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  • MDPI AG  (35)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    An Activatable Nanoscintillator Probe for Detecting Telomerase Activity and Screening Inhibitors In Vivo
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Targets Vol. 1, No. 1 ( 2023-06-14), p. 34-47
    Details
    In: Targets, MDPI AG, Vol. 1, No. 1 ( 2023-06-14), p. 34-47
    Abstract: Telomerase represents an essential molecular machinery for tumor occurrence and progression and a potential therapeutic target for cancer treatment. Sensitive and reliable analysis of telomerase activity is of significant importance for the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. In this study, we developed a telomerase-activated nanoscintillator probe for deep-tissue and background-free imaging of telomerase activity and screening telomerase inhibitors in tumor-bearing living mice models. The probe was constructed by modifying lanthanide-doped nanoscintillators with aptamer-containing DNA anchor strands which hybridized with quencher labelled–oligonucleotide strands and telomerase primers. The X-ray-induced fluorescence of the probe was quenched originally but turned on upon telomerase-catalyzed extension of the primer. Benefiting from exceptional tissue penetrating properties and negligible autofluorescence of X-ray excitation, this probe enabled direct detection of telomerase activity in vivo via fluorescence imaging. Furthermore, with the direct, readable fluorescent signals, the probe enabled the screening of telomerase inhibitors in living cells and whole-animal models in the native states of telomerase. This strategy would inspire the development of low autofluorescence and deep tissue bioimaging probes for disease diagnosis and drug development in high-level living settings.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2813-3137
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/targets1010004
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Study on the Dynamic Splitting Mechanical Properties of Annular Sandstone Specimens with Temperature–Water Coupling in a Coal Mine
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Applied Sciences Vol. 12, No. 9 ( 2022-05-03), p. 4608-
    Details
    In: Applied Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 9 ( 2022-05-03), p. 4608-
    Abstract: With the gradual deepening of mine excavation depth, the strong disturbance of deep strata becomes more and more obvious. Rock’s failure under blasting mainly depends on its dynamic tensile strength. The changes in rock’s dynamic properties are obviously affected by temperature and water. In order to study the dynamic tensile properties of annular sandstone specimens under the influence of temperature and water, deep sandstone was drilled, followed by water bath tests at eight temperatures (25~95 °C). It can be seen from the analysis of test results that the mass and volume growth rates of the annular and the intact sandstone specimens first increased and then decreased, while the density growth rate first decreased and then increased. The mass and volume growth rates of the annular sandstone specimens were smaller, but the density growth rate was larger. Because of the increase in water temperature, the dynamic compressive strength first increased and then decreased. The dynamic tensile strength of the annular sandstone specimen was lower. The average strain rate and peak strain also showed a quadratic function relationship of first decreasing and then increasing with the increase in water temperature. The average strain rate of the annular sandstone specimen was smaller, but the peak value changed greatly. The Brazilian disc validity condition is applicable to two failure conditions of sandstone specimens. Through XRD and SEM analysis, we found that the changes in the dynamic properties of sandstone specimens were not due to their own material composition, but to the damage to their structure caused by the temperature–water coupling effect.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-3417
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/app12094608
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704225-X
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of bZIP Family Genes in Stevia rebaudiana
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Genes Vol. 14, No. 10 ( 2023-10-09), p. 1918-
    Details
    In: Genes, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 10 ( 2023-10-09), p. 1918-
    Abstract: The basic (region) leucine zippers (bZIPs) are evolutionarily conserved transcription factors widely distributed in eukaryotic organisms. In plants, they are not only involved in growth and development, defense and stress responses and regulation of physiological processes but also play a pivotal role in regulating secondary metabolism. To explore the function related to the bZIP gene family in Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni, we identified 105 SrbZIP genes at the genome-wide level and classified them into 12 subfamilies using bioinformation methods. Three main classes of cis-acting elements were found in the SrbZIP promoter regions, including development-related elements, defense and stress-responsive elements and phytohormone-responsive elements. Through protein–protein interaction network of 105 SrbZIP proteins, SrbZIP proteins were mainly classified into four major categories: ABF2/ABF4/ABI5 (SrbZIP51/SrbZIP38/SrbZIP7), involved in phytohormone signaling, GBF1/GBF3/GBF4 (SrbZIP29/SrbZIP63/SrbZIP60) involved in environmental signaling, AREB3 (SrbZIP88), PAN (SrbZIP12), TGA1 (SrbZIP69), TGA4 (SrbZIP82), TGA7 (SrbZIP31), TGA9 (SrbZIP95), TGA10 (SrbZIP79) and HY5 (SrbZIP96) involved in cryptochrome signaling, and FD (SrbZIP72) promoted flowering. The transcriptomic data showed that SrbZIP genes were differentially expressed in six S. rebaudiana cultivars (‘023’, ‘110’, ‘B1188’, ‘11-14’, ‘GP’ and ‘GX’). Moreover, the expression levels of selected 15 SrbZIP genes in response to light, abiotic stress (low temperature, salt and drought), phytohormones (methyl jasmonate, gibberellic acid and salicylic acid) treatment and in different tissues were analyzed utilizing qRT-PCR. Some SrbZIP genes were further identified to be highly induced by factors affecting glycoside synthesis. Among them, three SrbZIP genes (SrbZIP54, SrbZIP63 and SrbZIP32) were predicted to be related to stress-responsive terpenoid synthesis in S. rebaudiana. The protein–protein interaction network expanded the potential functions of SrbZIP genes. This study firstly provided the comprehensive genome-wide report of the SrbZIP gene family, laying a foundation for further research on the evolution, function and regulatory role of the bZIP gene family in terpenoid synthesis in S. rebaudiana.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4425
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/genes14101918
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527218-4
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  • 4
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    Online Resource
    Me-Better Drug Design Based on Nevirapine and Mechanism of Molecular Interactions with Y188C Mutant HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Molecules Vol. 27, No. 21 ( 2022-10-29), p. 7348-
    Details
    In: Molecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 27, No. 21 ( 2022-10-29), p. 7348-
    Abstract: In this paper, the Y188C mutant HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (Y188CM-RT) target protein was constructed by homology modeling, and new ligands based on nevirapine (NVP) skeleton were designed by means of fragment growth. The binding activity of new ligands to Y188CM-RT was evaluated by structural analysis, ADMET prediction, molecular docking, energy calculation and molecular dynamics. Results show that 10 new ligands had good absorbability, and their binding energies to Y188CM-RT were significantly higher than those of wild-type HIV-1 reverse transcriptase(wt). The binding mode explained that fragment growth contributed to larger ligands, leading to improved suitability at the docking pocket. In the way of fragment growth, the larger side chain with extensive contact at terminal is obviously better than substituted benzene ring. The enhancement of docking activity is mainly due to the new fragments such as alkyl chains and rings with amino groups at NVP terminal, resulting in a large increase in hydrophobic bonding and the new addition of hydrogen bonding or salt bonding. This study is expected to provide reference for the research on non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors resistance and AIDS treatment.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1420-3049
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/molecules27217348
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008644-1
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  • 5
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    Online Resource
    Analysis of Dynamic Mechanical Properties and Energy Consumption of Fractured Sandstone under Dynamic–Static Combination Conditions
    MDPI AG ; 2024
    In:  Applied Sciences Vol. 14, No. 6 ( 2024-03-11), p. 2359-
    Details
    In: Applied Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 6 ( 2024-03-11), p. 2359-
    Abstract: Under dynamic loads, such as blasting, excavation, or quarrying, rocks with fissures are the first to sustain damage, leading to instability in the engineering rock mass. To investigate the kinetic properties of fractured rocks, fractured coal mine sandstone specimens underwent impact compression tests using a dynamic–static combination SHPB (split Hopkinson pressure bar) test device at different loading rates under combined dynamic and static conditions. The damage characteristics of the specimens were analyzed from an energy point of view. The results show that under the dynamic and static combined condition, when five impact loading air pressures are used for loading at different impact rates, the trends of the dynamic stress–strain curves of prefabricated fissured rock samples under various impact pressures were discovered to be similar and were mainly categorized into three main stages of elasticity, yield, and destruction; the specimen’s dynamic compressive strength increases according to a power function relationship; as the average strain rate increases, the dynamic strain increases linearly and the dynamic modulus of elasticity increases in a quadratic relationship, all of which show a significant strain rate effect. The incident energy is a power function of the loading rate. The reflected, transmitted, and absorbed energies by the sample increase with the incident energy. The degree of the sandstone specimen fragmentation gradually grows with increasing impact loading rate and incident energy, as evidenced by a decrease in the scale of the fragments. The absorbed energy in the sample is mainly used for the deformation damage of the rock, and the more intense the fragmentation of the specimen, the more absorbed energy is required.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-3417
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/app14062359
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2024
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704225-X
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Co-Crystals of Resveratrol and Polydatin with L-Proline: Crystal Structures, Dissolution Properties, and In Vitro Cytotoxicities
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Molecules Vol. 26, No. 18 ( 2021-09-21), p. 5722-
    Details
    In: Molecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 26, No. 18 ( 2021-09-21), p. 5722-
    Abstract: Resveratrol (RSV) and polydatin (PD) have been widely used to treat several chronic diseases, such as atherosclerosis, pulmonary fibrosis, and diabetes, among several others. However, their low solubility hinders their further applications. In this work, we show that the solubility of PD can be boosted via its co-crystallization with L-proline (L-Pro). Two different phases of co-crystals, namely the RSV-L-Pro (RSV:L-Pro = 1:2) and PD-L-Pro (PD:L-Pro = 1: 3), have been prepared and characterized. As compared to the pristine RSV and PD, the solubility and dissolution rates of PD-L-Pro in water (pH 7.0) exhibited a 15.8% increase, whereas those of RSV-L-Pro exhibited a 13.8% decrease. A 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay of pristine RSV, PD, RSV-L-Pro, and PD-L-Pro against lung cancer cell line A549 and human embryonic kidney cell line HEK-293 indicated that both compounds showed obvious cytotoxicity against A549, but significantly reduced cytotoxicity against HEK-293, with PD/PD-L-Pro further exhibiting better biological safety than that of RSV/RSV-L-Pro. This work demonstrated that the readily available and biocompatible L-Pro can be a promising adjuvant to optimize the physical and chemical properties of RSV and PD to improve their pharmacokinetics.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1420-3049
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/molecules26185722
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008644-1
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  • 7
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    Temperature-Dependent Photoluminescence of Manganese Halide with Tetrahedron Structure in Anti-Perovskites
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Nanomaterials Vol. 11, No. 12 ( 2021-12-06), p. 3310-
    Details
    In: Nanomaterials, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 12 ( 2021-12-06), p. 3310-
    Abstract: The temperature-dependent photoluminescence (PL) properties of an anti-perovskite [MnBr4]BrCs3 sample in the temperature range of 78–500 K are studied in the present work. This material exhibits unique performance which is different from a typical perovskite. Experiments showed that from room temperature to 78 K, the luminous intensity increased as the temperature decreased. From room temperature to 500 K, the photoluminescence intensity gradually decreased with increasing temperature. Experiments with varying temperatures repeatedly showed that the emission wavelength was very stable. Based on the above-mentioned phenomenon of the changing photoluminescence under different temperatures, the mechanism is deduced from the temperature-dependent characteristics of excitons, and the experimental results are explained on the basis of the types of excitons with different energy levels and different recombination rates involved in the steady-state PL process. The results show that in the measured temperature range of 78–500 K, the steady-state PL of [MnBr4] BrCs3 had three excitons with different energy levels and recombination rates participating. The involved excitons with the highest energy level not only had a high radiative recombination rate, but a high non-radiative recombination rate as well. The excitons at the second-highest energy level had a similar radiative recombination rate to the lowest energy level excitons and a had high non-radiative recombination rate. These excitons made the photoluminescence gradually decrease with increasing temperature. This may be the reason for this material’s high photoluminescence efficiency and low electroluminescence efficiency.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2079-4991
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/nano11123310
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662255-5
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  • 8
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    Online Resource
    The Origin of Capsid-Derived Immune Complexes and Their Impact on HBV-Induced Liver Diseases
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Viruses Vol. 14, No. 12 ( 2022-12-12), p. 2766-
    Details
    In: Viruses, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 12 ( 2022-12-12), p. 2766-
    Abstract: Over 240 million people worldwide are chronically infected with Hepatitis B Virus (HBV), a hepatotropic DNA virus with an evolutionary root of over 400 million years. Persistent HBV infection exhibits distinct and diverse phases of disease, from minimal liver pathology to fulminant Hepatitis, that vary in duration and severity among individuals. Although huge progress has been made in HBV research which has yielded an effective prophylactic vaccine and potent antiviral therapy, our understanding of its virology and immunobiology is still far from complete. For example, the recent re-discovery of serum HBV RNA in chronic Hepatitis B (CHB) patients has led to the proposal of noncanonical viral particles such as RNA virion and capsid-derived immune complex (Capsid-Antibody-Complexes, CACs) that contradict long-established basic theory. Furthermore, the existence of capsid-derived immune complex may hint at novel mechanism of HBV-induced liver disease. Here, we summarize the past and recent literature on HBV-induced immune complex. We propose that the release of capsid-derived particles by HBV has its deep evolutionary origin, and the associated complement activation serves as an indispensable trigger for intrahepatic damage and a catalyst for further cell-mediated immunopathology.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1999-4915
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/v14122766
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2516098-9
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  • 9
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    Online Resource
    Ectopic Expressions of the GhLETM1 Gene Reveal Sensitive Dose Effects on Precise Stamen Development and Male Fertility in Cotton
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Genes Vol. 11, No. 7 ( 2020-07-09), p. 772-
    Details
    In: Genes, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 7 ( 2020-07-09), p. 772-
    Abstract: The homologous leucine zipper/EF-hand-containing transmembranes (LETMs) are highly conserved across a broad range of eukaryotic organisms. The LETM functional characteristics involved in biological process have been identified primarily in animals, but little is known about the LETM biological function mode in plants. Based on the results of the current investigation, the GhLETM1 gene crucially affects filament elongation and anther dehiscence of the stamen in cotton. Both excessive and lower expression of the GhLETM1 gene lead to defective stamen development, resulting in shortened filaments and indehiscent anthers with pollen abortion. The results also showed that the phenotype of the shortened filaments was negatively correlated with anther defects in the seesaw model under the ectopic expression of GhLETM1. Moreover, our results notably indicated that the gene requires accurate expression and exhibits a sensitive dose effect for its proper function. This report has important fundamental and practical significance in crop science, and has crucial prospects for genetic engineering of new cytoplasmic male sterility lines and breeding of crop hybrid varieties.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4425
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/genes11070772
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527218-4
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  • 10
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    QTL Mapping of Soybean (Glycine max) Vine Growth Habit Trait
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 24, No. 19 ( 2023-09-30), p. 14770-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 24, No. 19 ( 2023-09-30), p. 14770-
    Abstract: The vine growth habit (VGH) is a notable property of wild soybean plants that also holds a high degree of importance in domestication as it can preclude using these wild cultivars for breeding and improving domesticated soybeans. Here, a bulked segregant analysis (BSA) approach was employed to study the genetic etiology of the VGH in soybean plants by integrating linkage mapping and population sequencing approaches. To develop a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population, the cultivated Zhongdou41 (ZD41) soybean cultivar was bred with ZYD02787, a wild soybean accession. The VGH status of each line in the resultant population was assessed, ultimately leading to the identification of six and nine QTLs from the BSA sequencing of the F4 population and F6-F8 population sequence mapping, respectively. One QTL shared across these analyzed generations was detected on chromosome 19. Three other QTLs detected by BSA-seq were validated and localized to the 90.93 kb, 2.9 Mb, and 602.08 kb regions of chromosomes 6 and 13, harboring 14, 53, and 4 genes, respectively. Three consistent VGH-related QTLs located on chromosomes 2 and 19 were detected in a minimum of three environments, while an additional six loci on chromosomes 2, 10, 13, and 18 were detected in at least two environments via ICIM mapping. Of all the detected loci, five had been reported previously whereas seven represent novel QTLs. Together, these data offer new insights into the genetic basis of the VGH in soybean plants, providing a rational basis to inform the use of wild accessions in future breeding efforts.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914770
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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