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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Non-Linear Influence of Built Environment on the School Commuting Metro Ridership: The Case in Wuhan, China
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information Vol. 12, No. 5 ( 2023-05-06), p. 193-
    Details
    In: ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 5 ( 2023-05-06), p. 193-
    Abstract: Although many studies have investigated the non-linear relationship between the built environment and rail patronage, it remains unclear whether this influence is equally applicable to primary and secondary school students due to their physiological characteristics and cognitive limitations. This study applies the GBDT model to Wuhan student metro swipe data in order to investigate the relative importance and non-linear association of the built environment on the school-commuting metro ridership. The results show that the variable with the greatest predictive power is the number of living service facilities followed by the number of intersections, and the degree of land-use mixture. All of the built environment variables had non-linear associations with the school-commuting ridership, and the greatest attraction to the school-commuting metro ridership occurred when the number of living service facilities was 500, the number of intersections was 36, and the degree of land-use mixture was 0.8. These findings can help planners to prioritize land-use optimization and the effective range of land-use indicators when developing child-friendly rail transport policies.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2220-9964
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijgi12050193
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2655790-3
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A Novel Calculation Method of Hydrodynamic Pressure Based on Polyhedron SBFEM and Its Application in Nonlinear Cross-Scale CFRD-Reservoir Systems
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Water Vol. 14, No. 6 ( 2022-03-10), p. 867-
    Details
    In: Water, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 6 ( 2022-03-10), p. 867-
    Abstract: Hydrodynamic pressure is an important factor that cannot be ignored in the seismic safety evaluation of dams. However, when the polyhedron-scaled boundary finite element method is used to simulate dams in a cross-scale dynamic analysis, polygonal surfaces often appear on the upstream face of dams, which is difficult to deal with for conventional methods of hydrodynamic pressure. In this paper, a three-dimensional calculation method of hydrodynamic pressure based on the polyhedron-scaled boundary finite element method is proposed, in which polygon (triangle, quadrilateral, pentagon, hexagon, heptagon, octagon, etc.) semi-infinite prismatic fluid elements are constructed using the mean-value shape function. The proposed method, with a high efficiency, overcomes the limitation of conventional methods in which only quadrangle or triangle boundary faces of elements are permitted. The accuracy of the proposed method is proved to be high when considering various factors. Furthermore, combined with the polyhedron-scaled boundary finite element method for a solid dam, the proposed method for reservoir water is used to develop a nonlinear dynamic coupling method for cross-scale concrete-faced rockfill dam-reservoir systems based on the polyhedron SBFEM. The results of the numerical analysis show that when the hydrodynamic pressure is not considered, the error of rockfill dynamic acceleration and displacement could reach 15.4% and 12.7%, respectively, and the error of dynamic face slabs’ stresses could be 24.9%, which is not conducive to a reasonable seismic safety evaluation of dams.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4441
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/w14060867
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2521238-2
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Analysis of Cones within the Tianwen-1 Landing Area
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Remote Sensing Vol. 14, No. 11 ( 2022-05-27), p. 2590-
    Details
    In: Remote Sensing, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 11 ( 2022-05-27), p. 2590-
    Abstract: On 15 May 2021, the Zhurong rover of China’s first Mars mission, Tianwen-1 (TW-1), successfully landed in southern Utopia Planitia on Mars. Various landforms were present in the landing area, and this area recorded a complex geological history. Cones are one of the typical landforms in the landing area and Utopia Planitia, and they have a great significance to the local geological processes due to the diversity of their origins. Using High-Resolution Imaging Camera (HiRIC) images collected by the TW-1 orbiter, we identified a total of 272 well-preserved circular cones in the landing area. Detailed surveys of their spatial distribution, morphological characteristics, and morphometric parameters were conducted. A preliminary analysis of the surface characteristics of these cones also provides additional information to strengthen our understanding of them. The results of the high-resolution topographic analysis show that the cone heights are in the range of 10.5–90.8 m and their basal diameters range from 178.9–1206.6 m. We compared the morphometric parameters of the cones in the landing area with terrestrial and Martian analogous features and found that our measured cones are consistent with the ranges of mud volcanoes and also a small subset of igneous origin cones. However, the result of spatial analysis is more favorable to mud volcanoes, and the lower thermal inertia of the cones in the landing area compared to their surrounding materials is also a typical characteristic of mud volcanoes. Based on current evidence and analysis, we favor interpreting the cones in the TW-1 landing area as mud volcanoes.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-4292
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/rs14112590
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2513863-7
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A New Approach for Soil Moisture Downscaling in the Presence of Seasonal Difference
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Remote Sensing Vol. 12, No. 17 ( 2020-08-31), p. 2818-
    Details
    In: Remote Sensing, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 17 ( 2020-08-31), p. 2818-
    Abstract: The variation of soil moisture (SM) is a complex and synthetic process, which is impacted by numerous factors. The effects of these factors on soil moisture are dynamic. As a result, the relationship between soil moisture and explanatory variables varies with time and season. This kind of change should be considered in obtaining fine spatial resolution soil moisture products. We chose a study area with four distinct seasons in the temperate monsoon region. In this research, we established seasonal downscaling models to avoid the influence of seasonal differences. Precipitation, land surface temperature, evapotranspiration, vegetation index, land cover, elevation, slope, aspect and soil texture were taken as explanatory variables to produce fine spatial resolution SM. SM products derived from Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer–Earth Observing System (AMSR-E) and Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer 2 (AMSR2) were downscaled with the help of machine learning algorithms. We compared three machine learning algorithms of random forest (RF), support vector machine (SVM), and K-nearest neighbors (KNN) to determine the most suitable algorithm for this study. The results show that season-based downscaling is even better than continuous time series. In the analysis of seasonal differences, precipitation plays a dominant role, but its contribution rate is different in each season. Moreover, the influence of vegetation is more prominent in winter, while the influence of terrain is more important in the other three seasons. It could be noted that the accuracy of the RF model is the best among three machine learning algorithms, and the RF-downscaled products have superior matching performance to both AMSR (AMSR-E and AMSR2) SM products and in-situ measurements. The analysis indicates considering seasonal difference and the application of machine learning has high potential for spatial downscaling in remote sensing applications.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-4292
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/rs12172818
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2513863-7
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  • 5
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    Online Resource
    Impacts of National Highway G214 on Vegetation in the Source Area of Yellow and Yangtze Rivers on the Southern Qinghai Plateau, West China
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Remote Sensing Vol. 15, No. 6 ( 2023-03-12), p. 1547-
    Details
    In: Remote Sensing, MDPI AG, Vol. 15, No. 6 ( 2023-03-12), p. 1547-
    Abstract: Engineering corridors on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau have substantially modified the regional ecosystem functions and environment, resulting in changes in the alpine ecosystem. In addition, the building and operation of these engineering corridors have led to rapid permafrost degradation, which in turn has impacted local vegetation along these corridors. This study investigated vegetation changes and their driving factors by the methods of coefficient of variation, correlation analysis, and GeoDetector in a 30 km wide buffer zone at each side along the National Highway G214 (G214) at the northern and southern flanks of the Bayan Har Mountains in part of the source area of the Yellow and Yangtze rivers on the southern Qinghai Plateau, West China. The following results were obtained: (1) The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index in Growing Season (NDVIgs) rose slightly in 2010–2019, with an average annual change rate of 0.006/a. Patterns of NDVIgs along the G214 exhibited “low at the northern flank and high at the southern flank of the Bayan Har Mountains”. (2) Spatially, average NDVIgs increased from the first buffer zone at the distance of 0–10 km from the highway centerline to the second buffer zone at 20–30 km perpendicularly away from the G214. Furthermore, the first buffer zone had the lowest coefficient of variation, possibly due to a low vegetation recovery as a result of the greatest influence of the G214 on NDVIgs at 0–10 km. (3) Furthermore, annual precipitation (AP) was the dominant factor for significantly (p 〈 0.01) and positively influencing the variations in NDVIgs (R = 0.75, p 〈 0.01). Additionally, NDVIgs was more strongly influenced by the two combined factors than any single one, with the highest q-value (0.74) for the interactive influences of AP and annual average air temperature (AAAT) and followed by that of the AP and mean annual ground temperature (MAGT) at the depth of zero annual amplitude (15 m). Evidently, the construction and operation of the G214 have directly and indirectly affected vegetation through changing environmental variables, with significant impacts on NDVIgs extended at least 20 km outwards from the highway. This study helps better understand the environmental impacts along the engineering corridors in elevational permafrost regions at mid and low latitudes and their management.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-4292
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/rs15061547
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2513863-7
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Miniature Fourier Transform Spectrometer Based on Thin-Film Lithium Niobate
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Micromachines Vol. 14, No. 2 ( 2023-02-15), p. 458-
    Details
    In: Micromachines, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 2 ( 2023-02-15), p. 458-
    Abstract: A miniature Fourier transform spectrometer is proposed using a thin-film lithium niobate electro-optical modulator instead of the conventional modulator made by titanium diffusion in lithium niobate. The modulator was fabricated by a contact lithography process, and its voltage-length and optical waveguide loss were 2.26 V·cm and 1.01 dB/cm, respectively. Based on the wavelength dispersion of the half-wave voltage of the fabricated modulator, the emission spectrum of the input signal was retrieved by Fourier transform processing of the interferogram, and the analysis of the experimental data of monochromatic light shows that the proposed miniaturized FTS can effectively identify the input signal wavelength.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-666X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/mi14020458
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2620864-7
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  • 7
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    Online Resource
    Z-Increments Online Supervisory System Based on Machine Vision for Laser Solid Forming
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Micromachines Vol. 14, No. 8 ( 2023-08-04), p. 1558-
    Details
    In: Micromachines, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 8 ( 2023-08-04), p. 1558-
    Abstract: An improper Z-increment in laser solid forming can result in fluctuations in the off-focus amount during the manufacturing procedure, thereby exerting an influence on the precision and quality of the fabricated component. To solve this problem, this study proposes a closed-loop control system for a Z-increment based on machine vision monitoring. Real-time monitoring of the precise cladding height is accomplished by constructing a paraxial monitoring system, utilizing edge detection technology and an inverse perspective transformation model. This system enables the continuous assessment of the cladding height, which serves as a control signal for the regulation of the Z-increments in real-time. This ensures the maintenance of a constant off-focus amount throughout the manufacturing process. The experimental findings indicate that the proposed approach yields a maximum relative error of 1.664% in determining the cladding layer height, thereby enabling accurate detection of this parameter. Moreover, the real-time adjustment of the Z-increment quantities results in reduced standard deviations of individual cladding layer heights, and the height of the cladding layer increases. This proactive adjustment significantly enhances the stability of the manufacturing process and improves the utilization of powder material. This study can, therefore, provide effective guidance for process control and product optimization in laser solid forming.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-666X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/mi14081558
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2620864-7
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Lineage Tracing and Molecular Real-Time Imaging of Cancer Stem Cells
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Biosensors Vol. 12, No. 9 ( 2022-09-01), p. 703-
    Details
    In: Biosensors, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 9 ( 2022-09-01), p. 703-
    Abstract: The cancer stem cells (CSC) are the roots of cancer. The CSC hypothesis may provide a model to explain the tumor cell heterogeneity. Understand the biological mechanism of CSC will help the early detection and cure of cancer. The discovery of the dynamic changes in CSC will be possible by the using of bio-engineering techniques-lineage tracing. However, it is difficult to obtain real-time, continuous, and dynamic live-imaging information using the traditional approaches that take snapshots of time points from different animals. The goal of molecular imaging is to monitor the in situ, continuous molecular changes of cells in vivo. Therefore, the most advanced bioengineering lineage tracing approach, while using a variety of molecular detection methods, will maximize the presentation of CSC. In this review, we first introduce the method of lineage tracing, and then introduce the various components of molecular images to dynamic detect the CSC. Finally, we analyze the current situation and look forward the future of CSC detection.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2079-6374
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/bios12090703
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662125-3
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  • 9
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    Research Progress on the Synthetic Biology of Botanical Biopesticides
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Bioengineering Vol. 9, No. 5 ( 2022-05-12), p. 207-
    Details
    In: Bioengineering, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 5 ( 2022-05-12), p. 207-
    Abstract: The production and large-scale application of traditional chemical pesticides will bring environmental pollution and food safety problems. With the advantages of high safety and environmental friendliness, botanical biopesticides are in line with the development trend of modern agriculture and have gradually become the mainstream of modern pesticide development. However, the traditional production of botanical biopesticides has long been faced with prominent problems, such as limited source and supply, complicated production processes, and excessive consumption of resources. In recent years, the rapid development of synthetic biology will break through these bottlenecks, and many botanical biopesticides are produced using synthetic biology, such as emodin, celangulin, etc. This paper reviews the latest progress and application prospect of synthetic biology in the development of botanical pesticides so as to provide new ideas for the analysis of synthetic pathways and heterologous and efficient production of botanical biopesticides and accelerate the research process of synthetic biology of natural products.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2306-5354
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9050207
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2746191-9
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  • 10
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    Effects of Rare Earth Elements on Blood Pressure and Their Exposure Biomarkers: Evidence from Animal Experiments
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Vol. 18, No. 18 ( 2021-09-18), p. 9836-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, MDPI AG, Vol. 18, No. 18 ( 2021-09-18), p. 9836-
    Abstract: Solid fuel combustion is an important source of the release of rare earth elements (REEs) into the ambient environment, resulting in potential adverse effects on human cardiovascular health. Our study aimed to identify reliable exposure biomarkers of REE intake and their potential role in blood pressure change. A total of 24 rats were administered with 14 REE chlorides at four doses (six rats per group). Fur samples were collected both before and after administration. Blood samples were collected after 12 weeks of REE intake. The REE concentrations in rat fur and blood samples were measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. For each week, blood pressure, as well as heart rate and pulse pressure, were measured. The linear mixed-effect model was used to analyze the relationship between REE administration dose and blood pressure change. We found that the REE concentration in fur, but not blood, samples exhibited significant dose–response relationships with administration dose. It suggested that hair samples are a more efficient matrix for indicating the exposure level of a population to REEs than blood samples. However, there was no dose–response relationships between the administration dose and blood pressure change of rats, or with heart rate and pulse pressure for the 14 REEs. We also did not find a dose–response relationship between REE administration levels and plasma concentration of 8-hydroxy-2’-deoxyguanosine, as an important DNA oxidative stress damage biomarker. In conclusion, hair samples are more suitable as a sample type to reliably assess exposure to REEs than blood samples, and REEs did not have a direct adverse effect on blood pressure in our rat model.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1660-4601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18189836
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2175195-X
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