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  • MDPI AG  (12)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Effect of Combined Surgery in Patients with Complex Nanophthalmos
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Journal of Clinical Medicine Vol. 11, No. 19 ( 2022-10-07), p. 5909-
    Details
    In: Journal of Clinical Medicine, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 19 ( 2022-10-07), p. 5909-
    Abstract: (1) Background: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of combined surgery (limited pars plana vitrectomy, anterior-chamber stabilized phacoemulsification, IOL implantation and posterior capsulotomy, LPPV + ACSP + IOL + PC) in complex nanophthalmos. (2) Methods: Patients with complex nanophthalmos were recruited to undergo LPPV + ACSP + IOL + PC from January 2017 to February 2021. Preoperative and post-operative intraocular pressure (IOP), best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), anterior chamber depth (ACD), and number of glaucoma medications were compared using the paired t-test or Wilcoxon signed rank sum tests. Surgical success rate was evaluated. Surgery-associated complications were documented. (3) Results: Forty-five eyes of 37 patients with complex nanophthalmos were enrolled. The mean follow-up period was 21.7 ± 10.6 months after surgery. Mean IOP decreased from 32.7 ± 8.7 mmHg before surgery to 16.9 ± 4.5 mmHg (p 〈 0.001) at the final follow-up visit, mean logMAR BCVA improved from 1.28 ± 0.64 to 0.96 ± 0.44 (p 〈 0.001), mean ACD significantly increased from 1.14 ± 0.51 mm to 3.07 ± 0.66 mm (p 〈 0.001), and the median number of glaucoma medications dropped from 3 (1, 4) to 2 (0, 4) (p 〈 0.001). The success rate was 88.9% (40 eyes) at the final follow-up visit. Two eyes had localized choroidal detachments which resolved with medical treatment. (4) Conclusions: LPPV + ACSP + IOL + PC is a safe and effective surgical procedure, which can decrease IOP, improve BCVA, deepen the anterior chamber, and reduce the number of glaucoma medications in patients with complex nanophthalmos. It can be considered as one of the first treatment in nanophthalmic eyes with complex conditions.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2077-0383
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jcm11195909
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662592-1
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Influence of Tuning Fork Resonance Properties on Quartz-Enhanced Photoacoustic Spectroscopy Performance
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Sensors Vol. 19, No. 18 ( 2019-09-04), p. 3825-
    Details
    In: Sensors, MDPI AG, Vol. 19, No. 18 ( 2019-09-04), p. 3825-
    Abstract: A detailed investigation of the influence of quartz tuning forks (QTFs) resonance properties on the performance of quartz-enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy (QEPAS) exploiting QTFs as acousto-electric transducers is reported. The performance of two commercial QTFs with the same resonance frequency (32.7 KHz) but different geometries and two custom QTFs with lower resonance frequencies (2.9 KHz and 7.2 KHz) were compared and discussed. The results demonstrated that the fundamental resonance frequency as well as the quality factor and the electrical resistance were strongly inter-dependent on the QTF prongs geometry. Even if the resonance frequency was reduced, the quality factor must be kept as high as possible and the electrical resistance as low as possible in order to guarantee high QEPAS performance.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1424-8220
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/s19183825
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2052857-7
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Application of Micro Quartz Tuning Fork in Trace Gas Sensing by Use of Quartz-Enhanced Photoacoustic Spectroscopy
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Sensors Vol. 19, No. 23 ( 2019-11-28), p. 5240-
    Details
    In: Sensors, MDPI AG, Vol. 19, No. 23 ( 2019-11-28), p. 5240-
    Abstract: A novel quartz-enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy (QEPAS) sensor based on a micro quartz tuning fork (QTF) is reported. As a photoacoustic transducer, a novel micro QTF was 3.7 times smaller than the usually used standard QTF, resulting in a gas sampling volume of ~0.1 mm3. As a proof of concept, water vapor in the air was detected by using 1.39 μm distributed feedback (DFB) laser. A detailed analysis of the performance of a QEPAS sensor based on the micro QTF was performed by detecting atmosphere H2O. The laser focus position and the laser modulation depth were optimized to improve the QEPAS excitation efficiency. A pair of acoustic micro resonators (AmRs) was assembled with the micro QTF in an on-beam configuration to enhance the photoacoustic signal. The AmRs geometry was optimized to amplify the acoustic resonance. With a 1 s integration time, a normalized noise equivalent absorption coefficient (NNEA) of 1.97 × 10−8 W·cm−1·Hz−1/2 was achieved when detecting H2O at less than 1 atm.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1424-8220
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/s19235240
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2052857-7
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Security Performance Analysis of LEO Satellite Constellation Networks under DDoS Attack
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Sensors Vol. 22, No. 19 ( 2022-09-26), p. 7286-
    Details
    In: Sensors, MDPI AG, Vol. 22, No. 19 ( 2022-09-26), p. 7286-
    Abstract: Low Earth orbit satellite constellation networks (LSCNs) have attracted significant attention around the world due to their great advantages of low latency and wide coverage, but they also bring new challenges to network security. Distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks are considered one of the most threatening attack methods in the field of Internet security. In this paper, a space-time graph model is built to identify the key nodes in LSCNs, and a DDoS attack is adopted as the main means to attack the key nodes. The scenarios of two-satellite-key-node and multi-satellite-key-node attacks are considered, and their security performance against DDoS attacks is also analyzed. The simulation results show that the transmission path of key satellite nodes will change rapidly after being attacked, and the average end-to-end delay and packet loss are linearly related to the number of key-node attacks. This work provides a comprehensive analysis of the security performance of LSCNs under a DDoS attack and theoretical support for future research on anti-DDoS attack strategies for LSCNs.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1424-8220
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/s22197286
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2052857-7
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Mechanism of (R,R) ZX-5 on Increasing NO Release
    MDPI AG ; 2010
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 11, No. 9 ( 2010-09-15), p. 3323-3333
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 9 ( 2010-09-15), p. 3323-3333
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms11093323
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2010
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Growth, Lipid Accumulation and Fatty Acid Profile Analysis by Abscisic Acid and Indol-3-Acetic Acid Induced in Chlorella sp. FACHB-8
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 23, No. 7 ( 2022-04-06), p. 4064-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 23, No. 7 ( 2022-04-06), p. 4064-
    Abstract: Microalgae are considered a promising source for biodiesel. The addition of plant hormone can exert a significant impact on the production of microalgae biomass and lipid accumulation. Nevertheless, the response of microalgae cells to hormones is species- or strain-dependent. It remains controversial which genes involved in strong increase of fatty acids production in response to abscisic acid (ABA) in Chlorella sp. FACHB-8 strain. We investigated cell growth, lipid accumulation, and fatty acid composition when ABA and indol-3-acetic acid (IAA) were used in the growth medium of Chlorella sp. FACHB-8. The four treatments, including 5 mg/L IAA (E1), 10 mg/L IAA (E2), 10 mg/L ABA (E3), the combination of 5 mg/L IAA and 5 mg/L ABA (E4), were found to increase cell growth, but only 10 mg/L ABA treatment could enhance the lipid accumulation. The fatty acid profile was changed by the addition of ABA, making fatty acids afflux from polyunsaturated fatty acids to monounsaturated and saturated fatty acids, which were suitable for diesel application. Furthermore, a transcriptome analysis was conducted, unraveling the differentially expressed genes enriched in fatty acid biosynthesis, fatty acid metabolism, and biosynthesis of the unsaturated fatty acid pathway in response to ABA. Our results clarified the correlation of fatty acid synthesis-related genes and fatty acid profiles, helping understand the potential response mechanism of Chlorella sp. FACHB-8 strain respond to ABA treatment.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms23074064
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Changes in Runoff in the Source Region of the Yellow River Basin Based on CMIP6 Data under the Goal of Carbon Neutrality
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Water Vol. 15, No. 13 ( 2023-07-04), p. 2457-
    Details
    In: Water, MDPI AG, Vol. 15, No. 13 ( 2023-07-04), p. 2457-
    Abstract: China is committed to achieving carbon neutrality before 2060. This study projected the changes in climate and runoff in the source region of the Yellow River Basin for 2021–2060 under lower carbon emission pathways (SSP1–2.6 and SSP2–4.5) using a statistically downscaled climate dataset and the SWAT hydrological model. Results showed that the climate will become warmer and wetter from 2021–2060. In comparison with the baseline period (1995–2014), in terms of the ensemble mean, annual mean air temperature, annual precipitation, and annual runoff will increase by 1.3 °C and 1.6 °C, by 11.1% and 11.2%, and by 12.8% and 11.9% under SSP1–2.6 and SSP2–4.5 scenarios, respectively. Moreover, the seasonal pattern of runoff was projected to change. The proportion of monthly runoff to the annual total will decrease by 0.6–1.0% in summer but increase by 0.1–1.0% during the period from January to April and September to December. The multimodel ensemble mean (MEM) of extremely high monthly flow (Q10) will increase by 3.5–13.4% in the flood season (June to August) and water storage season (September to December). The MEM of extremely low monthly flow (Q90) will increase by 19.4–26.2% from February to April but decrease by 5.0–8.9% in January, May, and December. Thus, the warmer and wetter climate from 2021–2060 will likely cause flatter seasonal distribution of runoff, lower risk of water scarcity at the annual scale and of drought from February to April, but higher risk both of flood in the flood season and of drought in December, January, and May. Generally, the flatter pattern of runoff would likely alleviate water scarcity in the dry and water storage seasons to some degree, and the increase in monthly runoff in the water storage season will benefit hydroelectric power generation and agriculture and animal husbandry production. However, in some years, the increase in Q10 in the flood season will likely increase flood prevention pressure, and the decrease in Q90 in May will likely obstruct grass revival.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4441
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/w15132457
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2521238-2
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  • 8
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    Ribosome-Inactivating Proteins of Bougainvillea glabra Uncovered Polymorphism and Active Site Divergence
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Toxins Vol. 13, No. 5 ( 2021-05-04), p. 331-
    Details
    In: Toxins, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 5 ( 2021-05-04), p. 331-
    Abstract: Ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIPs) are toxic proteins that can inhibit protein synthesis. RIPs purified from Bougainvillea have low nonspecific toxicity, showing promise for processing applications in the agricultural and medical fields. However, systematic research on the polymorphism of Bougainvillea RIPs is lacking, and it is worth exploring whether different isoforms differ in their active characteristics. The transcriptional and translational expression of type I RIPs in Bougainvillea glabra leaves was investigated in this study. Seven RIPs exhibited seasonal variation at both the mRNA and protein levels. The isoforms BI4 and BI6 showed the highest transcriptional expression in both the summer and autumn samples. Interestingly, BI6 was not detected in the protein level in any of the samples. However, the bioinformatics analysis showed that RIPs derived from the same species were gathered in a different cluster, and that the active sites changed among the isoforms during evolution. The significant discrepancy in Bougainvillea RIPs mainly locates at both termini of the amino acid sequence, particularly at the C terminus. Post-translational modifications may also exist in Bougainvillea RIPs. It is concluded that the reason for the polymorphism of Bougainvillea RIPs may be that these proteins are encoded by multiple genes due to genetic processes such as gene duplication and mutation. According to the results of sequence analysis, the possible functional differences of B. glabra RIP isoforms are discussed with regard to the observed discrepancy in both active sites and structures.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6651
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/toxins13050331
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518395-3
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    β-Delayed γ Emissions of 26P and Its Mirror Asymmetry
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Symmetry Vol. 13, No. 12 ( 2021-11-30), p. 2278-
    Details
    In: Symmetry, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 12 ( 2021-11-30), p. 2278-
    Abstract: The study of the origin of asymmetries in mirror β decay is extremely important to understand the fundamental nuclear force and the nuclear structure. The experiment was performed at the National Laboratory of Heavy Ion Research Facility in Lanzhou (HIRFL) to measure the β-delayed γ rays of 26P by silicon array and Clover-type high-purity Germanium (HPGe) detectors. Combining with results from the β decay of 26P and its mirror nucleus 26Na, the mirror asymmetry parameter δ ( ≡ft+/ft−− 1) was determined to be 46(13)% for the transition feeding the first excited state in the daughter nucleus. Our independent results support the conclusion that the large mirror asymmetry is close to the proton halo structure in 26P.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-8994
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/sym13122278
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518382-5
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Strength Failure of CO2 Injection Tubular Strings Considering CO2 Phase Transition
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Energies Vol. 15, No. 23 ( 2022-11-25), p. 8932-
    Details
    In: Energies, MDPI AG, Vol. 15, No. 23 ( 2022-11-25), p. 8932-
    Abstract: Compared with traditional injection tubular strings, the stresses on CO2 injection tubular strings are more complex. The results from field applications show that the phase transition of CO2 fluid in CO2 injection strings is an important factor in the calculation of temperature distribution and analysis of string mechanics. Therefore, we propose a strength analysis method for CO2 injection tubular strings that considers the CO2 phase transition. We selected four CO2 injection strings in an oil field in China as examples to evaluate their strength and safety. First, we established coupled differential equations for the temperature, pressure, and physical parameters of CO2 injection strings according to the theory of fluid flow and heat transfer. Then, we used an adaptive fuzzy neural network to construct the model for calculating the CO2 convection heat transfer coefficient and used this to obtain the high-precision convection heat transfer coefficients of tubular strings under conditions of CO2 flooding. We analyzed the injection-string deformations that resulted from the piston, spiral bending, expansion, friction and temperature effects according to the stress characteristics of the CO2 injection strings with packers under different working conditions. Finally, we performed mechanical analyses on the collapse resistance, internal pressure resistance, and tensile and triaxial stresses of the CO2 injection strings, and the results of these analyses provide a theoretical basis for the strength analysis of CO2 injection strings.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1996-1073
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/en15238932
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2437446-5
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