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  • MDPI AG  (66)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Effects of Low-Ambient-Temperature Stimulation on Modifying the Intestinal Structure and Function of Different Pig Breeds
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Animals Vol. 12, No. 20 ( 2022-10-12), p. 2740-
    Details
    In: Animals, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 20 ( 2022-10-12), p. 2740-
    Abstract: Ambient temperature (Ta) fluctuation is a key factor affecting the growth performance and economic returns of pigs. However, whether the response of intestinal structure and function are related to pig breeds in low Ta has not been investigated yet. In this study, Large White (LW) pigs, Jinfen White (JFW) pigs and Mashen (MS) pigs were raised in artificial climate chambers under normal Ta (25 °C) and low Ta (4 °C) for 96 h. Afterwards, the decrease in body temperature and complete blood counts (CBC) of all pigs were measured. Hematoxylin–eosin, immunohistochemical staining, qPCR and ELISA were used to investigate their intestinal mucosa integrity and inflammatory response. The results showed that MS pigs could maintain a normal body temperature and villus structure after 4 °C stimulation compared with those of LW and JFW pigs. Villus height and villus height/crypt depth of MS pigs were significantly higher than those of LW and JFW pigs at 4 °C. Low-Ta stimulation increased the digestion of carbohydrates of all pigs. Meanwhile, low Ta enhanced the activity of lipase in LW pigs and increased trypsin activity in MS and JFW pigs. Furthermore, low-Ta stimulation significantly downregulated the protein of tight junction and upregulated the mRNA expression of inflammatory cytokines in MS pigs. MS pigs also showed stronger spleen immune function at 4 °C. These results indicated that the local MS pig breed had stronger intestinal function in low Ta by producing a stronger inflammatory response, which lays the foundation for further study on the mechanism of cold tolerance in pigs.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-2615
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ani12202740
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2606558-7
    SSG: 23
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  • 2
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    Effects of Vacancy Defects and the Adsorption of Toxic Gas Molecules on Electronic, Magnetic, and Adsorptive Properties of g−ZnO: A First-Principles Study
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Chemosensors Vol. 11, No. 1 ( 2023-01-02), p. 38-
    Details
    In: Chemosensors, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 1 ( 2023-01-02), p. 38-
    Abstract: Using first principles based on density functional theory (DFT), the CO, NH3, NO, and NO2 gas adsorbed on intrinsic Graphite-like ZnO (g−ZnO) and vacancy-deficient g−ZnO were systematically studied. For intrinsic g−ZnO, the adsorption energy of NH3, NO, and NO2 adsorption defective g−ZnO systems increased significantly due to the introduction of Zn vacancy (VZn). Especially, for NH3, NO, and NO2 adsorbed Zn-vacancy g−ZnO (VZn/g−ZnO) systems increased to 1.366 eV, 2.540 eV and 2.532 eV, respectively. In addition, with the introduction of vacancies, the adsorption height of the gases adsorbed on VZn/g−ZnO system is significantly reduced, especially the adsorption height of the NH3 adsorbed on VZn/g−ZnO system is reduced to 0.686 Å. It is worth mentioning that the introduction of O-vacancy (VO) significantly enhances the charge transfer between NO or NO2 and VO/g−ZnO. This suggest that the defective g−ZnO is more suitable for detecting NH3, NO and NO2 gas. It is interesting to note that the adsorption of NO and NO2 gases gives rise to magnetic moments of 1 μB and 0.858 μB for g−ZnO, and 1 μB and 1 μB for VO/g−ZnO. In addition, VZn induced 1.996 μB magnetic moments for intrinsic g−ZnO, and the CO, NH3, NO and NO2 change the magnetic of VZn/g−ZnO. The adsorption of NO2 causes the intrinsic g−ZnO to exhibit metallic properties, while the adsorption of NH3 gas molecules causes VZn/g−ZnO also to show metallic properties. The adsorption of NO and NO2 causes VZn/g−ZnO to display semi-metallic properties. These results facilitate the enrichment of defect detection means and the design of gas detection devices.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2227-9040
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors11010038
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704218-2
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  • 3
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    The Effectiveness of an Educational Intervention on Knowledge, Attitudes and Reported Practices on Antibiotic Use in Humans and Pigs: A Quasi-Experimental Study in Twelve Villages in Shandong Province, China
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Vol. 18, No. 4 ( 2021-02-17), p. 1940-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, MDPI AG, Vol. 18, No. 4 ( 2021-02-17), p. 1940-
    Abstract: Our aim was to evaluate the effectiveness of an intervention for residents in rural China on knowledge, attitudes and reported practices (KAP) on antibiotic use in humans and pigs. A quasi-experimental study was conducted in 12 villages in rural Shandong province, divided into intervention and control groups, covering a two-year period from July 2015 to June 2017. A package of health education-based interventions including training sessions, speakerphone messages, posters and handbooks for residents was developed and implemented over a one-year period to improve the use of antibiotics in humans and pigs. The intervention net effects were evaluated by Difference-in-Difference (DID) analysis based on responses to a questionnaire concerning KAP towards antibiotic use in humans and pigs. A total of 629 participants completed both baseline and post-trial questionnaires, including 127 participants with backyard pig farms. Significant improvements were found in KAP towards antibiotic use in humans, but changes related to antibiotic use for pigs were not significant. Participants who were in the intervention group (p 〈 0.001) were more likely to have improved their knowledge on antibiotic use in humans. Participants who had higher attitude scores were less likely to report self-medicating with stored antibiotics in the previous year (p 〈 0.001). Our results suggest that our health education-based intervention was effective in improving KAP on human antibiotic use, but it had little effect regarding antibiotic use for pigs.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1660-4601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18041940
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2175195-X
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  • 4
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    Influences of Process Parameters of Near-Field Direct-Writing Melt Electrospinning on Performances of Polycaprolactone/Nano-Hydroxyapatite Scaffolds
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Polymers Vol. 14, No. 16 ( 2022-08-19), p. 3404-
    Details
    In: Polymers, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 16 ( 2022-08-19), p. 3404-
    Abstract: In this paper, near-field direct-writing melt electrospinning technology was employed to fabricate a polycaprolactone/nano-hydroxyapatite (PCL/nHA) scaffold for future applications in tissue engineering. The influences of different fabrication parameters on the structural characteristics, mechanical properties, and thermal stability of the scaffolds were discussed. It was found that the moving speed of the receiving plate had the most significant effect on the scaffold performance, followed by the receiving distance and spinning voltage. The results also showed that these process parameters affected the fiber diameter, corresponding coefficient of variation, porosity of the composite scaffolds, and mechanical properties of the samples, including the tensile strength and fiber peeling strength. Moreover, the process parameters could influence the thermal degradation performance and melting process. Although the mass loss of the composite scaffolds was not obvious after degradation, the mechanical performance degraded severely. It was concluded that the more appropriate process parameters for preparing PCL/nHA scaffolds were a spinning voltage of −4 kV, receiving distance of 4 mm, moving speed of receiving plate of 5 mm/s, and melt temperature of 130 °C. This study proved that near-field direct-writing melt electrospinning technology is a good method to obtain PCL/nHA composite scaffolds with an excellent mechanical properties and desired morphology for future tissue engineering applications.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4360
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/polym14163404
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527146-5
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  • 5
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    Enhanced In Vitro Biocompatible Polycaprolactone/Nano-Hydroxyapatite Scaffolds with Near-Field Direct-Writing Melt Electrospinning Technology
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Journal of Functional Biomaterials Vol. 13, No. 4 ( 2022-09-23), p. 161-
    Details
    In: Journal of Functional Biomaterials, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 4 ( 2022-09-23), p. 161-
    Abstract: Polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffold is a common biological material for tissue engineering, owing to its good biocompatibility, biodegradability and plasticity. However, it is not suitable for osteoblast adhesion and regeneration of bone tissue due to its non-biological activity, poor mechanical strength, slow degradation speed, smooth surface and strong hydrophobicity. To improve the mechanical properties and biocompatibility of PCL scaffold, the PCL/nHA scaffolds were prepared by melting and blending different proportions of nano-hydroxyapatite (nHA) with PCL by the near-field direct-writing melt electrospinning technology in this study. The morphology, porosity, mechanical properties and in vitro biocompatibility of the PCL/nHA scaffolds were studied. The results showed that when the proportion of nHA was less than or equal to 25%, PCL/nHA composite scaffolds were easily formed in which bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells proliferated successfully. When the proportion of nHA was 15%, the PCL/nHA composite scaffolds had excellent structural regularity, good fiber uniformity, outstanding mechanical stability and superior biocompatibility. The PCL/nHA composite scaffolds were ideal scaffold materials, which would broaden their applications for bone tissue engineering.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2079-4983
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jfb13040161
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2648525-4
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  • 6
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    High-Precision Surface Scattering Measurement System and Uncertainty Analysis Applied in Laser Protective Materials Diagnostics
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Applied Sciences Vol. 11, No. 20 ( 2021-10-12), p. 9457-
    Details
    In: Applied Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 20 ( 2021-10-12), p. 9457-
    Abstract: The current measurement system of surface scattering rate applied in laser protective materials has the defects of low accuracy, discontinuous diagnosis region and narrow infrared measuring waveband. In order to make up for these shortcomings, a high-precision material-surface-scattering-rate measurement system based on a three-hole integrating sphere is proposed, which can realize the high-precision quantitative measurement on any region of coating surface from near-infrared to far-infrared band. Firstly, a new quantitative relationship between the luminous flux received by detector and the surface scattering rate of coating is obtained by modifying the existing integrating sphere scattering model. Secondly, a high-precision scattering characteristic measurement system based on a three-hole integrating sphere is designed and achieved. The influence of the main design parameters of the integrating sphere on the expected measuring accuracy of the system is investigated by using a TracePro simulation. Accordingly, the optimal design parameters of the system are given. Then, the main sources of the relative measurement uncertainty for the scattering rate are investigated experimentally, and four main relative uncertainty factors are evaluated quantitatively. Finally, according to the error propagation theory, the total experimental relative measurement uncertainty of the system is obtained, which is ±2.22% and 26–56% higher than the current measuring accuracy. The new coating-scattering-rate measurement system proposed in this paper can provide an effective experimental detection means for high-precision quantitative measurement and a performance evaluation for laser-protective-coating surface-scattering rate.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-3417
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/app11209457
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704225-X
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  • 7
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    Dynamic Response of Soil Enzymes and Microbial Diversity to Continuous Application of Atrazine in Black Soil of a Cornfield without Rotation in Northeast China
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Diversity Vol. 13, No. 6 ( 2021-06-10), p. 259-
    Details
    In: Diversity, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 6 ( 2021-06-10), p. 259-
    Abstract: Atrazine has been extensively used in China’s agricultural production for a long time and the potential risks to the environment have received widespread attention. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of the continuous application of atrazine on soil herbicide residues, soil enzyme activity, and microbial community structure, as well as to provide a theoretical reference for the appropriate application of atrazine and the improvement of soil. Previous studies have focused on the effects of atrazine on soil microorganisms, but the experiments used higher doses than recommended. To reveal the actual effects of atrazine on soil microorganisms, the recommended dose of atrazine was used for 0, 1, and 2 years. We studied atrazine residues and enzyme activity in the soil, and phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA) were measured to study the structure of the soil microbiome. The results show that the rate of atrazine degradation occurred rapidly after the initial administration, and with the increase in continuous administration, its half-life decreased from 24.6 d in the first year to 14.1 d in the second year. The application of atrazine significantly affected soil urease activity and cellulase activity, but it had no significant effect on saccharase activity. The continuous application of atrazine had a significant effect on the biomass of cultured bacteria in soil, but not on the biomass of culturable fungi and actinomycetes in the soil. Furthermore, the results of PLFA analysis show that the application of atrazine had a significant effect on the microbial structure of the soil. These results indicate that the significant increase in the degradation rate of atrazine during continuous application is related to the high adaptability of the soil microbiome.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1424-2818
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/d13060259
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518137-3
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  • 8
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    A High-Certainty Visual Servo Control Method for a Space Manipulator with Flexible Joints
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Sensors Vol. 23, No. 15 ( 2023-07-26), p. 6679-
    Details
    In: Sensors, MDPI AG, Vol. 23, No. 15 ( 2023-07-26), p. 6679-
    Abstract: This paper introduces a novel high-certainty visual servo algorithm for a space manipulator with flexible joints, which consists of a kinematic motion planner and a Lyapunov dynamics model reference adaptive controller. To enhance kinematic certainty, a three-stage motion planner is proposed in Cartesian space to control the intermediate states and minimize the relative position error between the manipulator and the target. Moreover, a planner in joint space based on the fast gradient descent algorithm is proposed to optimize the joint’s deviation from the centrality. To improve dynamic certainty, an adaptive control algorithm based on Lyapunov stability analysis is used to enhance the system’s anti-disturbance capability. As to the basic PBVS (position-based visual servo methods) algorithm, the proposed method aims to increase the certainty of the intermediate states to avoid collision. A physical experiment is designed to validate the effectiveness of the algorithm. The experiment shows that the visual servo motion state in Cartesian space is basically consistent with the planned three-stage motion state, the average joint deviation index from the centrality is less than 40%, and the motion trajectory consistency exceeds 90% under different inertial load disturbances. Overall, this method reduces the risk of collision by enhancing the certainty of the basic PBVS algorithm.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1424-8220
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/s23156679
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2052857-7
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  • 9
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    The Electronic Properties of g−ZnO Modulated by Organic Molecules Adsorption
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Crystals Vol. 12, No. 7 ( 2022-06-21), p. 882-
    Details
    In: Crystals, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 7 ( 2022-06-21), p. 882-
    Abstract: Molecular doping is an excellent instrument to modify the electronic properties of two−dimensional materials. In our work, the structure and electronic properties of the adsorption systems of g−ZnO adsorbed by organic molecules (including Tetracyanoethylene (TCNE), Tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ), and Tetrahydrofulvalene (TTF)) were investigated computationally using Density Functional Theory (DFT). The results showed that the TCNE and TCNQ, as electron receptors, doped the LUMO energy level above the valence band maximum (VBM) of the g−ZnO band structure, demonstrating effective p−type doping. The n−type doping of g−ZnO was obtained that the TTF molecules, as electron donors, doped the HOMO energy level below the conduction band minimum (CBM) of the band structure for g−ZnO. In addition, the TCNE, TCNQ, and TTF breathed additional holes or electrons into the monolayer g−ZnO, creating surface dipole moments between the g−ZnO and organic molecules, which caused work function to be adjustable, ranging from 3.871 eV to 5.260 eV. Our results prove that organic molecular doping was instrumental in improving the performance of g−ZnO−based nano−electronic devices, providing theoretical support for the fabrication of p−doping or n−doping nano−semiconductor components. The tunable range of field emission capability of g−ZnO−based electronic devices was also extended.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4352
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/cryst12070882
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2661516-2
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  • 10
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    Associations between Road Density, Urban Forest Landscapes, and Structural-Taxonomic Attributes in Northeastern China: Decoupling and Implications
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Forests Vol. 10, No. 1 ( 2019-01-12), p. 58-
    Details
    In: Forests, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 1 ( 2019-01-12), p. 58-
    Abstract: A better understanding on the associations between road density (RD), urban forest structural-taxonomic attributes, and landscape metrics is vital for forest ecological service evaluations and suitable management in sprawling urban areas with increasing road networks. We chose Harbin, a fast growing provincial capital city in northeast China, as a case study to address this issue. We utilized ArcGIS software (Esri, version 10.0; Redlands, CA, USA) and FRAGSTATS (V4.2.589) to digitize GF-1 images (Gaofen No.1 remote sensing images) to acquire road net characteristic information and landscape metrics of urban forests in Harbin. Together with forest structural-taxonomic attributes from a stratified random sampling survey, statistical methods such as an analysis of variance, a regression analysis, and a redundancy analysis were used to determine the road-dependent differences and to decouple the associations between them. The results indicated that road area percentages, road length/imperious surface area (ISA) ratios, road area/ISA ratios, and road cross-points sharply increased from low to heavy RD areas. This road intensification was strongly associated with increased urban forest area, patch density, and diverse patch shapes; smaller tree sizes, lower tree densities, and diverse tree species compositions were generally observed. Redundancy-based variation partitioning showed that part of the variations in structural-taxonomic attributes of forests could be explained by road intensity characteristics. In low RD (0–1.5 km/km2) regions, the road characteristics significantly affected forest characteristics (Shannon Wiener diversity index, species richness, and evenness index); however, such associations weakened with increasing forest landscape-related associations in medium to heavy RD (1.5–6 km/km2) regions. Our findings highlighted that road development is strongly associated with forest characteristics in Harbin city, and RD-dependent forest landscape regulating management could favor the maximization of forest ecological services that are related to structural and species identities.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1999-4907
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/f10010058
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527081-3
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