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  • MDPI AG  (285)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Methanol Extract of Clavularia inflata Exerts Apoptosis and DNA Damage to Oral Cancer Cells
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Antioxidants Vol. 11, No. 9 ( 2022-09-08), p. 1777-
    Details
    In: Antioxidants, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 9 ( 2022-09-08), p. 1777-
    Abstract: Antiproliferation effects of Clavularia-derived natural products against cancer cells have been reported on, but most studies have focused on identifying bioactive compounds, lacking a detailed investigation of the molecular mechanism. Crude extracts generally exhibit multiple targeting potentials for anticancer effects, but they have rarely been assessed for methanol extracts of Clavularia inflata (MECI). This investigation aims to evaluate the antiproliferation of MECI and to examine several potential mechanisms between oral cancer and normal cells. A 24 h MTS assay demonstrated that MECI decreased cell viability in several oral cancer cell lines more than in normal cells. N-acetylcysteine (NAC), an oxidative stress inhibitor, recovered these antiproliferation effects. Higher oxidative stress was stimulated by MECI in oral cancer cells than in normal cells, as proven by examining reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial superoxide. This preferential induction of oxidative stress was partly explained by downregulating more cellular antioxidants, such as glutathione, in oral cancer cells than in normal cells. Consequently, the MECI-generated high oxidative stress in oral cancer cells was preferred to trigger more subG1 population, apoptosis expression (annexin V and caspase activation), and DNA damage, reverted by NAC. In conclusion, MECI is a potent marine natural product showing preferential antiproliferation against oral cancer cells.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-3921
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/antiox11091777
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704216-9
    SSG: 15,3
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  • 2
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    Methanol Extract of Commelina Plant Inhibits Oral Cancer Cell Proliferation
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Antioxidants Vol. 11, No. 9 ( 2022-09-14), p. 1813-
    Details
    In: Antioxidants, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 9 ( 2022-09-14), p. 1813-
    Abstract: Data regarding the effects of crude extract of Commelina plants in oral cancer treatment are scarce. This present study aimed to assess the proliferation-modulating effects of the Commelina sp. (MECO) methanol extract on oral cancer cells in culture, Ca9-22, and CAL 27. MECO suppressed viability to a greater extent in oral cancer cells than in normal cells. MECO also induced more annexin V, apoptosis, and caspase signaling for caspases 3/8/9 in oral cancer cells. The preferential antiproliferation and apoptosis were associated with cellular and mitochondrial oxidative stress in oral cancer cells. Moreover, MECO also preferentially induced DNA damage in oral cancer cells by elevating γH2AX and 8-hydroxyl-2′-deoxyguanosine. The oxidative stress scavengers N-acetylcysteine or MitoTEMPO reverted these preferential antiproliferation mechanisms. It can be concluded that MECO is a natural product with preferential antiproliferation effects and exhibits an oxidative stress-associated mechanism in oral cancer cells.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-3921
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/antiox11091813
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704216-9
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  • 3
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    A Polysaccharide Isolated from Codonopsis pilosula with Immunomodulation Effects Both In Vitro and In Vivo
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Molecules Vol. 24, No. 20 ( 2019-10-09), p. 3632-
    Details
    In: Molecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 24, No. 20 ( 2019-10-09), p. 3632-
    Abstract: In this study, an acidic polysaccharide from Codonopsis pilosula Nannf. var. modesta (Nannf.) L. T. Shen (WCP-I) and its main fragment, WCP-Ia, obtained after pectinase digestion, were structurally elucidated and found to consist of a rhamnogalacturonan I (RG-I) region containing both arabinogalactan type I (AG-I) and type II (AG-II) as sidechains. They both expressed immunomodulating activity against Peyer’s patch cells. Endo-1,4-β-galactanase degradation gave a decrease of interleukine 6 (IL-6) production compared with native WCP-I and WCP-Ia, but exo-α-l-arabinofuranosidase digestion showed no changes in activity. This demonstrated that the stimulation activity partly disappeared with removal of β-d-(1→4)-galactan chains, proving that the AG-I side chain plays an important role in immunoregulation activity. WCP-Ia had a better promotion effect than WCP-I in vivo, shown through an increased spleen index, higher concentrations of IL-6, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in serum, and a slight increment in the secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) and CD4+/CD8+ T lymphocyte ratio. These results suggest that β-d-(1→4)-galactan-containing chains in WCP-I play an essential role in the expression of immunomodulating activity. Combining all the results in this and previous studies, the intestinal immune system might be the target site of WCP-Ia.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1420-3049
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/molecules24203632
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008644-1
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  • 4
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    An Operational Model for Remote Estimating Absorption of Optical Activity Constituents
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Water Vol. 14, No. 7 ( 2022-04-03), p. 1154-
    Details
    In: Water, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 7 ( 2022-04-03), p. 1154-
    Abstract: The need for an accurate model that can derive the absorption coefficient of optical activity constituents from both marine water and coastal water remains necessary. This study aimed to develop an algorithm for determining the absorption coefficients for both phytoplankton and non-phytoplankton pigments [aph(λ) and adg(λ), respectively]. This algorithm included two portions: (1) the total absorption coefficients at the blue and green bands were computed using a neural network technology-based, quasi-analytical algorithm; and (2) the relationship between the adg(λ) coefficient and the coefficient of total absorption was analyzed. This algorithm was evaluated with both in-situ observations and remote-sensed satellite data. The results showed that the algorithm could produce acceptable results in the retrievals of adg(λ) and aph(λ) in both turbid and clear waters. The results also indicated that the proposed algorithm was effective for distinguishing between adg(λ) and aph(λ) from the total coefficients of absorption, even though more independent assessments using in-situ and remote-sensed data are required to further improve the approach.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4441
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/w14071154
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2521238-2
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  • 5
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    Sanguinarine Attenuates Collagen-Induced Platelet Activation and Thrombus Formation
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Biomedicines Vol. 9, No. 5 ( 2021-04-21), p. 444-
    Details
    In: Biomedicines, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 5 ( 2021-04-21), p. 444-
    Abstract: Sanguinarine, a benzophenanthridine alkaloid, has been described to have an antiplatelet activity. However, its antithrombotic effect and the mechanism of platelet inhibition have not thoroughly been explored. The current study found that sanguinarine had an inhibitory effect on thrombus formation. This inhibitory effect was quite evident both in the flow-chamber assays as well as in a murine model of FeCl3-induced carotid artery thrombosis. Further investigations also revealed that sanguinarine inhibited the collagen-induced human platelet aggregation and granule release. At the same time, it also prevented platelet spreading and adhesion to immobilized fibrinogen. The molecular mechanisms of its antiplatelet activity were found to be as follows: 1. Reduced phosphorylation of the downstream signaling pathways in collagen specific receptor GPVI (Syk-PLCγ2 and PI3K-Akt-GSK3β); 2. Inhibition of collagen-induced increase in the intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i); 3. Inhibition of integrin αIIbβ3 outside-in signaling via reducing β3 and Src (Tyr-416) phosphorylation. It can be concluded that sanguinarine inhibits collagen-induced platelet activation and reduces thrombus formation. This effect is mediated via inhibiting the phosphorylation of multiple components in the GPVI signaling pathway. Current data also indicate that sanguinarine can be of some clinical value to treat cardiovascular diseases involving an excess of platelet activation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2227-9059
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9050444
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2720867-9
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  • 6
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    Synthesis, Self-Assembly and Characterization of Tandem Triblock BPOSS-PDI-X Shape Amphiphiles
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Molecules Vol. 24, No. 11 ( 2019-06-04), p. 2114-
    Details
    In: Molecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 24, No. 11 ( 2019-06-04), p. 2114-
    Abstract: In this article, we report the facile synthesis, self-assembly, and characterization of shape amphiphiles (BPOSS-PDI-X) based on isobutyl-functionalized polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (BPOSS), perylene tetracarboxylic diimide (PDI), and (60)fullerene (C60) moieties. Firstly, an asymmetrically functionalized diblock shape amphiphile precursor (BPOSS-PDI-OH) was obtained through the one-pot reaction between perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic dianhydride and two different amines, namely BPOSS-NH2 and 3-amino-1-propanol. It was further conjugated with C60-COOH to give a tri-block shape amphiphile (BPOSS-PDI-C60). Their chemical structures were thoroughly characterized by NMR, IR and MALDI-TOF MS spectrometry. In order to gain insights on the structure-property relationship, their self-assembly in gas phase, in solution, and in solid state were characterized using traveling wave ion mobility mass spectrometry (TWIM-MS), UV/Vis absorption, fluorescence emission spectrophotometer, and transmission electron microscopy, respectively. It was found that BPOSS-PDI-OH formed more complicated dimers than BPOSS-PDI-C60. Both samples showed unique aggregation behaviors in solution with increasing concentration, which could be attributed neither to H- nor to J-type and might be related to the discrete dimers. While BPOSS-PDI-C60 could hardly crystalize into ordered structures, BPOSS-PDI-OH could form nanobelt-shaped single crystals, which may hold potential applications in microelectronics.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1420-3049
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/molecules24112114
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008644-1
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  • 7
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    Preparation, Crystal and Properties of Nitrogen-Rich Energetic Salt of Bis(semicarbazide) 5,5′-Bitetrazole-1,1′-diolate
    MDPI AG ; 2016
    In:  Crystals Vol. 6, No. 2 ( 2016-02-06), p. 21-
    Details
    In: Crystals, MDPI AG, Vol. 6, No. 2 ( 2016-02-06), p. 21-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4352
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/cryst6020021
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2661516-2
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  • 8
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    Genome-Wide Analysis and Expression Profiles of the VOZ Gene Family in Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa)
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Genes Vol. 13, No. 10 ( 2022-09-21), p. 1695-
    Details
    In: Genes, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 10 ( 2022-09-21), p. 1695-
    Abstract: Vascular plant one zinc-finger (VOZ) proteins are a plant-specific transcription factor family and play important roles in plant development and stress responses. However, little is known about the VOZ genes in quinoa. In the present study, a genome-wide investigation of the VOZ gene family in quinoa was performed, including gene structures, conserved motifs, phylogeny, and expression profiles. A total of four quinoa VOZ genes distributed on three chromosomes were identified. Based on phylogenetic analysis, CqVOZ1 and CqVOZ3 belong to subfamily II, and CqVOZ2 and CqVOZ4 belong to subfamily III. Furthermore, the VOZ transcription factors of quinoa and sugarbeet were more closely related than other species. Except for CqVOZ3, all the other three CqVOZs have four exons and four introns. Analysis of conserved motifs indicated that each CqVOZ member contained seven common motifs. Multiple sequence alignment showed that the CqVOZ genes were highly conserved with consensus sequences, which might be plausibly significant for the preservation of structural integrity of the family proteins. Tissue expression analysis revealed that four CqVOZ genes were highly expressed in inflorescence and relatively low in leaves and stems, suggesting that these genes had obvious tissue expression specificity. The expression profiles of the quinoa CqVOZs under various abiotic stresses demonstrated that these genes were differentially induced by cold stress, salt stress, and drought stress. The transcript level of CqVOZ1 and CqVOZ4 were down-regulated by salt stress and drought stress, while CqVOZ2 and CqVOZ3 were up-regulated by cold, salt, and drought stress, which could be used as abiotic stress resistance candidate genes. This study systematically identifies the CqVOZ genes at the genome-wide level, contributing to a better understanding of the quinoa VOZ transcription factor family and laying a foundation for further exploring the molecular mechanism of development and stress resistance of quinoa.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4425
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/genes13101695
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527218-4
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  • 9
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    A Novel Semi-Supervised Feature Extraction Method and Its Application in Automotive Assembly Fault Diagnosis Based on Vision Sensor Data
    MDPI AG ; 2018
    In:  Sensors Vol. 18, No. 8 ( 2018-08-03), p. 2545-
    Details
    In: Sensors, MDPI AG, Vol. 18, No. 8 ( 2018-08-03), p. 2545-
    Abstract: The fault diagnosis of dimensional variation plays an essential role in the production of an automotive body. However, it is difficult to identify faults based on small labeled sample data using traditional supervised learning methods. The present study proposed a novel feature extraction method named, semi-supervised complete kernel Fisher discriminant (SS-CKFDA), and a new fault diagnosis flow for automotive assembly was introduced based on this method. SS-CKFDA is a combination of traditional complete kernel Fisher discriminant (CKFDA) and semi-supervised learning. It adjusts the Fisher criterion with the data global structure extracted from large unlabeled samples. When the number of labeled samples is small, the global structure that exists in the measured data can effectively improve the extraction effects of the projected vector. The experimental results on Tennessee Eastman Process (TEP) data demonstrated that the proposed method can improve diagnostic performance, when compared to other Fisher discriminant algorithms. Finally, the experimental results on the optical coordinate data proves that the method can be applied in the automotive assembly process, and achieve a better performance.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1424-8220
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/s18082545
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2052857-7
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  • 10
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    The Polysaccharides from Codonopsis pilosula Modulates the Immunity and Intestinal Microbiota of Cyclophosphamide-Treated Immunosuppressed Mice
    MDPI AG ; 2018
    In:  Molecules Vol. 23, No. 7 ( 2018-07-20), p. 1801-
    Details
    In: Molecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 23, No. 7 ( 2018-07-20), p. 1801-
    Abstract: Based on previous studies about microflora regulation and immunity enhancement activities of polysaccharides from Codonopsis pilosula Nannf. var. modesta (Nannf.) L. T. Shen (CPP), there is little study on intestinal mucosal immunity, which is a possible medium for contacting microflora and immunity. In the present study, the BALB/c mice were divided into five groups (eight mice in each group), including a normal group (Con), a model control group (Model), and model groups that were administered CPP (50, 100, 200 mg/kg/d) orally each day for seven days after intraperitoneal injection of 60 mg/kg BW/d cyclophosphamide (CP) for three days. CPP recovered the spleen index and restored the levels of IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-10, as well as serum IgG. In addition, it elevated ileum secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA), the number of Lactobacillus and acetic acid content in cecum. These results indicated that CPP plays an important role in the protection against immunosuppression, especially mucosa immune damage, and the inhibition of pathogenic bacteria colonization, which could be considered a potential natural source of immunoregulator.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1420-3049
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/molecules23071801
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008644-1
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