high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the superconducting nanowire single-photon detector (SNSPD), the DIAL channel achieves high sensitivity in CO2 measurement. Meanwhile, the CDWL channel is used to obtain the horizontal wind field. In the process of the optimization and calibration of the DIAL receiver, specifically, mode scrambling and temperature control of the connecting fiber between the telescope and the SNSPD enhance the stability and robustness of the system. Horizontal scanning of the CO2 concentration and the wind field is carried out in a 6 km range over a scanning span of 60° with a radial resolution of 150 m and 15 s. The results show that the hybrid lidar system captures the spatial distribution of CO2 concentration and the wind field simultaneously. The horizontal net CO2 flux in a radius of 6 km is estimated by integrating the CO2 concentration and the wind transport vector, indicating different characteristics of horizontal net CO2 fluxes in an industrial area, a university campus, and a park. During most of the experiment, CO2 flux remained positive in the industrial area, but balances fell to nearly zero on the campus and in the park. The horizontal net fluxes averaged over 24 h in the three areas are 3.5 × 105 ppm·m2·s−1, 0.7 × 105 ppm·m2·s−1, and 0.1 × 105 ppm·m2·s−1.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-4292
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/rs14205150
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2513863-7
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Probiotic Bifidobacterium longum BB68S Improves Cognitive Functions in Healthy Older Adults: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Nutrients Vol. 15, No. 1 ( 2022-12-22), p. 51-
    Details
    In: Nutrients, MDPI AG, Vol. 15, No. 1 ( 2022-12-22), p. 51-
    Abstract: Probiotics could improve cognitive functions in patients with neurological disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease, but the effects on cognitive function in healthy older adults without cognitive impairment need further study. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Bifidobacterium longum BB68S (BB68S) on cognitive functions among healthy older adults without cognitive impairment. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted with 60 healthy older adults without cognitive impairment who were divided into probiotic or placebo groups and required to consume either a sachet of probiotic (BB68S, 5 × 1010 CFU/sachet) or placebo once daily for 8 weeks. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) was used as an inclusion screening tool to screen elderly participants with healthy cognitive function in our study, and the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) was used to assess cognitive function in subjects before and after intervention as an assessment tool. BB68S significantly improved subjects’ cognitive functions (total RBANS score increased by 18.89 points after intervention, p 〈 0.0001), especially immediate memory, visuospatial/constructional, attention, and delayed memory domains. BB68S intervention increased the relative abundances of beneficial bacteria Lachnospira, Bifidobacterium, Dorea, and Cellulosilyticum, while decreasing those of bacteria related to cognition impairment, such as Collinsella, Parabacteroides, Tyzzerella, Bilophila, unclassified_c_Negativicutes, Epulopiscium, Porphyromonas, and Granulicatella. In conclusion, BB68S could improve cognitive functions in healthy elderly adults without cognitive impairment, along with having beneficial regulatory effects on their gut microbiota. This study supports probiotics as a strategy to promote healthy aging and advances cognitive aging research.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6643
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/nu15010051
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518386-2
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Anti-Tumor Activity of Expanded PBMC-Derived NK Cells by Feeder-Free Protocol in Ovarian Cancer
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Cancers Vol. 13, No. 22 ( 2021-11-22), p. 5866-
    Details
    In: Cancers, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 22 ( 2021-11-22), p. 5866-
    Abstract: Natural killer (NK) cells have shown great therapeutic potential against a wide range of cancers due to their pan-specific target recognition. Numerous reports indicate that NK cell immunotherapy is an effective therapeutic approach for treating hematological malignancies, but shows limited effects against solid tumors. In this study, several models of ovarian cancer (OC) were used to test the anti-cancer effects of NK cells derived from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and expanded using a feeder cell-free expansion system (eNKs). The results show that eNKs exhibit potent inhibitory activity on tumor growth in different ovarian cancer xenograft mice (i.e., solid tumors, abdominal metastatic tumors, and ascites), importantly, in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, adoptive transfer of eNKs resulted in significant reduction in ascites formation in OC peritoneal tumor models, and especially in reducing intraperitoneal ascites. We found that eNKs could migrate to the tumor site, retain their activity, and proliferate to maintain high cell counts in cutaneous xenograft mice. In addition, when increased the infusion with a high dose of 12 × 107 cells/mouse, Graft-versus-host disease could be induced by eNK. These data show that eNK cell immunotherapy could be a promising treatment strategy for ovarian cancers, including solid tumors and ascites.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6694
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/cancers13225866
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527080-1
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Characteristics of Raindrop Size Distributions in the Southwest Mountain Areas of China According to Seasonal Variation and Rain Types
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Remote Sensing Vol. 15, No. 5 ( 2023-02-24), p. 1246-
    Details
    In: Remote Sensing, MDPI AG, Vol. 15, No. 5 ( 2023-02-24), p. 1246-
    Abstract: The precipitation and raindrop size distribution (RSD) characteristics of the four seasons and different rain types were studied using a PARSIVEL2 raindrop disdrometer set in the southwest mountain areas of China from 2019 to 2021. The seasonal precipitation in the southwest mountain areas was mainly stratiform rain. The peaks of the RSD were about 1–2 orders of magnitude higher than those in the plains. The convective rain in spring and autumn was very close to the ocean-like convective mass. The local shape–slope (μ–Λ), radar reflectivity–rain rate (Z–R), and kinetic energy–rain rate (KE–R) relationships were further derived, and the diversity of these relationships was mainly due to the variability of the RSDs. In addition, the differences in the RSD characteristics between the top and the foot of the mountain during a typical precipitation process in the summer of 2020 were further compared. It was found that the number density of the small particles at the top of the mountain was higher than that at the foot of the mountain due to the broken large raindrops caused by the high wind speed, while the high evaporation rate, strong convective available potential energy (CPAE), and water vapor content at the foot of the mountain could strengthen the RSD, making the number density of the large raindrops at the foot of the mountain higher than that at the top.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-4292
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/rs15051246
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2513863-7
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Tracing the Status of Silica Fume in Cementitious Materials Subjected to Deterioration Mechanisms with Raman Microscope
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Materials Vol. 15, No. 15 ( 2022-07-27), p. 5195-
    Details
    In: Materials, MDPI AG, Vol. 15, No. 15 ( 2022-07-27), p. 5195-
    Abstract: The status and stability of the unreacted silica fume (SF) agglomerates existing in concrete structures subjected to various deterioration environments is largely unknown, but is a critical issue which could cause public concern. This work employed a Raman microscope, which combines the Raman spectroscopy with a light optical microscope, to characterize the phase assemblage in 6-month-old SF blended Portland cement (PC) pastes after 3-month exposure to simulated deterioration mechanisms (viz. carbonation, chloride attack, or sulfate attack), in order to illustrate the status of SF. Unhydrated SF phases, in terms of amorphous silica (Raman shift at about 350–540 cm−1), were identified in the SF blended paste samples after being exposed to carbonation and sulfate attack, indicating that there is a potential hazard to the living system, especially the structures undergoing long-term ‘interactions’ with a contiguous environment.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1996-1944
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ma15155195
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2487261-1
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Low Temperature Aqueous Solution-Processed ZnO and Polyethylenimine Ethoxylated Cathode Buffer Bilayer for High Performance Flexible Inverted Organic Solar Cells
    MDPI AG ; 2017
    In:  Energies Vol. 10, No. 4 ( 2017-04-06), p. 494-
    Details
    In: Energies, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 4 ( 2017-04-06), p. 494-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1996-1073
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/en10040494
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2437446-5
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Understanding the Sociocognitive Process of Construction Workers’ Unsafe Behaviors: An Agent-Based Modeling Approach
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Vol. 17, No. 5 ( 2020-03-01), p. 1588-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, MDPI AG, Vol. 17, No. 5 ( 2020-03-01), p. 1588-
    Abstract: Previous literature has recognized that workers’ unsafe behavior is the combined result of both isolated individual cognitive processes and their interaction with others. Based on the consideration of both individual cognitive factors and social organizational factors, this paper aims to develop an Agent-Based Modeling (ABM) approach to explore construction workers’ sociocognitive processes under the interaction with managers, coworkers, and foremen. The developed model is applied to explore the causes of cognitive failure of construction workers and the influence of social groups and social organizational factors on the workers’ unsafe behavior. The results indicate that (1) workers’ unsafe behaviors are gradually reduced with the interaction with managers, foremen, and workers; (2) the foreman is most influential in reducing workers’ unsafe behaviors, and their demonstration role can hardly be ignored; (3) the failure of sociocognitive process of construction workers is affected by many factors, and cognitive process errors could be corrected under social norms; and (4) among various social organizational factors, social identity has the most obvious effect on reducing workers’ unsafe behaviors, and preventive measures are more effective than reactive measures in reducing workers’ unsafe behaviors.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1660-4601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17051588
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2175195-X
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  • 8
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    Online Resource
    RhFGF21 Protects Epidermal Cells against UVB-Induced Apoptosis through Activating AMPK-Mediated Autophagy
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 23, No. 20 ( 2022-10-18), p. 12466-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 23, No. 20 ( 2022-10-18), p. 12466-
    Abstract: Ultraviolet irradiation, especially ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation, increases the risks of various skin diseases, such as sunburn, photo-aging and cancer. However, few drugs are available to treat skin lesions. Therefore, the discovery of drugs to improve the health of irradiated skin is urgently needed. Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is a metabolic factor that plays an important role in the protection and repair of various types of pathological damage. The effects of FGF21 on skin injury caused by UVB-irradiation were the focus of this study. We found that UVB irradiation promoted the expression of FGF21 protein in mouse epidermal cells, and exogenous recombinant human FGF21 (rhFGF21) protected mouse skin tissue against UVB-induced injury. RhFGF21 inhibited the inflammatory responses and epidermal cell apoptosis as well as promotion of autophagy in UVB-irradiated mice. Moreover, we found that rhFGF21 protected HaCaT cells against UVB-induced apoptosis, and the protective effect was enhanced by treatment with an autophagy activator (rapamycin) but was inhibited by treatment with an autophagy inhibitor (3-methyladenine, 3MA). AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), as a cellular energy sensor, regulates autophagy. RhFGF21 increased the expression of p-AMPK protein in epidermal cells irradiated with UVB in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, rhFGF21 increased autophagy levels and the viability were diminished by treatment with an AMPK inhibitor (compound C). RhFGF21 protects epidermal cells against UVB-induced apoptosis by inducing AMPK-mediated autophagy.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012466
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 9
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    The Influence of Information Intervention Cognition on College Students’ Energy-Saving Behavior Intentions
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Vol. 17, No. 5 ( 2020-03-04), p. 1659-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, MDPI AG, Vol. 17, No. 5 ( 2020-03-04), p. 1659-
    Abstract: Based on the theory of planned behavior, this research examines the influence of different types of information on the behavioral intentions of college students in the context of perceived behavioral control (perceived self-efficacy and perceptual control) as mediating variables. The results showed that: (1) Different types of information intervention factors have different effects on perceptual self-efficacy and perceptual control; the influence degree of economic cost has the strongest effect, followed by group pressure, while the influence degree of publicity and education has the weakest effect. However, policy intervention has no statistically significant effect on both of them (perceived self-efficacy and perceptual control). (2) Two variables, perceived self-efficacy and perceptual control, serve as mediators between information intervention factors and energy-saving behavior intention. (3) Individual characteristic factors have significant moderating effects on each path in the model of information intervention–perceived behavior control–intention. Finally, suggestions are made on how to encourage college students to more effectively save energy.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1660-4601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17051659
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2175195-X
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  • 10
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    Autophagic Cell Death and Apoptosis Jointly Mediate Cisatracurium Besylate-Induced Cell Injury
    MDPI AG ; 2016
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 17, No. 4 ( 2016-04-06), p. 515-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 17, No. 4 ( 2016-04-06), p. 515-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms17040515
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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