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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Enhancing Stability of High-Concentration β-Tricalcium Phosphate Suspension for Biomedical Application
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Materials Vol. 16, No. 1 ( 2022-12-27), p. 228-
    Details
    In: Materials, MDPI AG, Vol. 16, No. 1 ( 2022-12-27), p. 228-
    Abstract: We propose a novel process to efficiently prepare highly dispersed and stable Tricalcium Phosphate (β-TCP) suspensions. TCP is coupled with a polymer to enhance its brittleness to be used as an artificial hard tissue. A high solid fraction of β-TCP is mixed with the polymer in order to improve the mechanical strength of the prepared material. The high solid fractions led to fast particle aggregation due to Van der Waals forces, and sediments appeared quickly in the suspension. As a result, we used a dispersant, dispex AA4040 (A40), to boost the surface potential and steric hindrance of particles to make a stable suspension. However, the particle size of β-TCP is too large to form a suspension, as the gravity effect is much more dominant than Brownian motion. Hence, β-TCP was subjected to wet ball milling to break the aggregated particles, and particle size was reduced to ~300 nm. Further, to decrease sedimentation velocity, cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are added as a thickening agent to increase the overall viscosity of suspension. Besides the viscosity enhancement, CNCs were also wrapped with A40 micelles and increase the stability of the suspension. These CNC/A40 micelles further facilitated stable suspension of β-TCP particles with an average hydration radius of 244.5 nm. Finally, β-TCP bone cement was formulated with the suspension, and the related cytotoxicity was estimated to demonstrate its applicability for hard tissue applications.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1996-1944
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ma16010228
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2487261-1
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    An Environmental Friendly Tapioca Starch-Alginate Cultured Scaffold as Biomimetic Muscle Tissue
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Polymers Vol. 13, No. 17 ( 2021-08-27), p. 2882-
    Details
    In: Polymers, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 17 ( 2021-08-27), p. 2882-
    Abstract: Natural porous scaffolds have been studied and developed for decades in biomedical science in order to support cells with a simulated extracellular matrix in natural tissue as an ideal environment. Such three-dimensional scaffolds provide many degrees of freedom to modulate cell activity, such as porosity, pore size, mechanical strength, biodegradability, and biocompatibility. In this study, a porous, three-dimensional material of alginate incorporating tapioca starch was fabricated. A particular freeze-gelation method was applied to homogenously mix starch in the alginate, and the concentration was controllable. This pure natural composite porous scaffold was characterized physically and biologically. The synergistic functions, including biocompatibility, biodegradability, cell adhesion, and cell proliferation, were also investigated. A myogenic differentiation model further verified that the composite porous scaffold provided a suitable environment, supporting the differentiation effect in the myogenic process. The positive results demonstrated that this novel material has the potential to serve as a biomedical or clean meat appliance.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4360
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/polym13172882
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527146-5
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Magnetic Nanoparticles Conjugated with Peptides Derived from Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 as a Tool for Targeting Atherosclerosis
    MDPI AG ; 2018
    In:  Pharmaceutics Vol. 10, No. 2 ( 2018-05-24), p. 62-
    Details
    In: Pharmaceutics, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 2 ( 2018-05-24), p. 62-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1999-4923
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics10020062
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527217-2
    SSG: 15,3
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Photo-Crosslinked Keratin/Chitosan Membranes as Potential Wound Dressing Materials
    MDPI AG ; 2018
    In:  Polymers Vol. 10, No. 9 ( 2018-09-04), p. 987-
    Details
    In: Polymers, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 9 ( 2018-09-04), p. 987-
    Abstract: In this study, we combined two kinds of natural polymers, chitosan and keratin, to develop a portable composite membrane via UV irradiation. UV-crosslinking without an additional chemical agent makes the fabrication more ideal by reducing reactants and avoiding residual toxic chemicals. This novel composite could perform synergistic functions benefitting from chitosan and keratin; including a strong mechanical strength, biodegradability, biocompatibility, better cell adhesion, and proliferation characteristics. Furthermore, compared with our previous research, this keratin-chitosan composite membrane was improved in that it was made to be portable, enabling it to be versatile and have various applications in vitro and in vivo. Based on these facts, this innovative composite membrane has high potential for serving as an outstanding candidate for wound healing or other biomedical applications.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4360
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/polym10090987
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527146-5
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Methylene-Blue-Encapsulated Liposomes as Photodynamic Therapy Nano Agents for Breast Cancer Cells
    MDPI AG ; 2018
    In:  Nanomaterials Vol. 9, No. 1 ( 2018-12-23), p. 14-
    Details
    In: Nanomaterials, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 1 ( 2018-12-23), p. 14-
    Abstract: Methylene blue (MB) is a widely used dye and photodynamic therapy (PDT) agent that can produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) after light exposure, triggering apoptosis. However, it is hard for the dye to penetrate through the cell membrane, leading to poor cellular uptake; thus, drug carriers, which could enhance the cellular uptake, are a suitable solution. In addition, the defective vessels resulting from fast vessel outgrowth leads to an enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect, which gives nanoscale drug carriers a promising potential. In this study, we applied poly(12-(methacryloyloxy)dodecyl phosphorylcholine), a zwitterionic polymer-lipid, to self-assemble into liposomes and encapsulate MB (MB-liposome). Its properties of high stability and fast intracellular uptake were confirmed, and the higher in vitro ROS generation ability of MB-liposomes than that of free MB was also verified. For in vivo tests, we examined the toxicity in mice via tail vein injection. With the features found, MB-liposome has the potential of being an effective PDT nano agent for cancer therapy.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2079-4991
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/nano9010014
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662255-5
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Fabrication of Anisotropic Cu Ferrite-Polymer Core-Shell Nanoparticles for Photodynamic Ablation of Cervical Cancer Cells
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Nanomaterials Vol. 10, No. 12 ( 2020-12-04), p. 2429-
    Details
    In: Nanomaterials, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 12 ( 2020-12-04), p. 2429-
    Abstract: In this work we developed methylene blue-immobilized copper-iron nanoparticles (MB-CuFe NPs) through a facile one-step hydrothermal reaction to achieve a better phototherapeutic effect. The Fe/Cu ratio of the CuFe NPs was controllable by merely changing the loading amount of iron precursor concentration. The CuFe NPs could serve as a Fenton catalyst to convert hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) into reactive oxygen species (ROS), while the superparamagnetic properties also suggest magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) potential. Furthermore, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved MB photosensitizer could strongly adsorb onto the surface of CuFe NPs to facilitate the drug delivery into cells and improve the photodynamic therapy at 660 nm via significant generation of singlet oxygen species, leading to enhanced cancer cell-damaging efficacy. An MTT (thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide) assay proved the low cytotoxicity of the CuFe NPs to cervical cancer cells (HeLa cells), namely above 80% at 25 ppm of the sample dose. A slight dissolution of Cu and Fe ions from the CuFe NPs in an acidic environment was obtained, providing direct evidence for CuFe NPs being degradable without the risk of long-term retention in the body. Moreover, the tremendous photo-to-thermal conversion of CuFe NPs was examined, which might be combined with photodynamic therapy (PDT) for promising development in the depletion of cancer cells after a single pulse of deep-red light irradiation at high laser power.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2079-4991
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/nano10122429
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662255-5
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