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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Effects of Oat Beta-Glucan Intake on Lipid Profiles in Hypercholesterolemic Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Nutrients Vol. 14, No. 10 ( 2022-05-13), p. 2043-
    Details
    In: Nutrients, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 10 ( 2022-05-13), p. 2043-
    Abstract: (1) Background: hyperlipidemia is one of the cardiovascular diseases which becomes a great threat to the health of people worldwide. Oat beta-glucan is reported to have a beneficial effect on lowering blood lipids. To probe the effect of oat beta-glucan consumption on serum lipid profiles (total cholesterol, total triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol), we carried out a systematic search on randomized controlled trials of oat beta-glucan intervention on hypercholesterolemic individuals. (2) Methods: the pieces of literature were obtained from PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and the Embase from inception to 28 February 2022. The results were presented with the weighted mean difference (WMD) with a 95% CI. The random-effects or fixed-effects model was applied according to the heterogeneity. The subgroup analysis and meta-regression were used to identify the source of heterogeneity. (3) Results: thirteen trials with 927 participants were included in our meta-analysis. Overall, oat beta-glucan supplementation significantly reduced levels of TC (pooled WMD = −0.24 mmol/L; 95%CI: −0.28 to −0.20 mmol/L), LDL-c (pooled WMD = −0.27 mmol/L; 95%CI: −0.35 to −0.20 mmol/L). Furthermore, beta-glucan consumption did not show significant effects on TG (pooled WMD = −0.04 mmol/L; 95%CI: −0.13 to 0.05 mmol/L), HDL-c (pooled WMD = 0.00 mmol/L; 95%CI: −0.05 to 0.05 mmol/L). Subgroup analysis indicated that critical factors, such as disease severity of participants, the daily intervention of oat beta-glucan, source of oat beta-glucan, and duration of intervention had impacts on outcomes. (4) Conclusions: oat beta-glucan intake may significantly decrease the level of TC and LDL-c while no significant changes in TG and HDL-c were observed. This meta-analysis supports the health benefits of oat beta-glucan, especially for its cholesterol-lowering features, although it has some inevitable limitations.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6643
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/nu14102043
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518386-2
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A Polysaccharide Isolated from Codonopsis pilosula with Immunomodulation Effects Both In Vitro and In Vivo
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Molecules Vol. 24, No. 20 ( 2019-10-09), p. 3632-
    Details
    In: Molecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 24, No. 20 ( 2019-10-09), p. 3632-
    Abstract: In this study, an acidic polysaccharide from Codonopsis pilosula Nannf. var. modesta (Nannf.) L. T. Shen (WCP-I) and its main fragment, WCP-Ia, obtained after pectinase digestion, were structurally elucidated and found to consist of a rhamnogalacturonan I (RG-I) region containing both arabinogalactan type I (AG-I) and type II (AG-II) as sidechains. They both expressed immunomodulating activity against Peyer’s patch cells. Endo-1,4-β-galactanase degradation gave a decrease of interleukine 6 (IL-6) production compared with native WCP-I and WCP-Ia, but exo-α-l-arabinofuranosidase digestion showed no changes in activity. This demonstrated that the stimulation activity partly disappeared with removal of β-d-(1→4)-galactan chains, proving that the AG-I side chain plays an important role in immunoregulation activity. WCP-Ia had a better promotion effect than WCP-I in vivo, shown through an increased spleen index, higher concentrations of IL-6, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in serum, and a slight increment in the secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) and CD4+/CD8+ T lymphocyte ratio. These results suggest that β-d-(1→4)-galactan-containing chains in WCP-I play an essential role in the expression of immunomodulating activity. Combining all the results in this and previous studies, the intestinal immune system might be the target site of WCP-Ia.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1420-3049
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/molecules24203632
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008644-1
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Genomic and Phenotypic Insights into the Potential of Bacillus subtilis YB-15 Isolated from Rhizosphere to Biocontrol against Crown Rot and Promote Growth of Wheat
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Biology Vol. 11, No. 5 ( 2022-05-20), p. 778-
    Details
    In: Biology, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 5 ( 2022-05-20), p. 778-
    Abstract: Fusarium crown rot caused by Fusarium pseudograminearum is one of the most devastating diseases of wheat worldwide causing major yield and economic losses. In this study, strain YB-15 was isolated from soil of wheat rhizosphere and classified as Bacillus subtilis by average nucleotide identity analysis. It significantly reduced Fusarium crown rot with a control efficacy of 81.50% and significantly improved the growth of wheat seedlings by increasing root and shoot fresh weight by 11.4% and 4.2%, respectively. Reduced Fusarium crown rot may have been due to direct antagonism by the production of β-1, 3-glucanase, amylase, protease and cellulase, or by the ability of B. subtilis YB-15 to induce defense-related enzyme activities of wheat seedlings, both alone and in seedlings infected with F. pseudograminearum. Improved plant growth may be related to the ability of B. subtilis YB-15 to secrete indole acetic acid and siderophores, as well as to solubilize phosphorus. In addition, the genome of strain YB-15 was determined, resulting in a complete assembled circular genome of 4,233,040 bp with GC content of 43.52% consisting of 4207 protein-encoding genes. Sequencing the B. subtilis YB-15 genome further revealed genes for encoding carbohydrate-active enzymes, biosynthesis of various secondary metabolites, nutrient acquisition, phytohormone production, chemotaxis and motility, which could explain the potential of strain YB-15 to be plant growth-promoting bacteria and biological control agent. B. subtilis YB-15 appears to be a promising biocontrol agent against Fusarium crown rot as well as for wheat growth promotion.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2079-7737
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/biology11050778
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2661517-4
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Transcriptomic Analysis of Seasonal Gene Expression and Regulation during Xylem Development in “Shanxin” Hybrid Poplar (Populus davidiana × Populus bolleana)
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Forests Vol. 12, No. 4 ( 2021-04-09), p. 451-
    Details
    In: Forests, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 4 ( 2021-04-09), p. 451-
    Abstract: Xylem development is a key process for wood formation in woody plants. To study the molecular regulatory mechanisms related to xylem development in hybrid poplar P. davidiana × P. bolleana, transcriptome analyses were conducted on developing xylem at six different growth stages within a single growing season. Xylem development and differentially expressed genes in the six time points were selected for a regulatory analysis. Xylem development was observed in stem sections at different growth stages, which showed that xylem development extended from the middle of April to early August and included cell expansion and secondary cell wall biosynthesis. An RNA-seq analysis of six samples with three replicates was performed. After transcriptome assembly and annotation, the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, and a Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis and expression analysis of the DEGs were performed on each sample. On average, we obtained 〉 20 million clean reads per sample, which were assembled into 84,733 nonredundant transcripts, of which there were 17,603 unigenes with lengths 〉 1 kb. There were 14,890 genes that were differentially expressed among the six stages. The upregulated DEGs were enriched in GO terms related to cell wall biosynthesis between S1 vs. S2 or S3 vs. S4 and, in GO terms, related to phytohormones in the S1 vs. S2 or S4 vs. S5 comparisons. The downregulated DEGs were enriched in GO terms related to cell wall biosynthesis between S4 vs. S5 or S5 vs. S6 and, in GO terms, related to hormones between S1 vs. S2 or S2 vs. S3. The KEGG pathways in the DEGs related to “phenylpropanoid biosynthesis”, “plant hormone signal transduction” and “starch and sucrose metabolism” were significantly enriched among the different stages. The DEGs related to cell expansion, polysaccharide metabolism and synthesis, lignin synthesis, transcription factors and hormones were identified. The identification of genes involved in the regulation of xylem development will increase our understanding of the molecular regulation of wood formation in trees and, also, offers potential targets for genetic manipulation to improve the properties of wood.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1999-4907
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/f12040451
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527081-3
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    SOCS3-Mediated Blockade Reveals Major Contribution of JAK2/STAT5 Signaling Pathway to Lactation and Proliferation of Dairy Cow Mammary Epithelial Cells in Vitro
    MDPI AG ; 2013
    In:  Molecules Vol. 18, No. 10 ( 2013-10-17), p. 12987-13002
    Details
    In: Molecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 18, No. 10 ( 2013-10-17), p. 12987-13002
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1420-3049
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/molecules181012987
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2013
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008644-1
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Electrical Resistance Prediction for Functionalized Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes/Epoxy Resin Composite Gasket under Thermal Creep Conditions
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Materials Vol. 12, No. 17 ( 2019-08-23), p. 2704-
    Details
    In: Materials, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 17 ( 2019-08-23), p. 2704-
    Abstract: Carbon nanotube-based conductive polymer composites (CPC) showed great potentials for self-sensing and in situ structural health monitoring systems. Prediction of the long-term performance for such materials would be a meaningful topic for engineering design. In this work, the changing behavior of the long-term resistance of a multi-walled carbon nanotubes/epoxy resin composite gasket was studied under different temperature and loading conditions. Glass transition strongly influenced the resistance behavior of the composite during the thermal creep process. Similar to classical Kelvin–Voigt creep model, a model considering both the destruction and recovery processes of the conductive network inside the CPC was established. The long-term resistance variation can be predicted based on the model, and the results provided here may serve as a useful guide for further design of smart engineering structural health monitoring systems.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1996-1944
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ma12172704
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2487261-1
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Stretchable Strain Sensor for Human Motion Monitoring Based on an Intertwined-Coil Configuration
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Nanomaterials Vol. 10, No. 10 ( 2020-10-07), p. 1980-
    Details
    In: Nanomaterials, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 10 ( 2020-10-07), p. 1980-
    Abstract: Wearable electronics, such as sensors, actuators, and supercapacitors, have attracted broad interest owing to their promising applications. Nevertheless, practical problems involving their sensitivity and stretchability remain as challenges. In this work, efforts were devoted to fabricating a highly stretchable and sensitive strain sensor based on dip-coating of graphene onto an electrospun thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) nanofibrous membrane, followed by spinning of the TPU/graphene nanomembrane into an intertwined-coil configuration. Owing to the intertwined-coil configuration and the synergy of the two structures (nanoscale fiber gap and microscale twisting of the fiber gap), the conductive strain sensor showed a stretchability of 1100%. The self-inter-locking of the sensor prevents the coils from uncoiling. Thanks to the intertwined-coil configuration, most of the fibers were wrapped into the coils in the configuration, thus avoiding the falling off of graphene. This special configuration also endowed our strain sensor with an ability of recovery under a strain of 400%, which is higher than the stretching limit of knees and elbows in human motion. The strain sensor detected not only subtle movements (such as perceiving a pulse and identifying spoken words), but also large movements (such as recognizing the motion of fingers, wrists, knees, etc.), showing promising application potential to perform as flexible strain sensors.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2079-4991
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/nano10101980
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662255-5
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Polysaccharides from Codonopsis pilosula Modulates the Immunity and Intestinal Microbiota of Cyclophosphamide-Treated Immunosuppressed Mice
    MDPI AG ; 2018
    In:  Molecules Vol. 23, No. 7 ( 2018-07-20), p. 1801-
    Details
    In: Molecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 23, No. 7 ( 2018-07-20), p. 1801-
    Abstract: Based on previous studies about microflora regulation and immunity enhancement activities of polysaccharides from Codonopsis pilosula Nannf. var. modesta (Nannf.) L. T. Shen (CPP), there is little study on intestinal mucosal immunity, which is a possible medium for contacting microflora and immunity. In the present study, the BALB/c mice were divided into five groups (eight mice in each group), including a normal group (Con), a model control group (Model), and model groups that were administered CPP (50, 100, 200 mg/kg/d) orally each day for seven days after intraperitoneal injection of 60 mg/kg BW/d cyclophosphamide (CP) for three days. CPP recovered the spleen index and restored the levels of IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-10, as well as serum IgG. In addition, it elevated ileum secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA), the number of Lactobacillus and acetic acid content in cecum. These results indicated that CPP plays an important role in the protection against immunosuppression, especially mucosa immune damage, and the inhibition of pathogenic bacteria colonization, which could be considered a potential natural source of immunoregulator.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1420-3049
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/molecules23071801
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008644-1
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    NRF2 Deficiency Attenuates Diabetic Kidney Disease in Db/Db Mice via Down-Regulation of Angiotensinogen, SGLT2, CD36, and FABP4 Expression and Lipid Accumulation in Renal Proximal Tubular Cells
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Antioxidants Vol. 12, No. 9 ( 2023-09-04), p. 1715-
    Details
    In: Antioxidants, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 9 ( 2023-09-04), p. 1715-
    Abstract: The role(s) of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) in diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is/are controversial. We hypothesized that Nrf2 deficiency in type 2 diabetes (T2D) db/db mice (db/dbNrf2 knockout (KO)) attenuates DKD progression through the down-regulation of angiotensinogen (AGT), sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2), scavenger receptor CD36, and fatty -acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4), and lipid accumulation in renal proximal tubular cells (RPTCs). Db/dbNrf2 KO mice were studied at 16 weeks of age. Human RPTCs (HK2) with NRF2 KO via CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing and kidneys from patients with or without T2D were examined. Compared with db/db mice, db/dbNrf2 KO mice had lower systolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, kidney hypertrophy, glomerular filtration rate, urinary albumin/creatinine ratio, tubular lipid droplet accumulation, and decreased expression of AGT, SGLT2, CD36, and FABP4 in RPTCs. Male and female mice had similar results. NRF2 KO attenuated the stimulatory effect of the Nrf2 activator, oltipraz, on AGT, SGLT2, and CD36 expression and high-glucose/free fatty acid (FFA)-stimulated lipid accumulation in HK2. Kidneys from T2D patients exhibited markedly higher levels of CD36 and FABP4 in RPTCs than kidneys from non-diabetic patients. These data suggest that NRF2 exacerbates DKD through the stimulation of AGT, SGLT2, CD36, and FABP4 expression and lipid accumulation in RPTCs of T2D.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-3921
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/antiox12091715
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704216-9
    SSG: 15,3
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  • 10
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    Steroids from the Deep-Sea-Derived Fungus Penicillium granulatum MCCC 3A00475 Induced Apoptosis via Retinoid X Receptor (RXR)-α Pathway
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Marine Drugs Vol. 17, No. 3 ( 2019-03-19), p. 178-
    Details
    In: Marine Drugs, MDPI AG, Vol. 17, No. 3 ( 2019-03-19), p. 178-
    Abstract: Five new ergostanes, penicisteroids D−H (1−5), were isolated from the liquid culture of the deep-sea-derived fungus Penicillium granulatum MCCC 3A00475, along with 27 known compounds. The structures of the new steroids were established mainly on the basis of extensive analysis of 1D and 2D NMR as well as HRESIMS data. Moreover, the absolute configurations of 1 were confirmed unambiguously by the single-crystal X-ray crystallography. Compounds 2 and 4–7 showed moderate antiproliferative effects selectively against 12 different cancer cell lines with IC50 values of around 5 μM. Compounds 2 and 6, potent RXRα binders with Kd values of 13.8 and 12.9 μM, respectively, could induce apoptosis by a Retinoid X Receptor (RXR)-α-dependent mechanism by regulating RXRα transcriptional expression and promoting the poly-ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) cleavage. Moreover, they could inhibit proliferation by cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1660-3397
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/md17030178
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2175190-0
    SSG: 15,3
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