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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Raw Garlic Consumption and Risk of Liver Cancer: A Population-Based Case-Control Study in Eastern China
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Nutrients Vol. 11, No. 9 ( 2019-08-31), p. 2038-
    Details
    In: Nutrients, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 9 ( 2019-08-31), p. 2038-
    Abstract: Although the major risk factors for liver cancer have been established, preventive factors for liver cancer have not been fully explored. We evaluated the association between raw garlic consumption and liver cancer in a large population-based case-control study in Eastern China. The study was conducted in Jiangsu, China, from 2003 to 2010. A total of 2011 incident liver cancer cases and 7933 randomly selected population-controls were interviewed. Epidemiological data including raw garlic intake and other exposures were collected, and serum markers of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection were assayed. Overall, eating raw garlic twice or more per week was inversely associated with liver cancer, with an adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of 0.77 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.62–0.96) compared to those ingesting no raw garlic or less than twice per week. In stratified analyses, high intake of raw garlic was inversely associated with liver cancer among Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) negative individuals, frequent alcohol drinkers, those having history of eating mold-contaminated food or drinking raw water, and those without family history of liver cancer. Marginal interactions on an additive scale were observed between low raw garlic intake and HBsAg positivity (attributable proportion due to interaction (AP) = 0.31, 95% CI: -0.01–0.62) and heavy alcohol drinking (AP = 0.28, 95% CI: 0.00–0.57). Raw garlic consumption is inversely associated with liver cancer. Such an association shed some light on the potential etiologic role of garlic intake on liver cancer, which in turn might provide a possible dietary intervention to reduce liver cancer in Chinese population.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6643
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/nu11092038
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518386-2
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dietary Intake of Fatty Acids, Total Cholesterol, and Stomach Cancer in a Chinese Population
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Nutrients Vol. 11, No. 8 ( 2019-07-26), p. 1730-
    Details
    In: Nutrients, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 8 ( 2019-07-26), p. 1730-
    Abstract: To investigate the associations between dietary fatty acids and cholesterol consumption and stomach cancer (SC), we analyzed data from a population-based case-control study with a total of 1900 SC cases and 6532 controls. Dietary data and other risk or protective factors were collected by face-to-face interviews in Jiangsu Province, China, from 2003 to 2010. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using multiple unconditional logistic regression models and an energy-adjusted method. The joint associations between dietary factors and known risk factors on SC were examined. We observed positive associations between dietary saturated fatty acids (SFAs), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), and total cholesterol and the development of SC, comparing the highest versus lowest quarters. Increased intakes of dietary SFAs (p-trend = 0.005; aOR, 1.11; 95% CI, 1.01–1.22 with a 7 g/day increase as a continuous variable) and total cholesterol (p-trend 〈 0.001; aOR, 1.13; 95% CI, 1.06–1.22 with a 250 mg/day increase as a continuous variable) were monotonically associated with elevated odds of developing SC. Our results indicate that dietary SFAs, MUFAs, and total cholesterol are associated with stomach cancer, which might provide a potential dietary intervention for stomach cancer prevention.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6643
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/nu11081730
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518386-2
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Nanobody-Based Indirect Competitive ELISA for Sensitive Detection of 19-Nortestosterone in Animal Urine
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Biomolecules Vol. 11, No. 2 ( 2021-01-27), p. 167-
    Details
    In: Biomolecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 2 ( 2021-01-27), p. 167-
    Abstract: Nanobody (Nb), a new type of biorecognition element generally from Camelidae, has the characteristics of small molecular weight, high stability, great solubility and high expression level in E. coli. In this study, with 19-nortestosterone (19-NT), an anabolic androgenic steroid as target drug, three specific Nbs against 19-NT were selected from camel immune library by phage display technology. The obtained Nbs showed excellent thermostability and organic solvent tolerance. The nanobody Nb2F7 with the best performance was used to develop a sensitive indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ic-ELISA) for 19-NT detection. Under optimized conditions, the standard curve of ic-ELISA was fitted with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 1.03 ng/mL and a detection limit (LOD) of 0.10 ng/mL for 19-NT. Meanwhile, the developed assay had low cross- reactivity with analogs and the recoveries of 19-NT ranged from 82.61% to 99.24% in spiked samples. The correlation coefficient between ic-ELISA and the ultra-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method was 0.9975, which indicated that the nanobody-based ic-ELISA could be a useful tool for a rapid analysis of 19-NT in animal urine samples.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2218-273X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/biom11020167
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2701262-1
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Simvastatin Attenuated Tumor Growth in Different Pancreatic Tumor Animal Models
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Pharmaceuticals Vol. 15, No. 11 ( 2022-11-14), p. 1408-
    Details
    In: Pharmaceuticals, MDPI AG, Vol. 15, No. 11 ( 2022-11-14), p. 1408-
    Abstract: Newly diagnosed pancreatic cancer increases year by year, while the prognosis of pancreatic cancer has not been very good. Statin drugs were found to have protective effects against a variety of cancers, but their association with pancreatic cancer remains to be clarified. This study used different pancreatic cancer cell lines and in different animal models to confirm the relationship between simvastatin and pancreatic cancer. Flow cytometry and luciferase-based bioluminescent images were used to investigate the cell cycle and tumor growth changes under simvastatin treatment. Simvastatin decreased the MIA PaCa-2 cells, PANC-1 cells, and BxPC-3 cell viability significantly and may arrest the cell cycle in the G0 phase. During in vivo study, subcutaneously implanted simvastatin pre-treated pancreatic cancer cells and intraperitoneally treated simvastatin continuously demonstrated a slower tumor growth rate and decreased the tumor/body weight ratio significantly. In intravenous implant models, implanted simvastatin-pre-treated BxPC-3 cells and cells treated along with simvastatin significantly decreased the tumor growth curve. Implanting the simvastatin-pre-treated pancreatic cells in the subcutaneous model showed better growth inhibition than the intravenous model. These results suggest simvastatin treatment may relate to different signaling pathways in local growth and metastasis. Pancreatic cancer cells presented different growth patterns in different animal-induced models, which could be important for clinical reference when it comes to the relationship of long-term statin use and pancreatic cancer.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1424-8247
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ph15111408
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2193542-7
    SSG: 15,3
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Effects of Aβ1-42 Binding to the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein S1 Subunit and Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 22, No. 15 ( 2021-07-30), p. 8226-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 22, No. 15 ( 2021-07-30), p. 8226-
    Abstract: Increasing evidence suggests that elderly people with dementia are vulnerable to the development of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the major form of dementia, β-amyloid (Aβ) levels in the blood are increased; however, the impact of elevated Aβ levels on the progression of COVID-19 remains largely unknown. Here, our findings demonstrate that Aβ1-42, but not Aβ1-40, bound to various viral proteins with a preferentially high affinity for the spike protein S1 subunit (S1) of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and the viral receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). These bindings were mainly through the C-terminal residues of Aβ1-42. Furthermore, Aβ1-42 strengthened the binding of the S1 of SARS-CoV-2 to ACE2 and increased the viral entry and production of IL-6 in a SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus infection model. Intriguingly, data from a surrogate mouse model with intravenous inoculation of Aβ1-42 show that the clearance of Aβ1-42 in the blood was dampened in the presence of the extracellular domain of the spike protein trimers of SARS-CoV-2, whose effects can be prevented by a novel anti-Aβ antibody. In conclusion, these findings suggest that the binding of Aβ1-42 to the S1 of SARS-CoV-2 and ACE2 may have a negative impact on the course and severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Further investigations are warranted to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and examine whether reducing the level of Aβ1-42 in the blood is beneficial to the fight against COVID-19 and AD.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158226
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Prevalence and Factors Associated with the Reuse of Mask during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Nationwide Survey in Taiwan
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Vol. 18, No. 15 ( 2021-07-29), p. 8065-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, MDPI AG, Vol. 18, No. 15 ( 2021-07-29), p. 8065-
    Abstract: Mask usage is an effective measure to prevent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2) infection; however, mask reuse is not recommended. Studies examining the factors associated with mask reuse during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic are limited. This nationwide survey aimed to determine the prevalence and factors associated with mask reuse among Taiwanese citizens during the pandemic. From 18 May through 31 May 2020, a computer-assisted telephone interview system was used to randomly select Taiwanese citizens for interview regarding COVID-19-preventive behaviors and knowledge on mask usage. For a total of 1075 participants, the overall mean age was 57.4 years, and 82.2% of participants reported mask reuse during the COVID-19 pandemic. After controlling for other covariates, participants who had a greater knowledge of mask usage or had a high supply of masks were less likely to reuse masks during the pandemic. Moreover, generalized estimating equations (GEE) analysis showed that, compared with the participants’ mask-wearing behaviors before the COVID-19 pandemic, they were more likely to reuse masks during the pandemic. Thus, it is imperative to educate people on the correct usage of masks. Furthermore, the government should provide sufficient masks to the general population to reduce mask reuse.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1660-4601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18158065
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2175195-X
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Radioactive Iodine Treatment for Thyroid Cancer Patients Increases the Risk of Long-Term Gastrointestinal Disorders: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Analysis
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Cancers Vol. 14, No. 10 ( 2022-05-19), p. 2505-
    Details
    In: Cancers, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 10 ( 2022-05-19), p. 2505-
    Abstract: (1) Background: The study aimed to investigate the association between radioactive iodine (RAI) treatment and long-term gastrointestinal disorders including ulcers, atrophic gastritis, and secondary malignant neoplasm of the stomach in patients with thyroid cancer. (2) Methods: The data of the study were extracted from the National Health Insurance Database (NHIRD) of Taiwan between 2000 to 2015. Patients of ages older than 20 with thyroid cancer after thyroidectomy were included and divided into groups with RAI (study cohort) and without RAI (comparison cohort). Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis and the Kaplan–Meier method were used for statistical analysis. (3) Results: A total of 7250 (with RAI: 5800, without RAI: 1450) patients were included. The Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed a significantly higher cumulative risk for overall gastrointestinal disorders in the group with RAI (log-rank p = 0.034). The risk for gastrointestinal disorders was higher when receiving a cumulative RAI dose higher than 1.11 GBq in the Cox regression analysis. In the subgroup analysis, the risks of gastric and duodenal ulcers are significantly higher in the group with RAI treatment. (4) Conclusions: This study revealed that RAI was associated with an increased risk for long-term gastrointestinal disorders, specifically gastric and duodenal ulcers, in thyroid cancer, especially when the cumulative dose exceeds 1.11 GBq.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6694
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/cancers14102505
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527080-1
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Biocontrol Agent Pyemotes zhonghuajia Has the Highest Lethal Weight Ratio Compared with Its Prey and the Most Dramatic Body Weight Change during Pregnancy
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Insects Vol. 12, No. 6 ( 2021-05-25), p. 490-
    Details
    In: Insects, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 6 ( 2021-05-25), p. 490-
    Abstract: Pyemotes spp. are small, toxic, ectoparasitic mites that suppress Coleoptera, Hemiptera, and Lepidoptera plant pests. To explore their potential use as a biocontrol agent, we studied the reproductive development, paralytic process, time to lethality and mortality, and searching ability of Pyemotes zhonghuajia on different developmental stages of the oriental leafworm moth, Spodoptera litura. Pyemotes zhonghuajia gained 14,826 times its body weight during pregnancy. One single P. zhonghuajia female could rapidly kill one S. litura egg and first to third instar larvae, but not fourth to sixth instar larvae, prepupae, or pupae within 720 min. Pyemotes zhonghuajia could develop on eggs, first to sixth larvae, and pupae, but only produced offspring on the eggs and pupae. A single P. zhonghuajia female (an average weight of 23.81 ng) could paralyze and kill one S. litura third instar larvae (an average weight of 16.29 mg)—680,000 times its own weight. Mites significantly affected the hatch rate of S. litura eggs, which reduced with increasing mite densities on S. litura eggs. Releasing 50 or 100 P. zhonghuajia in a 2 cm searching range resulted in significantly higher mortality rates of S. litura first instar larvae within 48 h compared to second and third instar larvae in searching ranges of 4.5 and 7.5 cm within 24 h. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to reveal that P. zhonghuajia undergoes the greatest changes in weight during pregnancy of any adult female animal and has the highest lethal weight ratio of any biocontrol agent.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2075-4450
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/insects12060490
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662247-6
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Folinate Supplementation Ameliorates Methotrexate Induced Mitochondrial Formate Depletion In Vitro and In Vivo
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 22, No. 3 ( 2021-01-29), p. 1350-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 22, No. 3 ( 2021-01-29), p. 1350-
    Abstract: (1) Background: Antifolate methotrexate (MTX) is the most common disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) for treating human rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The mitochondrial-produced formate is essential for folate-mediated one carbon (1C) metabolism. The impacts of MTX on formate homeostasis in unknown, and rigorously controlled kinetic studies can greatly help in this regard. (2) Methods: Combining animal model (8-week old female C57BL/6JNarl mice, n = 18), cell models, stable isotopic tracer studies with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) platforms, we systematically investigated how MTX interferes with the partitioning of mitochondrial and cytosolic formate metabolism. (3) Results: MTX significantly reduced de novo deoxythymidylate (dTMP) and methionine biosyntheses from mitochondrial-derived formate in cells, mouse liver, and bone marrow, supporting our postulation that MTX depletes mitochondrial 1C supply. Furthermore, MTX inhibited formate generation from mitochondria glycine cleavage system (GCS) both in vitro and in vivo. Folinate selectively rescued 1C metabolic pathways in a tissue-, cellular compartment-, and pathway-specific manner: folinate effectively reversed the inhibition of mitochondrial formate-dependent 1C metabolism in mouse bone marrow (dTMP, methionine, and GCS) and cells (dTMP and GCS) but not methionine synthesis in liver/liver-derived cells. Folinate failed to fully recover hepatic mitochondrial-formate utilization for methionine synthesis, suggesting that the efficacy of clinical folinate rescue in MTX therapy on hepatic methionine metabolism is poor. (4) Conclusion: Conducting studies in mouse and cell models, we demonstrate novel findings that MTX specifically depletes mitochondrial 1C supply that can be ameliorated by folinate supplementation except for hepatic transmethylation. These results imply that clinical use of low-dose MTX may particularly impede 1C metabolism via depletion of mitochondrial formate. The MTX induced systematic and tissue-specific formate depletion needs to be addressed more carefully, and the efficacy of folinate with respect to protecting against such depletion deserves to be evaluated in medical practice.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031350
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Accumulation of Experience and Newly Developed Devices Can Improve the Safety and Voice Outcome of Total Thyroidectomy for Graves’ Disease
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Journal of Clinical Medicine Vol. 11, No. 5 ( 2022-02-27), p. 1298-
    Details
    In: Journal of Clinical Medicine, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 5 ( 2022-02-27), p. 1298-
    Abstract: Total thyroidectomy (TT) in patients with Graves’ disease is challenging even for an experienced thyroid surgeon. This study aimed to investigate the accumulation of experience and applying newly developed devices on major complications and voice outcomes after surgery of a single surgeon over 30 years. This study retrospectively reviewed 90 patients with Graves’ disease who received TT. Forty-six patients received surgery during 1990–1999 (Group A), and 44 patients received surgery during 2010–2019 (Group B). Major complications rates were compared between Group A/B, and objective voice parameters were compared between the usage of energy-based devices (EBDs) within Group B. Compared to Group B, Group A patients had higher rates of recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy (13.0%/1.1%, p = 0.001), postoperative hypocalcemia (47.8%/18.2%, p = 0.002), and postoperative hematoma (10.9%/2.3%, p = 0.108). Additionally, Group A had one permanent vocal cord palsy, four permanent hypocalcemia, and one thyroid storm, whereas none of Group B had these complications. Group B patients with EBDs had a significantly better pitch range (p = 0.015) and jitter (p = 0.035) than those without EBDs. To reduce the major complications rate, inexperienced thyroid surgeons should remain vigilant when performing TT for Graves’ disease. Updates on surgical concepts and the effective use of operative adjuncts are necessary to improve patient safety and voice outcome.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2077-0383
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jcm11051298
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662592-1
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