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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    MEMS Device for Quantitative In Situ Mechanical Testing in Electron Microscope
    MDPI AG ; 2017
    In:  Micromachines Vol. 8, No. 2 ( 2017-01-24), p. 31-
    Details
    In: Micromachines, MDPI AG, Vol. 8, No. 2 ( 2017-01-24), p. 31-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-666X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/mi8020031
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2620864-7
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  • 2
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    Preparation of Al-3Ga-3In-3Sn Alloy Powder by Coupling Alloying and Ball Milling and Its Application on High-Rate Hydrogen Generation at Room Temperature
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Metals Vol. 11, No. 11 ( 2021-10-26), p. 1704-
    Details
    In: Metals, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 11 ( 2021-10-26), p. 1704-
    Abstract: High hydro-active Al-3Ga-3In-3Sn alloys were prepared by coupling alloying and mechanical milling methods. NiCl2 was added to the alloy during ball milling as the catalyst. XRD, SEM, and XAFS were used for the characterization of the hydro-active alloy. The hydrogen generation properties were systematically investigated in tap water at room temperature. The results show that the hydrogen generation rate is 11.02 L∙min−1∙g−1, and the conversion yield is 90.25% for the Al-3Ga-3In-3Sn-2NiCl2 composite with a ball milling time of 2 h at room temperature in tap water. The hydrolysis reaction contains the expansion of the Al-based phase into a nano-sized layer and the further hydrolysis reaction of the layered Al phase with water. The activation mechanism was also investigated, and the activation of Al was attributed to the Al-Ni galvanic with the existing Cl−, which leads to a faster hydrolysis reaction rate for ball-milled powder with NiCl2.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2075-4701
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/met11111704
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662252-X
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  • 3
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    Spatio-Temporal Variations and Socio-Economic Driving Forces for Wetland Area Changes: Insights from 2008–2017 Data of Yunnan Province, China
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Water Vol. 14, No. 11 ( 2022-06-02), p. 1790-
    Details
    In: Water, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 11 ( 2022-06-02), p. 1790-
    Abstract: An in-depth understanding of the associations between variations in the wetland area and socio-economic driving forces is essential owing to rapid urbanization. However, to date, no study has performed a quantitative study on the relationships between spatio-temporal patterns for wetland area variations and socio-economic driving factors in Yunnan Province. Based on Statistical Yearbook data, we found that during 10 years, different types of wetlands exhibited different change rates, with obvious spatial heterogeneity. The overall increase in wetland area in Yunnan Province was 13.35%, of which the increases in river, lake, and swamp wetland areas were 46.39%, −3.12%, and 295.56%, respectively. At the city level, the maximum decrease and increase in total wetland area were noted in Xishuangbanna (−84.30%) and Diqing (+185.22%), respectively. A total of 9 of 24 factors which were further selected according to collinearity diagnostics might help interpret changes in the wetland area of Yunnan Province according to the regression analysis results (R2 = 0.749, p 〈 0.01). Moreover, in different city development periods, the key socio-economic factors were different, which should be considered separately when formulating policies. Our results may clarify the socio-economic influencing factors for wetland spatio-temporal changes and help to guide policymakers.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4441
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/w14111790
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2521238-2
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  • 4
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    Evolution Regularity of Continuous Surface Structures Shaped by Laser-Supported Fictive-Temperature Modifying
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Crystals Vol. 13, No. 3 ( 2023-03-22), p. 542-
    Details
    In: Crystals, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 3 ( 2023-03-22), p. 542-
    Abstract: The influence of residual heat on the fictive temperature modification zone of fused silica for different CO2 laser scanning time intervals was investigated to precisely control the profiles of hydrofluoric (HF) acid-etched fused silica surface, which were formed by the increasing HF acid-etching rate for fused silica with increasing fictive temperature induced by CO2 laser scanning. The surface profiles of HF acid-etched fused silica treated by different scanning time intervals of CO2 laser were measured by a stylus profilometry, and experimental results indicate that the CO2 laser scanning time intervals intensively influence the HF acid-etched surface profiles of fused silica. The increasing depth of surface profiles treated by shorter scanning time intervals shows that the fictive temperature modification zone significantly expands. Numerical simulations of the fictive temperature modification zone induced by different scanning time intervals indicate that the residual heat of CO2 laser scanning with shorter time intervals leads to a dramatical increase in the fictive temperature modification zone. By adjusting the residual heat of CO2 laser scanning intervals, various surface profiles of fused silica can be obtained by HF acid-etching of fused silica.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4352
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/cryst13030542
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2661516-2
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  • 5
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    Enhanced Hydrogen Generation Performance of Al-Rich Alloys by a Melting-Mechanical Crushing-Ball Milling Method
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Materials Vol. 14, No. 24 ( 2021-12-20), p. 7889-
    Details
    In: Materials, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 24 ( 2021-12-20), p. 7889-
    Abstract: The main problem for the application of hydrogen generated via hydrolysis of metal alloys is the low hydrogen generation rate (HGR). In this paper, active Al alloys were prepared using a new coupled method-melting-mechanical crushing-mechanical ball milling method to enhance the HGR at room temperature. This method contains three steps, including the melting of Al, Ga, In, and Sn ingots with low melting alloy blocks and casting into plates, then crushing alloy plate into powders and ball milling with chloride salts such as NiCl2 and CoCl2 were added during the ball milling process. The microstructure and phase compositions of Al alloys and reaction products were investigated via X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersed X-ray spectroscopy. The low-melting-point Ga-In -Sn (GIS) phases contain a large amount of Al can act as a transmission medium for Al, which improves the diffusion of Al to Al/H2O reaction sites. Finer GIS phases after ball milling can further enhance the diffusion of Al and thus enhance the activity of Al alloy. The hydrogen generation performance through hydrolysis of water with Al at room temperature was investigated. The results show that the H2 generation performance of the Al-low-melting point alloy composite powder is significantly higher than the results reported to date. The highest H2 generation rate and H2 conversion efficiency can reach 5337 mL·min−1·g−1 for the hydrolysis of water with 1 g active alloy.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1996-1944
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ma14247889
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2487261-1
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  • 6
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    Genome Mining of Marine-Derived Streptomyces sp. SCSIO 40010 Leads to Cytotoxic New Polycyclic Tetramate Macrolactams
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Marine Drugs Vol. 17, No. 12 ( 2019-11-25), p. 663-
    Details
    In: Marine Drugs, MDPI AG, Vol. 17, No. 12 ( 2019-11-25), p. 663-
    Abstract: Polycyclic tetramate macrolactams (PTMs) biosynthetic gene cluster are widely distributed in different bacterial types, especially in Streptomyces species. The mining of the genomic data of marine-derived Streptomyces sp. SCSIO 40010 reveals the presence of a putative PTM-encoding biosynthetic gene cluster (ptm′ BGC) that features a genetic organization for potentially producing 5/5/6 type of carbocyclic ring-containing PTMs. A fermentation of Streptomyces sp. SCSIO 40010 led to the isolation and characterization of six new PTMs 1–6. Comprehensive spectroscopic analysis assigned their planar structures and relative configurations, and their absolute configurations were deduced by comparing the experimental electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra with the reported spectra of the known PTMs. Intriguingly, compounds 1–6 were determined to have a trans-orientation of H-10/H-11 at the first 5-membered ring, being distinct from the cis-orientation in their known PTM congeners. PTMs 1–5 displayed cytotoxicity against several cancer cell lines, with IC50 values that ranged from 2.47 to 17.68 µM.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1660-3397
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/md17120663
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2175190-0
    SSG: 15,3
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  • 7
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    Expression Analysis of Circular RNAs in Young and Sexually Mature Boar Testes
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Animals Vol. 11, No. 5 ( 2021-05-17), p. 1430-
    Details
    In: Animals, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 5 ( 2021-05-17), p. 1430-
    Abstract: Testicular development is critical for male animals’ reproduction and is tightly regulated by epigenetic factors. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) were recently identified in the testes of humans and bulls. However, the expression profile of circRNAs and their potential biological functions in boar testicular development remain unclear. We identified 34,521 and 31,803 circRNAs in piglet (30 d) and adult (210 d) boar testes by high-throughput sequencing, respectively. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that these circRNAs are widely distributed on autosomes and sex chromosomes. Some of the host genes can generate multiple circRNAs. A total of 2326 differentially expressed circRNAs (DECs) derived from 1526 host genes was found in testicular development, of which 1003 circRNAs were up-regulated in adult boar testes and 1323 circRNAs were down-regulated. Furthermore, gene ontology analysis of host genes of DECs revealed that these circRNAs are mainly involved in regulating spermatogenesis, cilia motility, and hormone biosynthesis. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis revealed that the DECs are markedly enriched to stem cell pluripotency regulation, tight junctions, adhesion junctions, and cAMP signaling pathway. These results indicate that circRNAs are abundantly expressed in boar testes and exhibit dynamic changes during testicular development.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-2615
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ani11051430
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2606558-7
    SSG: 23
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  • 8
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    The Activation of Mg Powder Promoted by Chloride and Activation Mechanism
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Metals Vol. 11, No. 9 ( 2021-09-10), p. 1435-
    Details
    In: Metals, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 9 ( 2021-09-10), p. 1435-
    Abstract: Magnesium has bright market prospects such as generating thrust for under water engines and hydrogen production. However, the passive oxide film on the surface of magnesium powder prevents the further reaction of magnesium with water at room temperature. In this paper, highly active magnesium-based materials were prepared via ball milling pure Mg with different chlorides (NiCl2, CoCl2, CuCl2, FeCl3). The activity of the as obtained powder was analyzed through Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), synchrotron X-ray tomography, Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (EXAFS), etc. Among the various compositions, the Mg-6%CoCl2 composite exhibited the best hydrogen production performance with a hydrogen generation volume of 423 mL/(0.5 g) and a conversion yield of 96.6%. The related activation mechanism was thoroughly studied, showing that the addition of chloride during ball milling can effectively break the continuity of oxide films on Mg surfaces and introduces a large number of micro defects. In addition, the EXAFS and tomography data verified that metallic cobalt was generated during the ball milling process, subsequently forming a Mg-Co micro glance cell, and the Cl− in the system accelerates the corrosion of Mg. The active mechanism can be verified as synergistic effects of micro glance cell and as-generated surface microcracks.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2075-4701
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/met11091435
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
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  • 9
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    Low Threshold Voltage Shift in AlGaN/GaN MIS-HEMTs on Si Substrate Using SiNx/SiON as Composite Gate Dielectric
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Electronics Vol. 11, No. 6 ( 2022-03-13), p. 895-
    Details
    In: Electronics, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 6 ( 2022-03-13), p. 895-
    Abstract: This study has demonstrated AlGaN/GaN metal-insulator-semiconductor high electron mobility transistors (MIS-HEMTs) on Si substrates with a SiNx/SiON composite gate dielectric. The threshold voltage shift in the devices was investigated. The MIS-HEMTs with the SiNx/SiON composite gate dielectric exhibited superior threshold voltage uniformity and small threshold voltage hysteresis than the reference device with SiNx only gate dielectric. The variation of the device threshold voltage was mainly related to trapping process by the interface states, as confirmed by band diagrams of MIS-HEMTs at different gate biases. Based on frequency-dependent capacitance measurements, interface state densities of the devices with the composite and single gate dielectrics were extracted, where the former showed much smaller interface state density. These results indicate that the SiNx/SiON composite gate dielectric can effectively improve the device performance of GaN-based MIS-HEMTs and contribute to the development of high-performance GaN electronic devices.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2079-9292
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/electronics11060895
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662127-7
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  • 10
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    Development and Height Prediction of Fractured Water-Conducting Zone in Weakly Cemented Overburden: A Case Study of Tashidian Erjingtian Mine
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Sustainability Vol. 15, No. 18 ( 2023-09-19), p. 13899-
    Details
    In: Sustainability, MDPI AG, Vol. 15, No. 18 ( 2023-09-19), p. 13899-
    Abstract: To clarify the development and height of the fractured water-conducting zone of underground mines with weakly cemented overburden, the W8203 working face of the Tashidian Erjingtian Mine in Xinjiang, China, was selected to carry out a case study. Firstly, a physical analog model test was conducted to investigate the development law of the water-conducting fracture zone, followed by a numerical simulation via the PFC2D program. Afterward, a theoretical analysis based on the key stratum theory was carried out. The results demonstrated that there were one primary key stratum and three sub-key strata upon the W8203 working face. As verified by the physical analog tests, the water-conducting fracture developed to the bottom of the primary key stratum, and the height of the fractured water-conducting zone was 246.38 m. The numerical analysis suggests that the primary key stratum did not completely break and the fracture did not penetrate the stratum. Theoretical calculation indicated that the primary key stratum maintained stability in the structure without any breakage. The height of the fractured water-conducting zone is comprehensively determined to be 246.38 m, which is relatively close to the measured value (229.32 m). Based on the prediction method of key stratum position combined with the characteristics of weak cemented overburden, a method to predict the height of a water-conducting fracture zone suitable for weak cemented overburden was developed. The accuracy of this method was also verified through an in-depth comparison with field test results. Under the background of the “strategic westward shift” of coal resource exploration and development in China, the research results can provide theoretical and technical support for safe production in the Tashidian Mining Area and references for green and safe production in weakly cemented overburden mining areas in western China.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2071-1050
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/su151813899
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518383-7
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