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  • MDPI AG  (8)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Bio-Inspired Artificial Receptor with Integrated Tactile Sensing and Pain Warning Perceptual Abilities
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Machines Vol. 10, No. 11 ( 2022-10-23), p. 968-
    Details
    In: Machines, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 11 ( 2022-10-23), p. 968-
    Abstract: Inspired by the mechanism of touch and pain in human skin, we integrated two ion-sensing films and a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) layer together to achieve a bionic artificial receptor with the capacity of distinguishing touch or pain perception through ion-electrical effect. The ion-sensing film provides the carrier of touch or pain perception, while the PDMS layer as a soft substrate is used to regulate the perception ability of receptor. Through a series of experiments, we investigated the effects of physical properties of the PDMS layer on the sensing ability of an artificial receptor. Further, contact area tests were performed in order to distinguish touch or pain under a sharp object. It is revealed that the pressure threshold triggering the touch and pain feedback of the artificial receptor presented an increasing trend when the elastic modulus and thickness of the PDMS substrate increase. The distinction ability of touch and pain becomes more pronounced under higher elastic modulus and larger thickness. Furthermore, the induced pain feedback becomes more intense with the decrease of the loading area under the same load, and the threshold of pain drops down from 176.68 kPa to 54.57 kPa with the decrease of the radius from 3 mm to 1 mm. This work potentially provides a new strategy for developing electronic skin with tactile sensing and pain warning. The pressure threshold and sensing range can be regulated by changing the physical properties of the middle layer, which would be advantageous to robotics and healthcare fields.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2075-1702
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/machines10110968
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704328-9
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Transcriptome Analysis of Early Senescence in the Post-Anthesis Flag Leaf of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Plants Vol. 11, No. 19 ( 2022-10-01), p. 2593-
    Details
    In: Plants, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 19 ( 2022-10-01), p. 2593-
    Abstract: Flag leaf senescence is an important determinant of wheat yield, as leaf senescence occurs in a coordinated manner during grain filling. However, the biological process of early senescence of flag leaves post-anthesis is not clear. In this study, early senescence in wheat was investigated using a high-throughput RNA sequencing technique. A total of 4887 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, and any showing drastic expression changes were then linked to particular biological processes. A hierarchical cluster analysis implied potential relationships between NAC genes and post-anthesis senescence in the flag leaf. In addition, a large set of genes associated with the synthesis; transport; and signaling of multiple phytohormones (JA, ABA, IAA, ET, SA, BR, and CTK) were expressed differentially, and many DEGs related to ABA and IAA were identified. Our results provide insight into the molecular processes taking place during the early senescence of flag leaves, which may provide useful information in improving wheat yield in the future.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2223-7747
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/plants11192593
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704341-1
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Artificial Lipid Droplets: Novel Effective Biomaterials to Protect Cells against Oxidative Stress and Lipotoxicity
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Nanomaterials Vol. 12, No. 4 ( 2022-02-17), p. 672-
    Details
    In: Nanomaterials, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 4 ( 2022-02-17), p. 672-
    Abstract: Lipid droplets (LDs) play an important role in the regulation of cellular stress. This suggests LDs can be applied as safe and effective biomaterials to alleviate cellular stress and lipotoxicity. Here, we constructed a convenient method to generate stable and pure artificial lipid droplets (aLDs). aLDs can maintain their biological function by incubating LD-associated proteins or organelles in vitro. It was validated that perilipin-coated aLDs could be uptaken by cells, significantly reducing hydrogen peroxide-induced reactive oxidative species (ROS) and alleviating cellular lipotoxicity caused by excess fatty acid. Our work demonstrated a direct role of LDs in regulating cellular stress levels, providing methods and potential value for future research and medical applications of LDs.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2079-4991
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/nano12040672
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662255-5
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Homolog Snf1 Concerts Carbon Utilization, Conidia Production and the Biosynthesis of Secondary Metabolites in the Taxol-Producer Pestalotiopsis microspora
    MDPI AG ; 2018
    In:  Genes Vol. 9, No. 2 ( 2018-01-24), p. 59-
    Details
    In: Genes, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 2 ( 2018-01-24), p. 59-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4425
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/genes9020059
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527218-4
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Deletion of a Rare Fungal PKS CgPKS11 Promotes Chaetoglobosin A Biosynthesis, Yet Defers the Growth and Development of Chaetomium globosum
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Journal of Fungi Vol. 7, No. 9 ( 2021-09-13), p. 750-
    Details
    In: Journal of Fungi, MDPI AG, Vol. 7, No. 9 ( 2021-09-13), p. 750-
    Abstract: We previously reported that chaetoglobosin A (ChA) exhibits a great potential in the biocontrol of nematodes and pathogenic fungi. To improve the production of ChA, a CRISPR-Cas9 system was created and applied for eliminating potential competitive polyketide products. One of the polyketide synthase encoding genes, Cgpks11, which is putatively involved in the biosynthesis of chaetoglocin A, was disrupted. Cgpks11 deletion led to the overexpression of the CgcheA gene cluster, which is responsible for ChA biosynthesis, and a 1.6-fold increase of ChA. Transcription of pks-1, a melanin PKS, was simultaneously upregulated. Conversely, the transcription of genes for chaetoglocin A biosynthesis, e.g., CHGG_10646 and CHGG_10649, were significantly downregulated. The deletion also led to growth retardation and seriously impaired ascospore development. This study found a novel regulatory means on the biosynthesis of ChA by CgPKS11. CgPKS11 affects chaetoglobosin A biosynthesis, growth, and development in Chaetomium globosum.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2309-608X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jof7090750
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2784229-0
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Soil, Plant, and Microorganism Interactions Drive Secondary Succession in Alpine Grassland Restoration
    MDPI AG ; 2024
    In:  Plants Vol. 13, No. 6 ( 2024-03-09), p. 780-
    Details
    In: Plants, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 6 ( 2024-03-09), p. 780-
    Abstract: Plant secondary succession has been explored extensively in restoring degraded grasslands in semiarid or dry environments. However, the dynamics of soil microbial communities and their interactions with plant succession following restoration efforts remain understudied, particularly in alpine ecosystems. This study investigates the interplay between soil properties, plant communities, and microbial populations across a chronosequence of grassland restoration on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau in China. We examined five succession stages representing artificial grasslands of varying recovery durations from 0 to 19. We characterized soil microbial compositions using high-throughput sequencing, enzymatic activity assessments, and biomass analyses. Our findings reveal distinct plant and microbial secondary succession patterns, marked by increased soil organic carbon, total phosphorus, and NH4+-N contents. Soil microbial biomass, enzymatic activities, and microbial community diversity increased as recovery time progressed, attributed to increased plant aboveground biomass, cover, and diversity. The observed patterns in biomass and diversity dynamics of plant, bacterial, and fungal communities suggest parallel plant and fungal succession occurrences. Indicators of bacterial and fungal communities, including biomass, enzymatic activities, and community composition, exhibited sensitivity to variations in plant biomass and diversity. Fungal succession, in particular, exhibited susceptibility to changes in the soil C: N ratio. Our results underscore the significant roles of plant biomass, cover, and diversity in shaping microbial community composition attributed to vegetation-induced alterations in soil nutrients and soil microclimates. This study contributes valuable insights into the intricate relationships driving secondary succession in alpine grassland restoration.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2223-7747
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/plants13060780
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2024
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704341-1
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Uncertainty Analysis and Improvement of Propellant Gauging System Applied in Space
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Applied Sciences Vol. 12, No. 19 ( 2022-10-09), p. 10148-
    Details
    In: Applied Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 19 ( 2022-10-09), p. 10148-
    Abstract: Propellant Gauging is of vital importance to a spacecraft at the end of its life. Based on the Monte Carlo Method, uncertainty analysis and the improvement of propellant gauging using gas injection have been studied. As a result of the analysis, the gauging uncertainty has weak relation to the uncertainties of the volumes of the injection room and tank, the uncertainties of the pressure, and the temperature in the injection room. Relatively, the uncertainties of the temperature and pressure in the tank have a great effect on the gauging uncertainty. By improving the uncertainties of the tank pressure and temperature within 0.04% and 0.4%, the final gauging uncertainty can be obtained within 0.4%. Ground tests have been conducted and the results came out with approximately 0.4% error, well within the theoretical analysis.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-3417
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/app121910148
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704225-X
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Global Characterization of XRN 5′-3′ Exoribonucleases and Their Responses to Environmental Stresses in Plants
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Diversity Vol. 13, No. 12 ( 2021-11-24), p. 612-
    Details
    In: Diversity, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 12 ( 2021-11-24), p. 612-
    Abstract: The XRN family of 5′-3′ Exoribonucleases is functionally conserved in eukaryotic organisms. However, the molecular evolution of XRN proteins in plants and their functions in plant response to environment stresses remain largely unexplored. In this study, we identified 23 XRN proteins in 6 representative plant species. Polygenetic analysis revealed that XRN2 was Arabidopsis-specific among these species, and additional branches outside the clades of XRN3 and XRN4 proteins, which we named as XRN5, were found in rice, maize, and soybean. However, XRN5 in soybean lost their entire 5′-3′ XRN Exoribonuclease domain. Protein conserved sequence analysis showed that XRN3/XRN2 contained potential bipartite nuclear-localization signals (NLS) while all the XRN4 proteins lost their second KR/RR motif of NLS, potentially leading to their cytoplasm localization. SIXRN3-2 contained one mutation in this second KR/RR motif, which may change their sub-cellular localization. The promoter cis-element analysis indicated that these XRN genes responded to multiple stresses and plant hormones diversely at transcriptional level. Finally, transcriptomic analysis suggested that OsXRN3 and ZmXRN3-1 were induced by low temperature, SIXRN4 and ZmXRN4 was inhibited by heat shock, and OsXRN5 and GmXRN5-2 were repressed by drought. However, in general, the expression patterns revealed the response diversity of XRNs to environment stimuli in different plant species. Taken together, this study characterized 23 XRNs with NLS variation that contributed to their sub-cellular localization and provided an overview of the XRNs response diversity to multiple environmental stresses, suggesting that XRNs could be used as potential gene editing candidates for precise stress-tolerant crop breeding.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1424-2818
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/d13120612
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518137-3
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