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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Yield-Related QTL Clusters and the Potential Candidate Genes in Two Wheat DH Populations
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 22, No. 21 ( 2021-11-03), p. 11934-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 22, No. 21 ( 2021-11-03), p. 11934-
    Abstract: In the present study, four large-scale field trials using two doubled haploid wheat populations were conducted in different environments for two years. Grain protein content (GPC) and 21 other yield-related traits were investigated. A total of 227 QTL were mapped on 18 chromosomes, which formed 35 QTL clusters. The potential candidate genes underlying the QTL clusters were suggested. Furthermore, adding to the significant correlations between yield and its related traits, correlation variations were clearly shown within the QTL clusters. The QTL clusters with consistently positive correlations were suggested to be directly utilized in wheat breeding, including 1B.2, 2A.2, 2B (4.9–16.5 Mb), 2B.3, 3B (68.9–214.5 Mb), 4A.2, 4B.2, 4D, 5A.1, 5A.2, 5B.1, and 5D. The QTL clusters with negative alignments between traits may also have potential value for yield or GPC improvement in specific environments, including 1A.1, 2B.1, 1B.3, 5A.3, 5B.2 (612.1–613.6 Mb), 7A.1, 7A.2, 7B.1, and 7B.2. One GPC QTL (5B.2: 671.3–672.9 Mb) contributed by cultivar Spitfire was positively associated with nitrogen use efficiency or grain protein yield and is highly recommended for breeding use. Another GPC QTL without negatively pleiotropic effects on 2A (50.0–56.3 Mb), 2D, 4D, and 6B is suggested for quality wheat breeding.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111934
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Effect of the Pre-Existing VC on the Evolution of Precipitate and Mechanical Properties in the H13 Steel
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Materials Vol. 15, No. 11 ( 2022-06-02), p. 3970-
    Details
    In: Materials, MDPI AG, Vol. 15, No. 11 ( 2022-06-02), p. 3970-
    Abstract: To further improve the mechanical properties of H13 steel at room and high temperatures, its precipitates were regulated based on the Thermo-Calc results. Scanning electron microscope (SEM), electron backscattering diffraction (EBSD), transmission electron microscope (TEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) Rietveld refinement were used to study the effect of the intercritical annealing on the microstructure and mechanical properties of H13 steel. The results show that the intercritical annealing at 850~95 °C increased the VC volume fraction from 2.23 to 3.03~3.48%. Increasing the VC volume fraction could inhibit the M7C3 precipitation from 10.01 to 6.63~5.72% during tempering. A large amount of VC also promoted the M23C6 precipitation during tempering at higher dislocation densities. The intercortical annealing simultaneously increased the elongation of H13 steel. An excellent combination (room temperature: ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of 898 MPa and total elongation (TEL) of 19.35%, 650 °C: UTS of 439 MPa, and TEL of 27.80%) could be obtained when intercritical annealing is performed at 900 °C. Meanwhile, after aging at 650 °C for 128 h, the room temperature UTS and TEL decreased by only 31 MPa and 0.52%, respectively.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1996-1944
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ma15113970
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2487261-1
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Preparation, Structure, and Electrical Properties of Cobalt-Modified Bi(Sc3/4In1/4)O3–PbTiO3–Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3 High-Temperature Piezoelectric Ceramics
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Micromachines Vol. 12, No. 12 ( 2021-12-13), p. 1556-
    Details
    In: Micromachines, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 12 ( 2021-12-13), p. 1556-
    Abstract: Cobalt-modified 0.40Bi(Sc3/4In1/4)O3–0.58PbTiO3–0.02Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3 ceramics (abbreviated as BSI–PT–PMN–xCo) were produced by conventional two-step solid-state processing. The phase structure, micro structure morphology, and electrical properties of BSI–PT–PMN–xCo were systematically studied. The introduction of Co ions exerted a significant influence on the structure and electrical properties. The experiment results demonstrated that Co ions entered the B-sites of the lattice, resulting in slight lattice distortion and a smaller lattice constant. The average grain size increased from ~1.94 μm to ~2.68 μm with the increasing Co content. The optimized comprehensive electrical properties were obtained with proper Co-modified content 0.2 wt.%. The Curie temperature (Tc) was 412 °C, the piezoelectric constant (d33) was 370 pC/N, the remnant polarization (Pr) was 29.2 μC/cm2, the relatively dielectric constant (εr) was 1450, the planar electromechanical coupling coefficient (kp) was 46.5, and the dielectric loss (tanδ) was 0.051. Together with the enhanced DC resistivity of 109 Ω cm under 300 °C and good thermal stability, BSI–PT–PMN–0.2Co ceramic is a promising candidate material for high-temperature piezoelectric applications.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-666X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/mi12121556
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2620864-7
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    An Approach for Rice Bacterial Leaf Streak Disease Segmentation and Disease Severity Estimation
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Agriculture Vol. 11, No. 5 ( 2021-05-07), p. 420-
    Details
    In: Agriculture, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 5 ( 2021-05-07), p. 420-
    Abstract: Rice bacterial leaf streak (BLS) is a serious disease in rice leaves and can seriously affect the quality and quantity of rice growth. Automatic estimation of disease severity is a crucial requirement in agricultural production. To address this, a new method (termed BLSNet) was proposed for rice and BLS leaf lesion recognition and segmentation based on a UNet network in semantic segmentation. An attention mechanism and multi-scale extraction integration were used in BLSNet to improve the accuracy of lesion segmentation. We compared the performance of the proposed network with that of DeepLabv3+ and UNet as benchmark models used in semantic segmentation. It was found that the proposed BLSNet model demonstrated higher segmentation and class accuracy. A preliminary investigation of BLS disease severity estimation was carried out based on our BLS segmentation results, and it was found that the proposed BLSNet method has strong potential to be a reliable automatic estimator of BLS disease severity.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2077-0472
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/agriculture11050420
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2651678-0
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Evaluation and Calibration of MODIS Near-Infrared Precipitable Water Vapor over China Using GNSS Observations and ERA-5 Reanalysis Dataset
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Remote Sensing Vol. 13, No. 14 ( 2021-07-14), p. 2761-
    Details
    In: Remote Sensing, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 14 ( 2021-07-14), p. 2761-
    Abstract: Water vapor is one of the most important parameters in climatic studies. MODerate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) is a key instrument and can provide spatially continuous precipitable water vapor (PWV) products. This study was focused on the performance evaluation of the MODIS near-infrared PWV product (MOD-NIR-PWV) over China. For a comprehensive assessment of the performance of MOD-NIR-PWV, PWV retrieved from the measurements at the global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) stations (i.e., GNSS-PWV) and the ERA5 reanalysis dataset (ERA-PWV) from 2013 to 2018 were used as the reference. To investigate the suitability of using ERA-PWV as the reference for the evaluation, ERA-PWV was compared to the high-accuracy GNSS-PWV at 246 GNSS stations and PWV retrieved from radiosonde observations (RS-PWV) at 78 radiosonde stations over China. The results showed that the mean bias and mean root-mean-square (RMS) of the differences between ERA-PWV and GNSS-PWV across all the stations were 0.5 and 1.7 mm, respectively, and the mean correlation coefficient of the two datasets was above 0.96. The values were 0.4 and 1.9 mm and 0.97, respectively, for the differences between ERA-PWV and RS-PWV. This suggests the suitability of ERA-PWV as the reference for the evaluation of MOD-NIR-PWV. In addition, MOD-NIR-PWV was compared with both GNSS-PWV and ERA-PWV, and their mean bias and mean RMS were 2.9 and 3.8 mm (compared to GNSS-PWV) and 2.1 and 3.0 mm (compared to ERA-PWV), respectively. The positive bias values and the non-normal distribution of the differences between MOD-NIR-PWV and both reference datasets imply that a considerable systematic overestimation of MOD-NIR-PWV over China may exist. To mitigate the systematic bias, ERA-PWV was utilized as the sample data due to its spatial continuities, and a grid-based calibration model was developed based on the annual and semiannual periodicities in the differences between MOD-NIR-PWV and ERA-PWV at each grid point. After applying the calibration model to correct MOD-NIR-PWV, the calibrated MOD-NIR-PWV was compared with ERA-PWV and GNSS-PWV for precision and accuracy analysis, respectively. The comparison showed that the model could significantly improve the precision by 94% and accuracy by 53%, which manifested the effectiveness of the calibration model in improving the performance of MOD-NIR-PWV over China.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-4292
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/rs13142761
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2513863-7
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