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  • MDPI AG  (16)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Profiling of Plant Growth-Promoting Metabolites by Phosphate-Solubilizing Bacteria in Maize Rhizosphere
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Plants Vol. 10, No. 6 ( 2021-05-27), p. 1071-
    Details
    In: Plants, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 6 ( 2021-05-27), p. 1071-
    Abstract: Microbial treatment has recently been attracting attention as a sustainable agricultural strategy addressing the current problems caused by unreasonable agricultural practices. However, the mechanism through which microbial inoculants promote plant growth is not well understood. In this study, two phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB) were screened, and their growth-promoting abilities were explored. At day 7 (D7), the lengths of the root and sprout with three microbial treatments, M16, M44, and the combination of M16 and M44 (Com), were significantly greater than those with the non-microbial control, with mean values of 9.08 and 4.73, 7.15 and 4.83, and 13.98 and 5.68 cm, respectively. At day 14 (D14), M16, M44, and Com significantly increased not only the length of the root and sprout but also the underground and aboveground biomass. Differential metabolites were identified, and various amino acids, amino acid derivatives, and other plant growth-regulating molecules were significantly enhanced by the three microbial treatments. The profiling of key metabolites associated with plant growth in different microbial treatments showed consistent results with their performances in the germination experiment, which revealed the metabolic mechanism of plant growth-promoting processes mediated by screened PSB. This study provides a theoretical basis for the application of PSB in sustainable agriculture.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2223-7747
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/plants10061071
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704341-1
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Automobile Fine-Grained Detection Algorithm Based on Multi-Improved YOLOv3 in Smart Streetlights
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Algorithms Vol. 13, No. 5 ( 2020-05-02), p. 114-
    Details
    In: Algorithms, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 5 ( 2020-05-02), p. 114-
    Abstract: Upgrading ordinary streetlights to smart streetlights to help monitor traffic flow is a low-cost and pragmatic option for cities. Fine-grained classification of vehicles in the sight of smart streetlights is essential for intelligent transportation and smart cities. In order to improve the classification accuracy of distant cars, we propose a reformed YOLOv3 (You Only Look Once, version 3) algorithm to realize the detection of various types of automobiles, such as SUVs, sedans, taxis, commercial vehicles, small commercial vehicles, vans, buses, trucks and pickup trucks. Based on the dataset UA-DETRAC-LITE, manually labeled data is added to improve the data balance. First, data optimization for the vehicle target is performed to improve the generalization ability and position regression loss function of the model. The experimental results show that, within the range of 67 m, and through scale optimization (i.e., by introducing multi-scale training and anchor clustering), the classification accuracies of trucks and pickup trucks are raised by 26.98% and 16.54%, respectively, and the overall accuracy is increased by 8%. Secondly, label smoothing and mixup optimization is also performed to improve the generalization ability of the model. Compared with the original YOLO algorithm, the accuracy of the proposed algorithm is improved by 16.01%. By combining the optimization of the position regression loss function of GIOU (Generalized Intersection Over Union), the overall system accuracy can reach 92.7%, which improves the performance by 21.28% compared with the original YOLOv3 algorithm.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1999-4893
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/a13050114
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2455149-1
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A Variance Maximization Based Weight Optimization Method for Railway Transportation Safety Performance Measurement
    MDPI AG ; 2018
    In:  Sustainability Vol. 10, No. 8 ( 2018-08-16), p. 2903-
    Details
    In: Sustainability, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 8 ( 2018-08-16), p. 2903-
    Abstract: Based on the idea of maximizing variances, a weight optimization method is proposed in this research to improve railway transportation safety evaluation. Firstly, the main evaluation indicators that can reflect the safety of railway transportation are selected as the independent variables. Secondly, in order to avoid the influence of experts’ empowerment on the evaluation results of railway transport safety, fuzzy set theory is introduced to generate the variation range of the weights of each evaluation index, which is used as the constraint of weight optimization model. Then, the weight optimization model for railway transportation safety performance measurement is established based on the principle of maximum variance. The structure of the optimization model shows the characteristics of the quadratic programming model. Therefore, the optimal weight is calculated by using the branch bounded algorithm, which is one of the quadratic programming model solution algorithms. Finally, the empirical analysis of the safety performance measurement for 18 railway bureaus shows that using the optimized index weight for safety performance measurement can not only make full use of prior information but also ensure that 18 railway bureaus can be distinguished to the maximum extent.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2071-1050
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/su10082903
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518383-7
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Well-Dispersed Co/CoO/C Nanospheres with Tunable Morphology as High-Performance Anodes for Lithium Ion Batteries
    MDPI AG ; 2016
    In:  Materials Vol. 9, No. 12 ( 2016-11-24), p. 955-
    Details
    In: Materials, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 12 ( 2016-11-24), p. 955-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1996-1944
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ma9120955
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2487261-1
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Transcriptomic and Functional Analyses Reveal the Different Roles of Vitamins C, E, and K in Regulating Viral Infections in Maize
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 24, No. 9 ( 2023-04-28), p. 8012-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 24, No. 9 ( 2023-04-28), p. 8012-
    Abstract: Maize lethal necrosis (MLN), one of the most important maize viral diseases, is caused by maize chlorotic mottle virus (MCMV) infection in combination with a potyvirid, such as sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV). However, the resistance mechanism of maize to MLN remains largely unknown. In this study, we obtained isoform expression profiles of maize after SCMV and MCMV single and synergistic infection (S + M) via comparative analysis of SMRT- and Illumina-based RNA sequencing. A total of 15,508, 7567, and 2378 differentially expressed isoforms (DEIs) were identified in S + M, MCMV, and SCMV libraries, which were primarily involved in photosynthesis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging, and some pathways related to disease resistance. The results of virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) assays revealed that silencing of a vitamin C biosynthesis-related gene, ZmGalDH or ZmAPX1, promoted viral infections, while silencing ZmTAT or ZmNQO1, the gene involved in vitamin E or K biosynthesis, inhibited MCMV and S + M infections, likely by regulating the expressions of pathogenesis-related (PR) genes. Moreover, the relationship between viral infections and expression of the above four genes in ten maize inbred lines was determined. We further demonstrated that the exogenous application of vitamin C could effectively suppress viral infections, while vitamins E and K promoted MCMV infection. These findings provide novel insights into the gene regulatory networks of maize in response to MLN, and the roles of vitamins C, E, and K in conditioning viral infections in maize.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098012
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Tungsten Inert Gas Weld Joints of Sprayed and Cast Aluminium–Lithium Alloy
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Materials Vol. 13, No. 17 ( 2020-08-27), p. 3787-
    Details
    In: Materials, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 17 ( 2020-08-27), p. 3787-
    Abstract: The weld joints of sprayed 2195-T6 and cast 2195-T8 aluminium–lithium alloy were created using tungsten inert gas with filler wire. The microstructures and mechanical properties of the weld joints were examined. The results of the microstructure analysis showed that the width of the equiaxed grain zone (EQZ) and the amount of the second phase θ’(Al2Cu) was greater in the weld joint of the cast 2195-T8 Al–Li alloy than that of the sprayed 2195-T6 Al–Li alloy. Tensile testing indicated that failures occurred in the EQZ and partially melted zone (PMZ) for both weld joints. The tensile strength and elongation of the weld joints of the sprayed 2195-T6 and cast 2195-T8 Al–Li alloys were about 68.2%, 89.7%, and 50.7% and 28.3% those of the base metal in the joint, respectively. The cast 2195-T8 Al–Li alloy joint had more pores and cracks, resulting in lower tensile strength and elongation than those in the sprayed alloy. Further, the tensile fracture surface morphology indicated that the fracture mode of the sprayed 2195-T6 Al–Li alloy was a mixed fracture mode dominated by plastic fracture and that of the cast 2195-T8 Al–Li alloy joints was a mixed fracture mode dominated by brittle fracture.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1996-1944
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ma13173787
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2487261-1
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A Study on the Ultimate Strength and Failure Mode of Stiffened Panels
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Journal of Marine Science and Engineering Vol. 11, No. 6 ( 2023-06-12), p. 1214-
    Details
    In: Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 6 ( 2023-06-12), p. 1214-
    Abstract: Different buckling failure modes of stiffened panels will result in differences in ultimate strengths. In this study, the benchmark model of the bottom of bulk carrier with appropriate initial imperfections, boundary conditions and mesh size are selected for a series of non-linear FE analyses. A failure mode discrimination method considering the change rule of ultimate strength and the stress and strain distribution of stiffened plates in ultimate limit state is proposed, and then the boundary function of the failure modes composed of four key parameters, λ, β, hw/tw, λe, is established. Based on this boundary function, the rapid identification of failure modes and the classification of ultimate strength under different failure modes can be realized. Furthermore, the ultimate strength formulas of stiffened panels for different failure modes are obtained by data analysis from many nonlinear finite element analyses.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2077-1312
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jmse11061214
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2738390-8
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A Quantization-Based Multibit Data Fusion Scheme for Cooperative Spectrum Sensing in Cognitive Radio Networks
    MDPI AG ; 2018
    In:  Sensors Vol. 18, No. 2 ( 2018-02-06), p. 473-
    Details
    In: Sensors, MDPI AG, Vol. 18, No. 2 ( 2018-02-06), p. 473-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1424-8220
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/s18020473
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2052857-7
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  • 9
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    Spatiotemporal Distribution of Tuberculosis during Urbanization in the New Urban Area of Nanchang City, China, 2010–2018
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Vol. 16, No. 22 ( 2019-11-11), p. 4395-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, MDPI AG, Vol. 16, No. 22 ( 2019-11-11), p. 4395-
    Abstract: Background: Urbanization will play a key role in ending the tuberculosis (TB) epidemic by 2030, but understanding the relationship between urbanization and the health threats posed by TB is incomplete. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the spatiotemporal distribution of TB at the township level during urbanization in the new urban area of Nanchang. Methods: Seasonal-trend decomposition of time series analysis was used to explore the seasonal distribution and trend analysis. Global and local spatial autocorrelation statistics, and space–time scan statistics were performed to detect the spatiotemporal clusters of TB cases in the new urban area of Nanchang from 2010 to 2018. Results: A total of 3245 TB cases were reported in the study area from 2010 to 2018. Of all the TB cases, 68% occurred in individuals older than 40 years old, 73.2% were male cases, and 56.6% were farmers. The primary seasonal peak was in late spring (April), and a smaller peak was in early autumn (September). The results of local indicators of spatial association showed that Jiaoqiao town and Changleng town might be “High–High” clusters. The most likely spatiotemporal cluster was located in the southwest of the study area in 2010, which included five towns, and then shifted to the northeast gradually. Across 2010 to 2018, nine spatiotemporal clusters were identified. The most likely cluster was located at the northeast of the study area. The center of this area was in Nanji town with a circle radius of 43.74 kilometers. Conclusions: The spatial clusters of TB incidence shifted to the rural region and the fringe of the new urban area of Nanchang. Targeted management strategies for urban migrants in the process of urbanization should be strengthened.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1660-4601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16224395
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2175195-X
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  • 10
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    Online Resource
    Noncontact Detection of Respiration Rate Based on Forward Scatter Radar
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Sensors Vol. 19, No. 21 ( 2019-11-03), p. 4778-
    Details
    In: Sensors, MDPI AG, Vol. 19, No. 21 ( 2019-11-03), p. 4778-
    Abstract: Bioradar-based noncontact breathing detection technology has been widely studied due to its superior detection performance. In this paper, a breath detection mechanism based on the change in radar cross section (RCS) is proposed by using a forward scatter radar and the deduction of the mathematical model of the received signal. Furthermore, we completed human breathing detection experiments in an anechoic chamber and in an ordinary chamber; we obtained the breathing rate through envelope detection in cases where the human orientation angle was 0, 30, 60, and 90°. The analysis of the measured data shows that the theoretical model fits well with the measured results. Compared with the existing single-base radar detection schemes, the proposed scheme can detect human respiratory rates in different orientations.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1424-8220
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/s19214778
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2052857-7
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