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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Chemical Characterization, Source Identification, and Health Risk Assessment of Atmospheric Fine Particulate Matter in Winter in Hangzhou Bay
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Sustainability Vol. 14, No. 19 ( 2022-09-26), p. 12175-
    Details
    In: Sustainability, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 19 ( 2022-09-26), p. 12175-
    Abstract: PM2.5 is an important pollutant which affects air quality and human health. In this study, chemical components (water-soluble inorganic ions, organic carbons (OC), elemental carbons (EC), and elemental metals) and health effects were analyzed in wintertime in a suburban area in Hangzhou Bay. OC and SNA (sulfate, nitrate, and ammonium) contributed 76.2% to local PM2.5. NH4+ existed mainly in the form of (NH4)2SO4 and NH4NO3. Seven sources were resolved from PMF analysis, namely secondary inorganic aerosol (31.8%), vehicle exhaust (19.5%), industry mixed with coal combustion (16.3%), crustal dust (9.5%), biomass burning (9.4%), sea salt (8.7%), and the leather industry (4.8%). Potential source contribution function (PSCF) and concentration weighted trajectory (CWT) analysis were applied to study regional transport in this region. Secondary inorganic formation was enhanced from the air plume from the northwest, especially from north Jiangsu Province. The results of the health risk assessment of associated metals indicated the higher potential of Cr and Mn to cause noncarcinogenic effects in children. A significant carcinogenic risk was observed for all people of Cr emitted from the leather industry. Our results showed the chemical characterization and sources of PM2.5 in a suburban region, the health effects of which should be addressed in future policies to safeguard public health, especially in the leather industry.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2071-1050
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/su141912175
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518383-7
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Energetic Butterfly: Heat-Resistant Diaminodinitro trans-Bimane
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Molecules Vol. 24, No. 23 ( 2019-11-26), p. 4324-
    Details
    In: Molecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 24, No. 23 ( 2019-11-26), p. 4324-
    Abstract: Due to a significant and prolific activity in the field of design and synthesis of new energetic molecules, it becomes increasingly difficult to introduce new explosophore structures with attractive properties. In this work, we synthesized a trans-bimane-based energetic material—3,7-diamino-2,6-dinitro-1H,5H-pyrazolo-[1,2-a]pyrazole-1,5-dione (4), the structure of which was comprehensively analyzed by a variety of advanced spectroscopic methods and by X-ray crystallo-graphy (with density of 1.845 g·cm−3 at 173 K). Although obtained crystals of 4 contained solvent molecules in their structure, state-of-the-art density functional theory (DFT) computational techniques allowed us to predict that solvent-free crystals of this explosive would preserve a similar tightly packed planar layered molecular arrangement, with the same number of molecules of 4 per unit cell, but with a smaller unit cell volume and therefore higher energy density. Explosive 4 was found to be heat resistant, with an onset decomposition temperature of 328.8 °C, and was calculated to exhibit velocity of detonation in a range of 6.88–7.14 km·s−1 and detonation pressure in the range of 19.14–22.04 GPa, using for comparison both HASEM and the EXPLO 5 software. Our results indicate that the trans-bimane explosophore could be a viable platform for the development of new thermostable energetic materials.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1420-3049
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/molecules24234324
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008644-1
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A Microfluidic-Based Fabry-Pérot Gas Sensor
    MDPI AG ; 2016
    In:  Micromachines Vol. 7, No. 3 ( 2016-02-25), p. 36-
    Details
    In: Micromachines, MDPI AG, Vol. 7, No. 3 ( 2016-02-25), p. 36-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-666X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/mi7030036
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2620864-7
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  • 4
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    Online Resource
    Improvement of Rice Husk/HDPE Bio-Composites Interfacial Properties by Silane Coupling Agent and Compatibilizer Complementary Modification
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Polymers Vol. 11, No. 12 ( 2019-11-22), p. 1928-
    Details
    In: Polymers, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 12 ( 2019-11-22), p. 1928-
    Abstract: Composites using agricultural and forestry residues as raw materials with potentially high-performance, multifunctional and biodegradable ecological advantages, are viewed as very promising for new-generation lightweight and low-cost bio-based sustainable building materials. At present, the research on wood-plastic composite materials is relatively mature. However, it is still a challenge to effectively use other biomass and improve the interface of the high-polymer compound system. Herein, we proposed a simple and effective method to enhance the interfacial adhesion properties of rice husk fibre and High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) composites by the silane coupling agent KH-550 and compatibilizer Maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene (MAPE) with complementary modification. It was found that the coupling agent KH-550 cross-linked with the hydroxyl group on the husk fibre surface and solidified with the high polymer by –NH–, –C=O– functional group generation. Compatibilizer MAPE strengthened the two phases by covalently bonding with an ester linkage and lowered the roughness of the cross-section of the composites. Meanwhile the modification enhanced the dispersibility, and mechanical properties of the husk-high polymer compound system, the bending and flexural strength were improved by 11.5% and 28.9% with KH-550, and MAPE added, respectively. The flexural strength of the composites increased by 40.7% after complementary modification. Furthermore, the complementary modification treatment reduced the hydrophilic hydroxyl groups and increased the molecular chain to improve the water-resistance, elastic modulus and toughness of the composite. This study prepared a bio-composite, which is expected to expand the use of agricultural and forestry residues as an extension of wood-plastic composites.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4360
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/polym11121928
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527146-5
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Application of Microfluidic Chips in Separation and Analysis of Extracellular Vesicles in Liquid Biopsy for Cancer
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Micromachines Vol. 10, No. 6 ( 2019-06-11), p. 390-
    Details
    In: Micromachines, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 6 ( 2019-06-11), p. 390-
    Abstract: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are becoming a promising biomarker in liquid biopsy of cancer. Separation EV from cell culture medium or biofluids with high purity and quality remains a technique challenge. EV manipulation techniques based on microfluidics have been developed in the last decade. Microfluidic-based EV separation techniques developed so far can be classified into two categories: surface biomarker-dependent and size-dependent approaches. Microfluidic techniques allow the integration of EV separation and analysis on a single chip. Integrated EV separation and on-chip analysis have shown great potential in cancer diagnosis and monitoring treatment of responses. In this review, we discuss the development of microfluidic chips for EV separation and analysis. We also detail the clinical application of these microfluidic chips in the liquid biopsy of various cancers.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-666X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/mi10060390
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2620864-7
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  • 6
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    Online Resource
    The Association of Peripheral T Lymphocyte Subsets Disseminated Infection by Mycobacterium Tuberculosis in HIV-Negative Patients: A Retrospective Observational Study
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Medicina Vol. 58, No. 11 ( 2022-11-07), p. 1606-
    Details
    In: Medicina, MDPI AG, Vol. 58, No. 11 ( 2022-11-07), p. 1606-
    Abstract: Background and Objective: This study was performed to investigate the association of peripheral T lymphocyte subsets with disseminated infection (DI) by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) in HIV-negative patients. Methods and Materials: The study included 587 HIV-negative tuberculosis (TB) patients. Results: In TB patients with DI, the proportion of CD4+ T cells decreased, the proportion of CD8+ T cells increased, and the ratio of CD4+/CD8+ T cells decreased. According to univariate analysis, smoking, alcohol consumption, rifampicin-resistance, retreatment, and high sputum bacterial load were linked to lower likelihood of developing MTB dissemination. Multivariate analysis indicated that after adjustment for alcohol use, smoking, retreatment, smear, culture, rifampicin-resistance, and CD4+/CD8+, the proportion of CD8+ T cells (but not CD4+ T cells) was independently and positively associated with the prevalence of DI in HIV-negative pulmonary TB (PTB) patients. Conclusions: Examining T lymphocyte subsets is of great value for evaluating the immune function of HIV-negative TB patients, and an increase in the CD8+ T cell proportion may be a critical clue regarding the cause of DI in such patients.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1648-9144
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/medicina58111606
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2088820-X
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  • 7
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    Online Resource
    Recurrent Shoulder Instability after Arthroscopic Bankart Repair in an Elite Baseball Pitcher—A Case Report
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Medicina Vol. 58, No. 11 ( 2022-11-12), p. 1635-
    Details
    In: Medicina, MDPI AG, Vol. 58, No. 11 ( 2022-11-12), p. 1635-
    Abstract: A 16-year-old right-handed male pitcher had a first-time right anterior shoulder dislocation during a baseball game. X-ray and MRI revealed no apparent glenoid bone loss or Hill-Sachs lesion, but an anterior labroligamentous periosteal sleeve avulsion (ALPSA) lesion with mild posterolateral decompression of the humerus head. His instability severity index score (ISIS score) was 5 with an on-track lesion. He had an arthroscopic Bankart repair using two all-suture anchors and returned to pitching 6 months after the index surgery. However, he had an unstable sensation after 50 pitches during a game one year postoperatively. This time, he presented with a significant Hill–Sachs lesion and a recurrent APLSA lesion. His ISIS score was 6 with an on-tract lesion. During the arthroscopic examination, the previous suture was stable, while anterior capsuloligament tissues were dislodged from sutures, and a Hill–Sachs lesion was observed. This time, a revision arthroscopic Bankart repair and Remplissage procedure were done on him with four double-loaded soft tissue anchors. Pitchers often develop more external rotation in their throwing arm because of a repetitive stretch of the anterior shoulder capsule and ligaments during pitching. The decrease in external rotation after surgery may limit the pitching speed of the pitcher, making a return to play (RTP) more difficult. There is still a paucity of best evidence to revise a failed arthroscopic Bankart repair in the dominant arm of a pitcher. Arthroscopic Bankart repair and Remplissage procedure have gained increasing popularity because they can provide a stable shoulder without harvesting the coracoid. The Latarjet procedure provides a high RTP rate; however, we did not perform it in the revision surgery and decided to revise the Bankart lesion again on its own with a Remplissage procedure, even with his ISIS score being 6 before the revision surgery. A salvage Latarjet procedure is left as a bailout procedure.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1648-9144
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/medicina58111635
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2088820-X
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  • 8
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    Online Resource
    Development of a Real-Time TaqMan RT-PCR Assay for the Detection of NADC34-like Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Veterinary Sciences Vol. 10, No. 4 ( 2023-04-06), p. 279-
    Details
    In: Veterinary Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 4 ( 2023-04-06), p. 279-
    Abstract: NADC34-like porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus first appeared in 2017 in a herd of pigs in Liaoning Province, China. The virus was subsequently found in other provinces. Given the potential for this virus to cause an epidemic, rapid, sensitive, and specific detection of NADC34-like PRRSV is required. The virus’ ORF5 gene was artificially synthesized based on a Chinese reference strain, and specific primers/probes for the ORF5 gene were designed. Then, the amplified target fragment was cloned into the pMD19-T vector, and a series of diluted recombinant plasmids were used to generate a standard curve. An optimized real-time TaqMan RT-PCR method was established. The method was highly specific for NADC34-like PRRSV, without cross-reactions with other non-targeted pig viruses. The detection limit of this assay was 101 copies/μL. The method had an efficiency of 98.8%, a squared regression value (R2) of 0.999, and showed a linear range of 103–108 copies/μL of DNA per reaction. This method was shown to be analytically specific and sensitive with a low intra- and inter-assay coefficient of variation ( 〈 1.40%). A total of 321 clinical samples were tested using the established method, and four were shown to be positive (1.24%). This study confirmed the existence of NADC34-like PRRSV and HP-PRRSV co-infection in Sichuan and provided a promising alternative tool for the rapid detection of NADC34-like PRRSV.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2306-7381
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10040279
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2768971-2
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  • 9
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    Online Resource
    A Comparison of Rehospitalization Risks on Diabetic and Non-Diabetic Patients after Recovery from Acute Coronary Syndrome
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Healthcare Vol. 10, No. 6 ( 2022-05-28), p. 1003-
    Details
    In: Healthcare, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 6 ( 2022-05-28), p. 1003-
    Abstract: Background: The purpose of this study is to investigate whether the risks of rehospitalization caused by acute coronary syndrome (ACS) or stroke would have significant differences between diabetic and non-diabetic patients from ACS. Methods: This was a retrospective study of 364 inpatients with ACS from 2017 to 2019. Logistic regression models included gender, age group, and the principal diagnosis of hospitalization as controlling variables which were used to analyze the dataset. Results: About 10% of patients are hospitalized after recovery. Moreover, regardless of suffering from diabetes, the risk of rehospitalization does not appear to show a significant difference. In comparison with non-diabetic patients, the odds ratio of rehospitalization of diabetic patients was 0.94 (95% CI: 0.46-1.93, p-value = 0.8639) after controlling for the effects of gender, age group, and the principal diagnosis of hospitalization. Conclusions: Diabetic patients seem to perform well in controlling LDL-C (low-density lipoprotein cholesterol) after ACS recoveries.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2227-9032
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10061003
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2721009-1
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  • 10
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    An Experimental Study of Portland Cement and Superfine Cement Slurry Grouting in Loose Sand and Sandy Soil
    MDPI AG ; 2018
    In:  Infrastructures Vol. 3, No. 2 ( 2018-04-12), p. 9-
    Details
    In: Infrastructures, MDPI AG, Vol. 3, No. 2 ( 2018-04-12), p. 9-
    Abstract: Grouting technology is widely applied in the fields of geotechnical engineering in infrastructure. Loose sand and sandy soil are common poor soils in tunnel and foundation treatments. It is necessary to use superfine cement slurry grouting in the micro-cracks of soil. The different effectiveness of Portland cement slurry and superfine cement slurry in sandy soil by the laboratory grouting experiment method were presented in this paper. The grouting situations of superfine cement slurry injected into sand and sandy soil were explored. The investigated parameters were the dry density, wet density, moisture content, internal friction angle, and cohesion force. The results show that the consolidation effect of superfine cement is better than that of Portland cement due to the small size of superfine cement particles. The superfine cement can diffuse into the sand by infiltration, extrusion, and splitting. When the water–cement ratio of superfine cement slurry is less than 2:1 grouting into loose sand, the dry and wet density decrease with the increase in the water–cement ratio, while the moisture content and cohesive force gradually increase. When the water–cement ratio of superfine cement slurry is 1:1 grouting into loose sand and sandy soil, the dry density, wet density, and cohesive force of loose sand are larger than those of sandy soil. The results of the experiment may be relevant for engineering applications.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2412-3811
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/infrastructures3020009
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2922347-7
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