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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Double-Probe Ultrasonic Detection Method for Cracks in Steel Structure
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Applied Sciences Vol. 10, No. 23 ( 2020-11-26), p. 8436-
    Details
    In: Applied Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 23 ( 2020-11-26), p. 8436-
    Abstract: To investigate the feasibility analysis of ultrasonic detection methods applied in the fatigue crack characteristics of steel structures, the double-probe ultrasonic detection method was applied to the prefabricated crack specimens fabricated from of flat steel plate. The test features including length, width, depth, angle, and crack location were considered. Based on the calculation of geometric relationship and experimental results, a method for judging the crack tip position was developed. The formulae for determining the depth and angle of crack were not only established but also analyzed the detection accuracy of the double-probe penetration method. The feasibility of this method in weld crack detection was verified by a combination of the finite-element simulation and actual experiment. The results showed that the ratio of crack tip wave height to crack free wave height ωK is related to the K value (K value is one of the parameters of the angle probe, which is defined as the tangent value of angle β between the incident wave and an interface normal line), but the influence of crack depth and width can be ignored. Due to higher detection accuracy for crack depth and angle, a double-probe penetrating method could improve the detection accuracy for crack angle by nearly 5% more than the single probe pulse reflection method. Therefore, application of the double-probe penetrating method had a significant impact on accurate crack detection of rib-to-deck weld in the practical issue.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-3417
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/app10238436
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704225-X
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  • 2
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    Reusable TiN Substrate for Surface Plasmon Resonance Heterodyne Phase Interrogation Sensor
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Nanomaterials Vol. 10, No. 7 ( 2020-07-06), p. 1325-
    Details
    In: Nanomaterials, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 7 ( 2020-07-06), p. 1325-
    Abstract: A TiN-based substrate with high reusability presented high-sensitivity refractive index measurements in a home-built surface plasmon resonance (SPR) heterodyne phase interrogation system. TiN layers with and without additional inclined-deposited TiN (i-TiN) layers on glass substrates reached high bulk charge carrier densities of 1.28 × 1022 and 1.91 × 1022 cm−3, respectively. The additional 1.4 nm i-TiN layer of the nanorod array presented a detection limit of 6.1 × 10−7 RIU and was higher than that of the 46 nm TiN layer at 1.2 × 10−6 RIU when measuring the refractive index of a glucose solution. Furthermore, the long-term durability of the TiN-based substrate demonstrated by multiple processing experiments presented a high potential for various practical sensing applications.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2079-4991
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/nano10071325
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662255-5
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  • 3
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    Fabrication and Characterization of a Metallic–Dielectric Nanorod Array by Nanosphere Lithography for Plasmonic Sensing Application
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Nanomaterials Vol. 9, No. 12 ( 2019-11-26), p. 1691-
    Details
    In: Nanomaterials, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 12 ( 2019-11-26), p. 1691-
    Abstract: In this paper, a periodic metallic–dielectric nanorod array which consists of Si nanorods coated with 30 nm Ag thin film set in a hexagonal configuration is fabricated and characterized. The fabrication procedure is performed by using nanosphere lithography with reactive ion etching, followed by Ag thin-film deposition. The mechanism of the surface and gap plasmon modes supported by the fabricated structure is numerically demonstrated by the three-dimensional finite element method. The measured and simulated absorptance spectra are observed to have a same trend and a qualitative fit. Our fabricated plasmonic sensor shows an average sensitivity of 340.0 nm/RIU when applied to a refractive index sensor ranging from 1.0 to 1.6. The proposed substrates provide a practical plasmonic nanorod-based sensing platform, and the fabrication methods used are technically effective and low-cost.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2079-4991
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/nano9121691
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662255-5
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  • 4
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    Age-Related Conservation in Plant–Soil Feedback Accompanied by Ectomycorrhizal Domination in Temperate Forests in Northeast China
    MDPI AG ; 2024
    In:  Journal of Fungi Vol. 10, No. 5 ( 2024-04-24), p. 310-
    Details
    In: Journal of Fungi, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 5 ( 2024-04-24), p. 310-
    Abstract: This study investigates the effects of forest aging on ectomycorrhizal (EcM) fungal community and foraging behavior and their interactions with plant–soil attributes. We explored EcM fungal communities and hyphal exploration types via rDNA sequencing and investigated their associations with plant–soil traits by comparing younger (~120 years) and older (~250 years) temperate forest stands in Northeast China. The results revealed increases in the EcM fungal richness and abundance with forest aging, paralleled by plant–soil feedback shifting from explorative to conservative nutrient use strategies. In the younger stands, Tomentella species were prevalent and showed positive correlations with nutrient availability in both the soil and leaves, alongside rapid increases in woody productivity. However, the older stands were marked by the dominance of the genera Inocybe, Hymenogaster, and Otidea which were significantly and positively correlated with soil nutrient contents and plant structural attributes such as the community-weighted mean height and standing biomass. Notably, the ratios of longer-to-shorter distance EcM fungal exploration types tended to decrease along with forest aging. Our findings underscore the integral role of EcM fungi in the aging processes of temperate forests, highlighting the EcM symbiont-mediated mechanisms adapting to nutrient scarcity and promoting sustainability in plant–soil consortia.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2309-608X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jof10050310
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2024
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2784229-0
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  • 5
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    Review of Experimental Setups for Plasmonic Photocatalytic Reactions
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Catalysts Vol. 10, No. 1 ( 2019-12-31), p. 46-
    Details
    In: Catalysts, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 1 ( 2019-12-31), p. 46-
    Abstract: Plasmonic photocatalytic reactions have been substantially developed. However, the mechanism underlying the enhancement of such reactions is confusing in relevant studies. The plasmonic enhancements of photocatalytic reactions are hard to identify by processing chemically or physically. This review discusses the noteworthy experimental setups or designs for reactors that process various energy transformation paths for enhancing plasmonic photocatalytic reactions. Specially designed experimental setups can help characterize near-field optical responses in inducing plasmons and transformation of light energy. Electrochemical measurements, dark-field imaging, spectral measurements, and matched coupling of wavevectors lead to further understanding of the mechanism underlying plasmonic enhancement. The discussions herein can provide valuable ideas for advanced future studies.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4344
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/catal10010046
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662126-5
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  • 6
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    Vector-Borne Pathogens with Veterinary and Public Health Significance in Melophagus ovinus (Sheep Ked) from the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Pathogens Vol. 10, No. 2 ( 2021-02-22), p. 249-
    Details
    In: Pathogens, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 2 ( 2021-02-22), p. 249-
    Abstract: Melophagus ovinus (sheep ked) is a hematophagous ectoparasite that mainly parasitizes sheep. In addition to causing inflammation, wool loss, and skin damage to the animal hosts, M. ovinus also serves as a vector for a variety of pathogens and is highly likely to participate in the life and transmission cycle of pathogenic organisms. Herein, we investigated the presence and molecular characterization of vector-borne pathogens in M. ovinus from Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China. A total of 92 M. ovinus pools collected from the Qinghai province of China were screened for the presence of selected vector-borne pathogens. The overall positive rate of A. ovis, A. bovis, A. phagocytophilum, and T. ovis in M. ovinus was 39.1%, 17.4%, 9.8%, and 89.1%, respectively. All of the samples were negative for Border disease virus (BDV), other Anaplasma species, Babesia spp., Rickettsia spp., and Borrelia spp. Co-infection of different Anaplasma species and T. ovis occurred in 51.2% of all samples with T. ovis. The positive rates of A. ovis, A. bovis, and A. phagocytophilum in different regions and altitudes of the sampling sites were significantly different. Sequence and phylogenetic analysis of target genes confirmed their identity with corresponding pathogens. Our results elucidate the occurrence and molecular characterization of Anaplasma spp. and Theileria spp. in M. ovinus, which could act as potential zoonotic reservoirs. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of the detection of A. bovis and A. phagocytophilum DNA in M. ovinus. This study gives the first extensive molecular survey of vector-borne pathogens with veterinary and public health significance in M. ovinus from the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-0817
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10020249
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2695572-6
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  • 7
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    Prediction of Adverse Outcomes in De Novo Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy: Development and Validation of Maternal and Neonatal Prognostic Models
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Healthcare Vol. 10, No. 11 ( 2022-11-18), p. 2307-
    Details
    In: Healthcare, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 11 ( 2022-11-18), p. 2307-
    Abstract: Effectively identifying high-risk patients with de novo hypertensive disorder of pregnancy (HDP) is required to enable timely intervention and to reduce adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes. Electronic medical record of pregnant women with de novo HDP were extracted from a birth cohort in Beijing, China. The adverse outcomes included maternal and fetal morbidities, mortality, or any other adverse complications. A multitude of machine learning statistical methods were employed to develop two prediction models, one for maternal complications and the other for perinatal deteriorations. The maternal model using the random forest algorithm produced an AUC of 0.984 (95% CI (0.978, 0.991)). The strongest predictors variables selected by the model were platelet count, fetal head/abdominal circumference ratio, and gestational age at the diagnosis of de novo HDP; The perinatal model using the boosted tree algorithm yielded an AUC of 0.925 (95% CI (0.907, 0.945]). The strongest predictor variables chosen were gestational age at the diagn osis of de novo HDP, fetal femur length, and fetal head/abdominal circumference ratio. These prediction models can help identify de novo HDP patients at increased risk of complications who might need intense maternal or perinatal care.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2227-9032
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10112307
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2721009-1
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  • 8
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    TRH Regulates the Synthesis and Secretion of Prolactin in Rats with Adenohypophysis through the Differential Expression of miR-126a-5p
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 23, No. 24 ( 2022-12-14), p. 15914-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 23, No. 24 ( 2022-12-14), p. 15914-
    Abstract: Prolactin (PRL) is an important hormone that is secreted by the pituitary gland and plays an important role in the growth, development and reproduction of organisms. Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) is a common prolactin-releasing factor that regulates the synthesis and secretion of prolactin. In recent studies, microRNAs (miRNAs) have been found to play a key role in the regulation of pituitary hormones. However, there is a lack of systematic studies on the regulatory role that TRH plays on the pituitary transcriptome, and the role of miRNAs in the regulation of PRL synthesis and secretion by TRH lacks experimental evidence. In this study, we first investigated the changes in PRL synthesis and secretion in the rat pituitary gland after TRH administration. The results of transcriptomic analysis after TRH treatment showed that 102 genes, including those that encode Nppc, Fgf1, PRL, Cd63, Npw, and Il23a, were upregulated, and 488 genes, including those that encode Lats1, Cacna2d1, Top2a, and Tfap2a, were downregulated. These genes are all involved in the regulation of prolactin expression. The gene expression of miR-126a-5p, which regulates the level of PRL in the pituitary gland, was screened by analysis prediction software and by a dual luciferase reporter system. The data presented in this study demonstrate that TRH can regulate prolactin synthesis and secretion through miR-126a-5p, thereby improving our understanding of the molecular mechanism of TRH-mediated PRL secretion and providing a theoretical basis for the role of miRNAs in regulating the secretion of pituitary hormones.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415914
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 9
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    Perfect Dual-Band Absorber Based on Plasmonic Effect with the Cross-Hair/Nanorod Combination
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Nanomaterials Vol. 10, No. 3 ( 2020-03-09), p. 493-
    Details
    In: Nanomaterials, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 3 ( 2020-03-09), p. 493-
    Abstract: Plasmonic effect using a cross-hair can convey strongly localized surface plasmon modes among the separated composite nanostructures. Compared to its counterpart without the cross-hair, this characteristic has the remarkable merit of enhancing absorptance at resonance and can make the structure carry out a dual-band plasmonic perfect absorber (PPA). In this paper, we propose and design a novel dual-band PPA with a gathering of four metal-shell nanorods using a cross-hair operating at visible and near-infrared regions. Two absorptance peaks at 1050 nm and 750 nm with maximal absorptance of 99.59% and 99.89% for modes 1 and 2, respectively, are detected. High sensitivity of 1200 nm refractive unit (1/RIU), figure of merit of 26.67 and Q factor of 23.33 are acquired, which are very remarkable compared with the other PPAs. In addition, the absorptance in mode 1 is about nine times compared to its counterpart without the cross-hair. The proposed structure gives a novel inspiration for the design of a tunable dual-band PPA, which can be exploited for plasmonic sensor and other nanophotonic devices.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2079-4991
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/nano10030493
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
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  • 10
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    Study on the Preparation and Performance of a Prefabricated Pervious-Cement-Based Concrete Pavement Slab
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Symmetry Vol. 14, No. 7 ( 2022-06-22), p. 1295-
    Details
    In: Symmetry, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 7 ( 2022-06-22), p. 1295-
    Abstract: Based on the design of a prefabricated pervious composite cement concrete pavement slab, the interface properties and bending deformation properties of basalt pervious concrete (BPC) and PVA fiber base impervious concrete (PFBIC) composite specimens were studied. The effects of the different interfacial agents on the interfacial bonding performance were compared using a splitting tensile strength test and interfacial shear test. The deformation capacity of the composite specimens under bending load was tested using a three-point bending test, with the symmetry of the model considered and compared with the deformation capacity of the BPC specimen and PFBIC specimen. The results showed that the compressive strength of the BPC prepared using an orthogonal test reached 40.30 MPa, while the permeability coefficient was 2.41 mm/s. Different interface treatment processes determine the interface bonding properties. The best interface treatment method can induce the interface bonding strength to be higher than the strength of the BPC matrix itself, while the interface transition zone matrix will be denser without obvious microscopic defects. Under the bending tensile load, the ultimate bending stress reached 6.58 MPa and the maximum deflection in the midspan was 0.81 mm. As a protective layer, the PFBIC can alleviate the disadvantage of the insufficient strength of the BPC and can improve the bending ultimate bearing capacity of the BPC-PFBIC through its own stiffness.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-8994
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/sym14071295
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518382-5
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