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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Effect of Combined Application of Chicken Manure and Inorganic Nitrogen Fertilizer on Yield and Quality of Cherry Tomato
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Agronomy Vol. 12, No. 7 ( 2022-06-29), p. 1574-
    Details
    In: Agronomy, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 7 ( 2022-06-29), p. 1574-
    Abstract: Unreasonable application of inorganic nitrogen (N) fertilizer on cherry tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme) has resulted in serious environmental threats. The advantages of application of organic manure combined with inorganic N fertilizer for vegetable production systems have been reported widely, but there are still few studies on cherry tomato production. Therefore, this study aims to determine the impact of a combined application of organic manure (in form of chicken manure at different application rate of 0 and 40 t ha−1) with inorganic N fertilizer (in form of urea at various N application rates of 0, 160 and 320 kg N ha−1) on the fruit yield and quality of cherry tomato across two seasons. Results showed that inorganic N application exhibited positive effects on fruit yield and its associated components of cherry tomato. However, there was no significant difference in terms of fruit yield and its associated components between the two N rates of inorganic N (160 and 320 kg N ha−1), indicating that fruit yield is not improved significantly when the N application rate exceeds some threshold. Under chicken manure application treatments, however, an increased N rate did not show a positive effect on fruit yield. Importantly, chicken manure application has greatly increased fruit yield and fruit quality (represented by membership function indicator) by 43% and 23%, respectively in comparison with zero manure application. In particular, the soluble protein and titratable acid were increased by 124% and 118%, respectively. Overall, these results suggested that chemical N fertilizers could be largely replaced with chicken manure. Furthermore, the combined application of organic with inorganic N fertilizers seems to be a promising management practice for reducing the reliance on use of inorganic N fertilizer, while mitigating the environmental burden for cherry tomato production.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4395
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/agronomy12071574
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2607043-1
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  • 2
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    Online Resource
    Screening of the Acaricidal Activity of Essential Oils against Panonychus citri (McGregor) (Acari: Tetranychidae)
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Agronomy Vol. 13, No. 2 ( 2023-01-29), p. 397-
    Details
    In: Agronomy, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 2 ( 2023-01-29), p. 397-
    Abstract: The citrus red mite, Panonychus citri (McGregor), is an important pest of citrus in China, where pesticides are commonly used in citrus orchards. In order to reduce the use of chemical pesticides against P. citri and the development of resistance, the screening of biological control agents has attracted the attention of students. In this study, seven plant essential oils with high toxicity were selected from 40 plant essential oils by the leaf-dip bioassay, including plant essential oils of lemongrass, patchouli, juniper berry, sage, clove, frankincense, and citrus. The LC50 after 72 h treatment were 3.198 μL/mL, 8.312 μL/mL, 3.244 μL/mL, 6.701 μL/mL, 8.350 μL/mL, 21.953 μL/mL, and 8.788 μL/mL, respectively. According to the LT50, the essential oils’ acute toxicity to P. citri from high to low were lemongrass, juniper berry, patchouli, citrus, sage, vetiver, and frankincense essential oils. In general, lemongrass and juniper berry essential oils have the best acaricidal effect and have high application value for the biological control of P. citri, which provides a basis for the development of botanical acaricides.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4395
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/agronomy13020397
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2607043-1
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  • 3
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    Online Resource
    Study on the Work Hardening and Metamorphic Layer Characteristics of Milling Contour Bevel Gears
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Materials Vol. 15, No. 22 ( 2022-11-11), p. 7975-
    Details
    In: Materials, MDPI AG, Vol. 15, No. 22 ( 2022-11-11), p. 7975-
    Abstract: High temperature and strain will occur in the cutting area during dry milling of contour bevel gears, which causes plastic deformation of the workpiece, resulting in changes in the physical properties of the machined surface’s metamorphic layer, reducing the quality of the workpiece’s machined surface. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the properties of the metamorphic layer and the work hardening behavior of the machined surfaces of contour bevel gears. The paper first establishes a single-tooth finite element simulation model for a contour bevel gear and extracts the temperature field, strain field and strain rate at different depths from the machined surface. Then, based on the simulation results, the experiment of milling contour bevel gears is carried out, the microscopic properties of the machined metamorphic layer are studied using XRD diffractometer and ultra-deep field microscopy, and the work hardening behavior of the machined metamorphic layer under different cutting parameters is studied. Finally, the influence of the cutting parameters on the thickness of the metamorphic layer of the machined surface is investigated by scanning electron microscopy. The research results can not only improve the surface quality and machinability of the workpiece, but are also significant for increasing the fatigue strength of the workpiece.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1996-1944
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ma15227975
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2487261-1
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  • 4
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    Online Resource
    Flight Muscle and Wing Mechanical Properties are Involved in Flightlessness of the Domestic Silkmoth, Bombyx mori
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Insects Vol. 11, No. 4 ( 2020-04-02), p. 220-
    Details
    In: Insects, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 4 ( 2020-04-02), p. 220-
    Abstract: Flight loss has occurred in many winged insect taxa. The flightless silkmoth Bombyx mori, is domesticated from the wild silkmoth, Bombyx mandarina, which can fly. In this paper, we studied morphological characteristics attributed to flightlessness in silkmoths. Three domestic flightless B. mori strains and one B. mandarina population were used to compare morphological components of the flight apparatus, including wing characteristics (shape, forewing area, loading, and stiffness), flight muscle (weight, ratio, and microscopic detail) and body mass. Compared with B. mandarina, B. mori strains have a larger body, greater wing loading, more flexible wings and a lower flight muscle ratio. The arrangement in microscopy of dorsal longitudinal flight muscles (DLFMs) of B. mori was irregular. Comparative analysis of the sexes suggests that degeneration of flight muscles and reduction of wing mechanical properties (stiffness) are associated with silkmoth flightlessness. The findings provide important clues for further research of the molecular mechanisms of B. mori flight loss.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2075-4450
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/insects11040220
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662247-6
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  • 5
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    Online Resource
    BeiDou-Based Passive Radar Vessel Target Detection: Method and Experiment via Long-Time Optimized Integration
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Remote Sensing Vol. 13, No. 19 ( 2021-09-30), p. 3933-
    Details
    In: Remote Sensing, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 19 ( 2021-09-30), p. 3933-
    Abstract: The BeiDou navigation satellite system shows its potential for passive radar vessel target detection owing to its global-scale coverage. However, the restrained power budget from BeiDou satellite hampers the detection performance. To solve this limitation, this paper proposes a long-time optimized integration method to obtain an adequate signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). During the long observation time, the range migration, intricate Doppler migration, and noncoherence characteristic bring challenges to the integration processing. In this paper, first, the keystone transform is applied to correct the range walk. Then, considering the noncoherence of the entire echo, the hybrid integration strategy is adopted. To remove the Doppler migration and correct the residual range migration, the long-time integration is modeled as an optimization problem. Finally, the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is applied to solve the optimization problem, after which the target echo over the long observation time is well concentrated, providing a reliable detection performance for the BeiDou-based passive radar. Its effectiveness is shown by the simulated and experimental results.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-4292
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/rs13193933
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2513863-7
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  • 6
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    Mechanical Properties of Cu-GO Composite by Varying GO Mesh Sizes
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Metals Vol. 12, No. 4 ( 2022-03-31), p. 601-
    Details
    In: Metals, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 4 ( 2022-03-31), p. 601-
    Abstract: In this study, the copper-graphene oxide composites were prepared using low sintering temperature to investigate the effect of various mesh sizes of GO on Cu-GO composites. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman were conducted to elaborate the microstructure, diffraction pattern and disorder in the powders as well as bulk composites. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis was also carried out to further study the microstructural analysis of composites at the nano-scale level. By changing the mesh sizes of GO from lower to higher level, the tensile strength and hardness of Cu-GO composites were significantly enhanced due to better mixing of GO with higher mesh size. A fractograph analysis was also examined in detail to investigate the effect of various mesh sizes of GO on Cu-GO.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2075-4701
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/met12040601
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662252-X
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  • 7
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    Online Resource
    High-Carbohydrate Diet Consumption Poses a More Severe Liver Cholesterol Deposition than a High-Fat and High-Calorie Diet in Mice
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 24, No. 19 ( 2023-09-28), p. 14700-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 24, No. 19 ( 2023-09-28), p. 14700-
    Abstract: In the past few decades, many researchers believed that a high-fat and high-calorie diet is the most critical factor leading to metabolic diseases. However, increasing evidence shows a high-carbohydrate and low-fat diet may also be a significant risk factor. It needs a comprehensive evaluation to prove which viewpoint is more persuasive. We systematically compared the effects of high-fat and high-calorie diets and high-carbohydrate and low-fat ones on glycolipid metabolism in mice to evaluate and compare the effects of different dietary patterns on metabolic changes in mice. Sixty 8-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were divided into four groups after acclimatization and 15% (F-15), 25% (F-25), 35% (F-35), and 45% (F-45) of their dietary energy was derived from fat for 24 weeks. The body weight, body-fat percentage, fasting blood glucose, lipid content in the serum, and triglyceride content in the livers of mice showed a significantly positive correlation with dietary oil supplementation. Interestingly, the total cholesterol content in the livers of mice in the F-15 group was significantly higher than that in other groups (p 〈 0.05). Compared with the F-45 group, the mRNA expression of sterol synthesis and absorption-related genes (e.g., Asgr1, mTorc1, Ucp20, Srebp2, Hmgcr, and Ldlr), liver fibrosis-related genes (e.g., Col4a1 and Adamts1) and inflammation-related genes (e.g., Il-1β and Il-6) were significantly higher in the F-15 group. Compared with the F-45 group, the relative abundance of unclassified_f_Lachnospiraceae and Akkermansia was decreased in the F-15 group. While unclassified_f_Lachnospiraceae and Akkermansia are potentially beneficial bacteria, they have the ability to produce short-chain fatty acids and modulate cholesterol metabolism. In addition, the relative abundance of unclassified_f_Lachnospiraceae and Akkermansia was significantly positively correlated with fatty acid transporters expression and negatively correlated with that of cholesteryl acyltransferase 1 and cholesterol synthesis-related genes. In conclusion, our study delineated how a high-fat and high-calorie diet (fat supplied higher than or equal to 35%) induced obesity and hepatic lipid deposition in mice. Although the high-carbohydrate and low-fat diet did not cause weight gain in mice, it induced cholesterol deposition in the liver. The mechanism is mainly through the induction of endogenous synthesis of cholesterol in mice liver through the ASGR1-mTORC1-USP20-HMGCR signaling pathway. The appropriate oil and carbon water ratio (dietary energy supply from fat of 25%) showed the best gluco-lipid metabolic homeostasis in mice.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914700
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Bistatic Forward-Looking SAR Moving Target Detection Method Based on Joint Clutter Cancellation in Echo-Image Domain with Three Receiving Channels
    MDPI AG ; 2018
    In:  Sensors Vol. 18, No. 11 ( 2018-11-08), p. 3835-
    Details
    In: Sensors, MDPI AG, Vol. 18, No. 11 ( 2018-11-08), p. 3835-
    Abstract: In bistatic forward-looking synthetic aperture radar (BFSAR) ground moving target detection (GMTD), the suppression of the strong and heterogeneous ground clutter is one of the most crucial and challenging issues. Due to the bistatic forward-looking mode and long observation time, Doppler ambiguity, range and Doppler cells migration and non-stationary characteristics will exist in clutter receives, which leads to severe performance degradation of the traditional method. Hence, this paper proposes a GMTD method based on joint clutter cancellation in echo-image domain for BFSAR to achieve effective GMTD in heterogeneous BFSAR clutter. First, the pre-filtering and keystone transform are applied to suppress Doppler ambiguity and correct range cell migration, respectively. Then, time-division space-time adaptive clutter cancellation is adopted to suppress clutter at the first time in the echo domain, which can eliminate the effect of the migration of Doppler cells. However, its performance will be severely degraded due to the strong non-stationary characteristic of BFSAR clutter. Finally, adaptive displaced phase center antenna is exploited to suppress the residual non-stationary BFSAR clutter in image domain. Experimental results have shown that the strong non-stationary clutter of BFSAR has been sufficiently suppressed by the proposed method and the SCNR provided is enough to detect a moving target well.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1424-8220
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/s18113835
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2052857-7
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  • 9
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    Online Resource
    CcNAC1 by Transcriptome Analysis Is Involved in Sudan Grass Secondary Cell Wall Formation as a Positive Regulator
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 24, No. 7 ( 2023-03-24), p. 6149-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 24, No. 7 ( 2023-03-24), p. 6149-
    Abstract: Sudan grass is a high-quality forage of sorghum. The degree of lignification of Sudan grass is the main factor affecting its digestibility in ruminants such as cattle and sheep. Almost all lignocellulose in Sudan grass is stored in the secondary cell wall, but the mechanism and synthesis of the secondary cell wall in Sudan grass is still unclear. In order to study the mechanism of secondary cell wall synthesis in Sudan grass, we used an in vitro induction system of Sudan grass secondary cell wall. Through transcriptome sequencing, it was found that the NAC transcription factor CcNAC1 gene was related to the synthesis of the Sudan grass secondary cell wall. This study further generated CcNAC1 overexpression lines of Arabidopsis to study CcNAC1 gene function in secondary cell wall synthesis. It was shown that the overexpression of the CcNAC1 gene can significantly increase lignin content in Arabidopsis lines. Through subcellular localization analysis, CcNAC1 genes could be expressed in the nucleus of a plant. In addition, we used yeast two-hybrid screening to find 26 proteins interacting with CcNAC1. GO and KEGG analysis showed that CcNAC1 relates to the metabolic pathways and biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. In summary, the synthesis of secondary cell wall of Sudan grass can be regulated by CcNAC1.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076149
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
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  • 10
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    Effects of Al-Ti-C Refiner and Forming Processes on the Microstructure and Properties of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu Alloys
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Materials Vol. 15, No. 19 ( 2022-10-07), p. 6960-
    Details
    In: Materials, MDPI AG, Vol. 15, No. 19 ( 2022-10-07), p. 6960-
    Abstract: In this paper, the refinement effect of Al-5Ti-0.2C refiner on Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys was first investigated, and then the effects of three forming processes, i.e., Gravity Casting (GC), Squeeze Casting (SC), and Squeeze Casting after Ultrasonic Treatment (UT-SC), on microstructure and properties of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys were studied. The results show that the refining effect of Al-5Ti-0.2C refiner is obvious; first, the average grain size of the alloy decreases and then increases with the increase in Ti content from 0.15 wt.% to 0.3 wt.%. The optimal amount of added Al-5Ti-0.2C is 0.2 wt.% Ti content. The good refining effect is attributed to the formation of TiC particles and Al3Ti compounds by the refiner, which can all be the nucleus of solidification. The poor refining effect when the Ti content was more than 0.2 wt.% is due to the formation of coarse Al3Ti particles. The results of three forming processes that cast Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys under the addition of Al-5Ti-0.2C with 0.2 wt.% Ti content show that the mechanical properties under the UT-SC process are the best; the tensile strength in the as-cast state reaches 367 MPa, and the elongation is 3.84%. The effect of tiny TiC particles in the refiner on the microstructure and properties of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys is also discussed.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1996-1944
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ma15196960
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2487261-1
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