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  • MDPI AG  (404)
  • 1
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    Application of Exogenous Iron Alters the Microbial Community Structure and Reduces the Accumulation of Cadmium and Arsenic in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Nanomaterials Vol. 12, No. 8 ( 2022-04-11), p. 1311-
    Details
    In: Nanomaterials, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 8 ( 2022-04-11), p. 1311-
    Abstract: Cadmium (Cd) and arsenic (As) contamination of soil has been a public concern due to their potential accumulation risk through the food chain. This study was conducted to investigate the performance of ferrous sulfate (FeSO4) and ferric oxide (Fe2O3) nanoparticle (Nano-Fe) to stabilize the concentrations of Cd and As in paddy soil. Both Fe treatments led to low extractable Cd and the contents of specifically sorbed As contents, increased (p 〈 0.05) the Shannon index and decreased (p 〈 0.05) the Simpson diversity indices compared with the control. Nano-Fe increased the relative abundances of Firmicutes and Proteobacteria and decreased the abundances of Acidobacteria and Chloroflexi. Moreover, the addition of both forms of Fe promoted the formation of Fe plaque and decreased the translocation factor index (TFs) root/soil, TFs shoot/root, and TFs grain/shoot of Cd and As. These results suggest that exogenous Fe may modify the microbial community and decrease the soil available Cd and As contents, inhibit the absorption of Cd and As by the roots and decrease the transport of Cd and As in rice grains and the risk intake in humans. These findings demonstrate that soil amendment with exogenous Fe, particularly Nano-Fe, is a potential approach to simultaneously remediate the accumulation of Cd and As from the soil to rice grain systems.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2079-4991
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/nano12081311
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662255-5
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  • 2
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    Affinity-Based Analysis Methods for the Detection of Aminoglycoside Antibiotic Residues in Animal-Derived Foods: A Review
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Foods Vol. 12, No. 8 ( 2023-04-08), p. 1587-
    Details
    In: Foods, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 8 ( 2023-04-08), p. 1587-
    Abstract: With the increasingly serious problem of aminoglycoside antibiotic residues, it is imperative to develop rapid, sensitive and efficient detection methods. This article reviews the detection methods of aminoglycoside antibiotics in animal-derived foods, including enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, fluorescent immunoassay, chemical immunoassay, affinity sensing assay, lateral flow immunochromatography and molecular imprinted immunoassay. After evaluating the performance of these methods, the advantages and disadvantages were analyzed and compared. Furthermore, development prospects and research trends were proposed and summarized. This review can serve as a basis for further research and provide helpful references and new insights for the analysis of aminoglycoside residues. Accordingly, the in-depth investigation and analysis will certainly make great contributions to food safety, public hygiene and human health.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2304-8158
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/foods12081587
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704223-6
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  • 3
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    Effect of Foliar Spraying of Gibberellins and Brassinolide on Cadmium Accumulation in Rice
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Toxics Vol. 11, No. 4 ( 2023-04-11), p. 364-
    Details
    In: Toxics, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 4 ( 2023-04-11), p. 364-
    Abstract: Cadmium (Cd) is one of the heavy metals that contaminate rice cultivation, and reducing Cd contamination in rice through agronomic measures is a hot research topic. In this study, foliar sprays of gibberellins (GA) and brassinolide (BR) were applied to rice under Cd stress in hydroponic and pot experiments. After foliar spraying of GR and BR, the biomass of rice plants grown in either hydroponics or soil culture was significantly higher or even exceeded that in the absence of Cd stress. In addition, photosynthetic parameters (maximum fluorescence values), root length and root surface area, and CAT, SOD and POD activities were significantly improved. The MDA content decreased in the shoots, suggesting that the application of GR and BA may have enhanced photosynthesis and antioxidant function to alleviate Cd stress. Furthermore, the BR and GA treatments decreased the Cd content of rice roots, shoots and grains as well as the Cd transfer coefficient. Cd chemical morphology analysis of rice roots and shoots showed that the proportion of soluble Cd (Ethanol-Cd and Water-Cd) decreased, whereas the proportion of NaCl-Cd increased. Analysis of the subcellular distribution of Cd in rice roots and above ground showed that the proportion of Cd in the cell wall increased after foliar spraying of GA and BR. The results indicate that after foliar application of GA and BR, more of the Cd in rice was transformed into immobile forms and was fixed in the cell wall, thus reducing the amount in the seeds. In summary, foliar sprays of GA and BR can reduce the toxic effects of Cd on rice plants and reduce the Cd content in rice grains, with GA being more effective.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2305-6304
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/toxics11040364
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2733883-6
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  • 4
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    Experimental Cross-Species Transmission of Rat Hepatitis E Virus to Rhesus and Cynomolgus Monkeys
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Viruses Vol. 14, No. 2 ( 2022-01-29), p. 293-
    Details
    In: Viruses, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 2 ( 2022-01-29), p. 293-
    Abstract: Rat hepatitis E virus (rat HEV) was first identified in wild rats and was classified as the species Orthohepevirus C in the genera Orthohepevirus, which is genetically different from the genotypes HEV-1 to HEV-8, which are classified as the species Orthohepevirus A. Although recent reports suggest that rat HEV transmits to humans and causes hepatitis, the infectivity of rat HEV to non-human primates such as cynomolgus and rhesus monkeys remains controversial. To investigate whether rat HEV infects non-human primates, we inoculated one cynomolgus monkey and five rhesus monkeys with a V-105 strain of rat HEV via an intravenous injection. Although no significant elevation of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) was observed, rat HEV RNA was detected in fecal specimens, and seroconversion was observed in all six monkeys. The partial nucleotide sequences of the rat HEV recovered from the rat HEV-infected monkeys were identical to those of the V-105 strain, indicating that the infection was caused by the rat HEV. The rat HEV recovered from the cynomolgus and rhesus monkeys successfully infected both nude and Sprague-Dawley rats. The entire rat HEV genome recovered from nude rats was identical to that of the V-105 strain, suggesting that the rat HEV replicates in monkeys and infectious viruses were released into the fecal specimens. These results demonstrated that cynomolgus and rhesus monkeys are susceptible to rat HEV, and they indicate the possibility of a zoonotic infection of rat HEV. Cynomolgus and rhesus monkeys might be useful as animal models for vaccine development.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1999-4915
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/v14020293
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2516098-9
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  • 5
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    Mapping Grassland Classes Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicle and MODIS NDVI Data for Temperate Grassland in Inner Mongolia, China
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Remote Sensing Vol. 14, No. 9 ( 2022-04-27), p. 2094-
    Details
    In: Remote Sensing, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 9 ( 2022-04-27), p. 2094-
    Abstract: Grassland classification is crucial for grassland management. One commonly used method utilizes remote sensing vegetation indices (VIs) to map grassland classes at various scales. However, most grassland classifications were conducted as case studies in a small area due to lack of field data sources. At a small scale, classification is reliable; however, great uncertainty emerges when extended to other areas. In this study, large amounts of field observations (more than 30,000 aerial photos) were obtained using unmanned aerial vehicle photography in Inner Mongolia, China, during the peak period of grassland growth in 2018 and 2019. Then, four machine learning classification algorithms were constructed based on characteristic indices of MODIS NDVI in the growing season to map grassland classes of Inner Mongolia. Finally, the spatial distribution and temporal variation of temperate grassland classes were analyzed. Results showed that: (1) Among all characteristic indices, the maximum, average, and sum of MODIS NDVI from July to September during 2015 to 2019 greatly affected grassland classification. (2) The random forest method exhibited the best performance with overall accuracy and kappa coefficient being 72.17% and 0.62, respectively. (3) Compared with the grassland class mapped in the 1980s, 30.98% of grassland classes have been transformed. Our study provides a technological basis for effective and accurate classification of the temperate steppe class and a theoretical foundation for sustainable development and restoration of the temperate steppe ecosystem.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-4292
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/rs14092094
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2513863-7
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  • 6
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    First Report on Megaselia scalaris Loew (Diptera: Phoridae) Infestation of the Invasive Pest Spodoptera frugiperda Smith (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in China
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Insects Vol. 12, No. 1 ( 2021-01-13), p. 65-
    Details
    In: Insects, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 1 ( 2021-01-13), p. 65-
    Abstract: The invasive pest Spodoptera frugiperda first emerged in China in January 2019 and has, to date, migrated to 29 provinces and municipalities in China, causing heavy crop damage in large areas. As a response to this invasive species from the environment, some indigenous natural enemies have been discovered and reported after S. frugiperda invasion. In this paper, parasitic flies were collected and identified from S. frugiperda collected in the Yunnan, Guangxi, and Henan provinces and the Chongqing municipality in China. By using both conventional and molecular approaches, we were able to show that all the parasitic flies of S. frugiperda identified in the four regions were Megaselia. scalaris, and that they attacked the pest larvae and pupae. This is the first report on an indigenous Chinese Megaselia species that has parasitic ability against the invasive pest S. frugiperda, potentially providing new ideas for pest control in China.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2075-4450
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/insects12010065
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662247-6
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  • 7
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    QTL Mapping and Prediction of Haploid Male Fertility Traits in Maize (Zea mays L.)
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Plants Vol. 9, No. 7 ( 2020-07-03), p. 836-
    Details
    In: Plants, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 7 ( 2020-07-03), p. 836-
    Abstract: Chromosome doubling of maize haploids is a bottleneck in the large-scale application of doubled haploid (DH) technology. Spontaneous chromosome doubling (SCD) of haploid has been taken as an important method in the production of DH lines and low haploid male fertility (HMF) is a main limiting factor for the use of SCD. To study its genetic basis, haploids of 119 DH lines derived from a cross between inbred lines Qi319 and Chang7-2 were used to map the quantitative trait locus (QTL) contributing to HMF. Three traits including anther emergence rate (AER), anther emergence score (AES) and pollen production score (PPS) of the haploid population were evaluated at two locations. The heritability of the three traits ranged from 0.70 to 0.81. The QTL contributing to AER, AES and PPS were identified on the chromosomes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 9 and 10. Five major QTL, qAER5-1, qAER5-2, qAES3, qPPS1 and qPPS5, were found and each could explain more than 15% of the phenotypic variance at least in one environment. Two major QTL, qPPS1 and qPPS5, and two minor QTL, qAES2 and qAER3, were repeatedly detected at both locations. To increase the application efficiency of HMF in breeding programs, genomic prediction for the three traits were carried out with ridge regression best linear unbiased prediction (rrBLUP) and rrBLUP adding QTL effects (rrBLUP-QTL). The prediction accuracies of rrBLUP-QTL were significantly higher than that by rrBLUP for three traits (p 〈 0.001), which indirectly indicates these QTL were effective. The prediction accuracies for PPS were 0.604 (rrBLUP) and 0.703 (rrBLUP-QTL) across both locations, which were higher than that of AER and AES. Overall, this study provides important information to understand the genetic architecture of SCD of maize haploids.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2223-7747
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/plants9070836
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704341-1
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  • 8
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    Ratiometric Fluorescence Detection of Colorectal Cancer-Associated Exosomal miR-92a-3p with DSN-Assisted Signal Amplification by a MWCNTs@Au NCs Nanoplatform
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Biosensors Vol. 12, No. 7 ( 2022-07-17), p. 533-
    Details
    In: Biosensors, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 7 ( 2022-07-17), p. 533-
    Abstract: The detection of miRNA shows great promise in disease diagnosis. In this work, a ratiometric fluorescent biosensor based on multi-walled carbon nanotubes@gold nanoclusters (MWCNTs@Au NCs) and duplex-specific nuclease (DSN)-assisted signal amplification was fabricated for miRNA detection. Colorectal cancer (CRC)-associated miR-92a-3p extracted from exosomes was selected as the target. MWCNTs@Au NCs performs the dual functions of fluorescence quencher and internal fluorescence reference. In the absence of miR-92a-3p, an Atto-425-modified single-stranded DNA probe is adsorbed on MWCNTs@Au NCs, resulting in the quenching of Atto-425. In the presence of miR-92a-3p, the duplex is formed by hybridization of the probe and miR-92a-3p and leaves the MWCNTs@Au NCs, resulting in the fluorescence recovery of Atto-425. DSN can cleave the probe and result in the release of miR-92a-3p. The released miR-92a-3p can hybridize with other probes to form a signal amplification cycle. The fluorescence of MWCNTs@Au NCs remains stable and constitutes a ratiometric fluorescence system with that of Atto-425. A detection concentration interval of 0.1–10 pM and a limit of detection of 31 fM was obtained under optimized measurement conditions. In addition, the accuracy of the biosensor was validated by detecting the concentration of miR-92a-3p extracted from clinical exosome samples.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2079-6374
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/bios12070533
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662125-3
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  • 9
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    Dosage Compensation of the X Chromosome during Sheep Testis Development Revealed by Single-Cell RNA Sequencing
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Animals Vol. 12, No. 17 ( 2022-08-24), p. 2169-
    Details
    In: Animals, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 17 ( 2022-08-24), p. 2169-
    Abstract: Dosage compensation is a mechanism first proposed by Susumu Ohno, whereby X inactivation balances X gene output between males (XY) and females (XX), while X upregulation balances X genes with autosomal gene output. These mechanisms have been actively studied in Drosophila and mice, but research regarding them lags behind in domestic species. It is unclear how the X chromosome is regulated in the sheep male germline. To address this, using single-cell RNA sequencing, we analyzed testes in three important developmental stages of sheep. We observed that the total RNA per cell from X and autosomes peaked in SSCs and spermatogonia and was then reduced in early spermatocytes. Furthermore, we counted the detected reads per gene in each cell type for X and autosomes. In cells experiencing dose compensation, close proximity to MSL (male-specific lethal), which is regulated the active X chromosome and was observed. Our results suggest that there is no dose compensation in the pre-meiotic germ cells of sheep testes and, in addition, MSL1 and MSL2 are expressed in early germ cells and involved in regulating mammalian X-chromosome inactivation and activation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-2615
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ani12172169
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2606558-7
    SSG: 23
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  • 10
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    ACADL Promotes the Differentiation of Goat Intramuscular Adipocytes
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Animals Vol. 13, No. 2 ( 2023-01-13), p. 281-
    Details
    In: Animals, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 2 ( 2023-01-13), p. 281-
    Abstract: Intramuscular fat (IMF) deposits help improve meat quality such as marbling, juicy, flavor and tenderness. Long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (ACADL) is a key enzyme for catalyzing fatty acid oxidation, and studies have shown ACADL is involved in the deposition and differentiation of intramuscular adipocytes. However, the effect of ACADL on intramuscular adipocytes differentiation in goats needs further study. In this study, to explore the mechanism of ACADL on the development of goat intramuscular adipocytes, we constructed an over-expression plasmids and a SI-RNA of ACADL to explore the function of ACADL on the development of goat IMF. It was found that overexpression of ACADL promoted the differentiation of goat intramuscular adipocytes, and promoted the expression of fat cell differentiation marker genes lipoprotein lipase (LPL), peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), APETALA-2-like transcription factor gene (AP2), CCAT enhancer binding protein (CEBPα), preadipocyte Factor 1 (Pref-1) and CCAT enhancer binding protein (CEBPβ), and the opposite trend occurred after interference. In addition, we screened of this related tumor necrosis factor (TNF) signaling pathway by RNA-Seq. So, we validate the signaling pathway with inhibitor of TNF signaling pathway. In summary, these results indicate that ACADL promotes intramuscular adipocytes differentiation through activation TNF signaling pathway. This study provides an important basis for the mechanism of IMF development.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-2615
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ani13020281
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2606558-7
    SSG: 23
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