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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Stroke Risk in Young Women with Primary Dysmenorrhea: A Propensity-Score-Matched Retrospective Cohort Study
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Journal of Personalized Medicine Vol. 13, No. 1 ( 2023-01-04), p. 114-
    Details
    In: Journal of Personalized Medicine, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 1 ( 2023-01-04), p. 114-
    Abstract: Background: Studies on strokes associated with dysmenorrhea are limited. We conducted a propensity-score-matched retrospective cohort study to assess the risk of stroke in women with primary dysmenorrhea (PD). Methods: From the claims data of one million people in Taiwan’s insurance program, we identified 18,783 women aged 15–40 years, newly diagnosed with PD in 2000–2010, without a history of stroke. We randomly selected a comparison cohort without stroke history and dysmenorrhea, with the same sample size matched by age, index date, and propensity score. We began a follow-up with individuals one year after cohort entry to the end of 2013 to capture stroke events. Results: The two study cohorts were well-matched for age and comorbidities, with 54% of women aged 15–24. Stroke incidence was 1.5-fold higher in the PD cohort than in the comparison cohort (6.05 vs. 4.01 per 10,000 person-years, or 99 vs. 65 cases), with an adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) of 1.51 (95%CI 1.11–2.06) after adjustment for matched pairs. Nearly 70% of strokes were ischemic strokes, which occurred 1.6 times more frequently in the PD cohort than in the comparison cohort (4.40 vs. 2.71 per 10,000 person-years, or 72 vs. 44 cases), aHR = 1.61 (95% CI 1.11–2.33), after adjustment for matched pairs. The incidence of hemorrhagic stroke was also higher in the PD cohort than in the comparison cohort (1.65 vs. 1.29 per 10,000 person-years, or 27 versus 21 cases), but the difference was not significant. Conclusion: Women of reproductive age with PD are at increased risk for ischemic stroke.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2075-4426
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jpm13010114
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662248-8
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Risk of Ischemic Heart Disease Associated with Primary Dysmenorrhea: A Population-Based Retrospective Cohort Study
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Journal of Personalized Medicine Vol. 12, No. 10 ( 2022-09-29), p. 1610-
    Details
    In: Journal of Personalized Medicine, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 10 ( 2022-09-29), p. 1610-
    Abstract: The awareness on ischemic heart disease (IHD) in women with dysmenorrhea is insufficient. We utilized the National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) of Taiwan to evaluate this relationship. From the claims data, we established a cohort of women aged 15–50 years with primary dysmenorrhea diagnosed from 2000 to 2008 (n = 18,455) and a comparison cohort (n = 36,910) without dysmenorrhea, frequency matched by age and diagnosis date. Both cohorts were followed until the end of 2013 to assess IHD events. With 75% of study population aged 15–29 years, the incidence of IHD was greater in the dysmenorrheal cohort than in the comparison cohort (1.93 versus 1.18 per 10,000 person-years), with an adjusted hazard ratio of 1.60 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.38–1.85). The incidence increased with age and the rate of increase was greater in the dysmenorrheal cohort than the comparison cohort. Nested case-control analysis in the dysmenorrhea cohort showed that IHD risk was also associated with hypertension and arrhythmia, with adjusted odds ratios of 2.50 (95% CI = 1.64–3.81) and 3.30 (95% CI = 2.25–4.86), respectively. Women with dysmenorrhea are at a higher risk of developing IHD, particularly for older patients and patients with comorbidity.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2075-4426
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jpm12101610
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662248-8
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Bromelain Ameliorates Atherosclerosis by Activating the TFEB-Mediated Autophagy and Antioxidant Pathways
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Antioxidants Vol. 12, No. 1 ( 2022-12-29), p. 72-
    Details
    In: Antioxidants, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 1 ( 2022-12-29), p. 72-
    Abstract: Bromelain, a cysteine protease found in pineapple, has beneficial effects in the treatment of inflammatory diseases; however, its effects in cardiovascular pathophysiology are not fully understood. We investigated the effect of bromelain on atherosclerosis and its regulatory mechanisms in hyperlipidemia and atheroprone apolipoprotein E-null (apoe−/−) mice. Bromelain was orally administered to 16-week-old male apoe−/− mice for four weeks. Daily bromelain administration decreased hyperlipidemia and aortic inflammation, leading to atherosclerosis retardation in apoe−/− mice. Moreover, hepatic lipid accumulation was decreased by the promotion of cholesteryl ester hydrolysis and autophagy through the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/transcription factor EB (TFEB)-mediated upregulation of autophagy- and antioxidant-related proteins. Moreover, bromelain decreased oxidative stress by increasing the antioxidant capacity and protein expression of antioxidant proteins while downregulating the protein expression of NADPH oxidases and decreasing the production of reactive oxygen species. Therefore, AMPK/TFEB signaling may be crucial in bromelain-mediated anti-hyperlipidemia, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects, effecting the amelioration of atherosclerosis.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-3921
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/antiox12010072
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704216-9
    SSG: 15,3
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Comparing Prodrugs with Acyclovir for Treating Postherpetic Neuralgia among Herpes Zoster Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Healthcare Vol. 10, No. 7 ( 2022-06-24), p. 1181-
    Details
    In: Healthcare, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 7 ( 2022-06-24), p. 1181-
    Abstract: Postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) is a common, painful, and long-term complication of herpes zoster (HZ). PHN increases the demand for healthcare services and, previous studies showed that patients who received antiviral agents were less likely to develop PHN. The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy of prodrugs and acyclovir in treating PHN among patients with HZ. The search included the PubMed, Medline, Embase, and Cochrane Center of Register of Controlled Trails databases through February 2022. Clinical trials and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving antiviral agent intervention for HZ patients diagnosed with PHN were eligible for inclusion. A meta-analysis was conducted to calculate pooled risk ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) with a fix-effect model. Five RCTs with 1147 HZ patients met our eligibility criteria. Our meta-analysis found that there was a significantly lower risk of PHN for members of the prodrugs group (famciclovir and valaciclovir) compared with those who received acyclovir (RR = 0.86, 95%, CI: 0.75 to 0.98, p = 0.03). The review of studies indicated that the efficacy of prodrugs was better than acyclovir for reliving PHN.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2227-9032
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10071181
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2721009-1
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Concurrent Osteosarcoma Theranostic Strategy Using Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound and Drug-Loaded Bubbles
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Pharmaceutics Vol. 11, No. 5 ( 2019-05-08), p. 223-
    Details
    In: Pharmaceutics, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 5 ( 2019-05-08), p. 223-
    Abstract: Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common bone tumor in children and teenagers. The multidrug resistant property of OS produces a major obstacle to chemotherapy, since the effective drug dose cannot be achieved via conventional drug delivery routes without serious systemic cytotoxicity. Microbubbles in conjunction with ultrasound (US) has recently been shown to spatially and temporally permeabilize the cellular membrane, promoting drug penetration into tumors. Here, we investigated whether drug (doxorubicin, DOX)-loaded bubbles (DOX-bubbles) can serve as drug-loaded carriers in combination with US in order to facilitate tumor drug delivery. The proposed bubbles have a high payload capacity (efficiency of 69.4 ± 9.1%, payload of 1.4 mg/mL) for DOX. In vitro data revealed that when used in combination with US (1-MHz), these DOX-bubbles facilitate DOX entering into tumor cells. In tumor-bearing animals, DOX-bubbles + US could provide 3.7-fold suppression of tumor growth compared with the group without insonation (1.8 ± 0.9 cm3 vs. 8.5 ± 2.2 cm3) because of the acceleration of DOX-induced tumor necrosis. In the meantime, the tumor perfusion and volume can be monitored by DOX-bubbles with contrast-enhanced ultrasound imaging. Our data provide useful information in support of translating the use of theranostic US-responsive bubbles for regulated tumor drug delivery into clinical use.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1999-4923
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11050223
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527217-2
    SSG: 15,3
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Mental Health of Healthcare Workers during COVID-19 Pandemic in Taiwan: The First Wave Outbreak Occurred 1 Year Later Than in Other Countries
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Vol. 20, No. 3 ( 2023-02-01), p. 2623-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, MDPI AG, Vol. 20, No. 3 ( 2023-02-01), p. 2623-
    Abstract: We probed the psychological influence exerted on traumatic stress endured by healthcare workers (HCWs) and the coping behaviors adopted during the first wave of COVID-19 in Taiwan, which occurred one year later than in other countries. Clinical HCWs from two branches of a hospital network in Taichung, Taiwan, were recruited for this cross-sectional study. The participants were administered a questionnaire on sociodemographic and work-related characteristics, perceived influence exerted by COVID-19, coping behaviors in relation to COVID-19, and Impact of Event Scale-Revised scores. We obtained 769 valid questionnaires. A chi-square test, generalized linear modeling, and multivariate stepwise regression analyses were performed. Although the first wave of COVID-19 occurred one year later in Taiwan than in other countries, the traumatic stress experienced by Taiwanese HCWs was noted to be comparable to that of those in other countries. Factors for increased traumatic stress included caring for more patients with COVID-19, fair or poor self-rated mental health, higher perceived influence of COVID-19, vulnerable household income, and more negative coping behaviors. Positive coping behaviors such as exposure reduction and protection measures decreased traumatic stress. Accordingly, managers should strengthen protective measures, enhance COVID-19-related training, and provide psychological support and counseling for high-risk employees.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1660-4601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20032623
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2175195-X
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  • 7
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    Online Resource
    Intravesical Instillation of Norketamine, a Ketamine Metabolite, and Induced Bladder Functional Changes in Rats
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Toxics Vol. 9, No. 7 ( 2021-06-30), p. 154-
    Details
    In: Toxics, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 7 ( 2021-06-30), p. 154-
    Abstract: This study aimed to determine the mechanism of ketamine-induced cystitis without metabolism. A total of 24 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were separated into control, ketamine, and norketamine groups. To induce cystitis, rats in the ketamine and norketamine groups were treated with intravesical instillation of ketamine and norketamine by mini-osmotic pump, which was placed in subcutaneous space, daily for 24 h for 4 weeks. After 4 weeks, all rats were subjected to bladder functional tests. The bladders were collected for histological and pathological evaluation. Compared to control, ketamine treatment demonstrated an increase in the bladder weight, high bladder/body coefficient, contractive pressure, voiding volume, collagen deposition, reduced smooth muscle content, damaged glycosaminoglycan layer, and low bladder compliance. Compared to ketamine, norketamine treatment showed more severe collagen deposition, smooth muscle loss, damaged glycosaminoglycan layer, and increased residual urine. Intravesical administration of ketamine and norketamine induced cystitis with different urodynamic characteristics. Norketamine treatment caused more severe bladder dysfunction than ketamine treatment. Direct treatment of the bladder with norketamine induced symptoms more consistent with those of bladder outlet obstruction than ketamine cystitis. Detailed studies of cellular mechanisms are required to determine the pathogenesis of ketamine cystitis.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2305-6304
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/toxics9070154
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2733883-6
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  • 8
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    Online Resource
    RAB10 Interacts with the Male Germ Cell-Specific GTPase-Activating Protein during Mammalian Spermiogenesis
    MDPI AG ; 2017
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 18, No. 1 ( 2017-01-05), p. 97-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 18, No. 1 ( 2017-01-05), p. 97-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms18010097
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 9
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    Online Resource
    Botanical Antcin K Alleviates High-Fat Damage in Palm Acid Oil-Treated Vascular Endothelial Cells and Macrophages
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Plants Vol. 11, No. 21 ( 2022-10-22), p. 2812-
    Details
    In: Plants, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 21 ( 2022-10-22), p. 2812-
    Abstract: Lipid metabolism disorder is the most critical risk factor for atherosclerosis, and the process involves lipid deposition in the arterial intima. In Taiwan, antcin K, an active triterpenoid from the fruiting bodies of Antrodia camphorata, has been considered a potential lipid-lowering agent. Despite this, the possible therapeutic mechanisms of antcin K remain unclear. To explore the crucial role of botanical antcin K in reducing atherosclerotic plaque, we used SVEC4-10 vascular endothelial cells and RAW264.7 macrophages with palm acid oil-induced high-fat damage as our cell models. Our results showed through using the DPPH assay that antcin K had excellent free radical scavenging ability. Antcin K treatment can significantly alleviate the high-fat damage and reduce the levels of inflammatory factors of TNF-α and IL-1β in vascular endothelial cells and macrophages, as shown through MTT assay and ELISA. Furthermore, antcin K treatment can effectively enhance migration ability and clear lipid deposition in macrophages, as shown by using cell migration assay and oil red O staining. When stained with immunofluorescence, antcin K was shown to significantly decrease the expression of adhesion molecules of vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) in vascular endothelial cells involved in monocyte migration and inflammation. Antcin K not only reduced the expression of the CD36 scavenger receptor but also augmented the expression of Kruppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) transcription factor in macrophages, which inhibits the transformation of macrophages into foam cells underlying the pathological process of atherosclerosis. Taking our findings into account, we suggested that botanical antcin K could have therapeutic potential for the treatment of atherosclerosis.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2223-7747
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/plants11212812
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704341-1
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  • 10
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    Testis-Specific SEPT12 Expression Affects SUN Protein Localization and is Involved in Mammalian Spermiogenesis
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 20, No. 5 ( 2019-03-07), p. 1163-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 20, No. 5 ( 2019-03-07), p. 1163-
    Abstract: Male infertility is observed in approximately 50% of all couples with infertility. Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), a conventional artificial reproductive technique for treating male infertility, may fail because of a severe low sperm count, immotile sperm, immature sperm, and sperm with structural defects and DNA damage. Our previous studies have revealed that mutations in the septin (SEPT)-coding gene SEPT12 cause teratozoospermia and severe oligozoospermia. These spermatozoa exhibit morphological defects in the head and tail, premature chromosomal condensation, and nuclear damage. Sperm from Sept12 knockout mice also cause the developmental arrest of preimplantation embryos generated through in vitro fertilization and ICSI. Furthermore, we found that SEPT12 interacts with SPAG4, a spermatid nuclear membrane protein that is also named SUN4. Loss of the Spag4 allele in mice also disrupts the integration nuclear envelope and reveals sperm head defects. However, whether SEPT12 affects SPAG4 during mammalian spermiogenesis remains unclear. We thus conducted this study to explore this question. First, we found that SPAG4 and SEPT12 exhibited similar localizations in the postacrosomal region of elongating spermatids and at the neck of mature sperm through isolated murine male germ cells. Second, SEPT12 expression altered the nuclear membrane localization of SPAG4, as observed through confocal microscopy, in a human testicular cancer cell line. Third, SEPT12 expression also altered the localizations of nuclear membrane proteins: LAMINA/C in the cells. This effect was specifically due to the expression of SEPT12 and not that of SEPT1, SEPT6, SEPT7, or SEPT11. Based on these results, we suggest that SEPT12 is among the moderators of SPAG4/LAMIN complexes and is involved in the morphological formation of sperm during mammalian spermiogenesis.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms20051163
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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