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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Breakthrough to Non-Vacuum Deposition of Single-Crystal, Ultra-Thin, Homogeneous Nanoparticle Layers: A Better Alternative to Chemical Bath Deposition and Atomic Layer Deposition
    MDPI AG ; 2017
    In:  Nanomaterials Vol. 7, No. 4 ( 2017-04-06), p. 78-
    Details
    In: Nanomaterials, MDPI AG, Vol. 7, No. 4 ( 2017-04-06), p. 78-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2079-4991
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/nano7040078
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662255-5
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Precise Sn-Doping Modulation for Optimizing CdWO4 Nanorod Photoluminescence
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 23, No. 23 ( 2022-12-01), p. 15123-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 23, No. 23 ( 2022-12-01), p. 15123-
    Abstract: The cadmium tungstate rods have been given much attention due to their potential for usage in numerous luminescent applications. We have prepared single crystalline Sn-doped Cd1−xSnxWO4 (where x = 0, 1, 3, and 5%) nanorods (NRDs) and characterized them using refined X-ray diffraction and TEM analysis, revealing a monoclinic phase and a crystallite size that decreased from 62 to 38 nm as Sn concentration increased. Precise Sn doping modulation in CdWO4 NRDs causes surface recombination of electrons and holes, which causes the PL intensity to decrease as the Sn content rises. The chromaticity diagram shows that an increase in the Sn content caused a change in the emission color from sky blue to light green, which was attributed to the increased defect density. The photoluminescence time decay curve of all samples fit well with double-order exponential decay, and the average decay lifetime was found to be 1.11, 0.93, and 1.16 ns for Cd1−xSnxWO4, x = 0, 1, and 5%, respectively. This work provides an understanding of the behavior of Sn-doped CdWO4 NRDs during electron transitions and the physical nature of emission that could be used in bio-imaging, light sources, displays, and other applications.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315123
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Effects of Drainage on Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Yields of Lowland Rice—Wheat Rotation System in East China
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Agronomy Vol. 12, No. 8 ( 2022-08-17), p. 1932-
    Details
    In: Agronomy, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 8 ( 2022-08-17), p. 1932-
    Abstract: The subtropical region of East China is characterized by abundant water and temperature resources conducive to crop cultivation, and large areas of lowland have been widely used for agricultural planting. The objectives of the study were to explore feasible methods of greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction for rice–wheat rotation systems and to explain the mechanism underlying the effect of drainage on GHG reduction. Shallow ditch (SD) and deep ditch (DD) treatments in the wheat season were set up for drainage to control the paddy soil water content, with conventional non-ditching as the control group (CG). CH4 and N2O emission fluxes were continuously measured, and related soil physical and chemical properties were also measured in this study. The results showed that CH4 emissions from paddy soil accounted for most of the global warming potential (GWP) in the rice–wheat rotation system. Drainage led to a significant reduction in cumulative soil CH4 emissions during the rice and wheat seasons; however, the overall cumulative N2O flux increased significantly. The total GWP produced by SD and DD in the three years was reduced by 58.21% and 54.87%, respectively. The GHG emission intensity (GHGI) of SD and DD declined by 60.13% and 56.40%, respectively. The CH4 emission flux was significantly positively correlated with the 5 cm ground temperature but negatively correlated with the soil redox potential (soil Eh). The drainage decreased the soil water and soil organic matter contents and increased soil pH, which were the mechanisms that reduced the CH4 emissions. The drainage increased the soil nitrogen content, which is the main reason for regulating N2O. The findings indicate that SD and DD not only ensured a stable increase in production but also effectively reduced GHG emissions, and we recommend SD treatment for agricultural production.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4395
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/agronomy12081932
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2607043-1
    SSG: 23
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    CLASH Analyst: A Web Server to Identify In Vivo RNA–RNA Interactions from CLASH Data
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Non-Coding RNA Vol. 8, No. 1 ( 2022-01-12), p. 6-
    Details
    In: Non-Coding RNA, MDPI AG, Vol. 8, No. 1 ( 2022-01-12), p. 6-
    Abstract: Non-coding RNAs, such as miRNAs and piRNAs, play critical roles in gene regulation through base-pairing interactions with their target molecules. The recent development of the crosslinking, ligation, and sequencing of hybrids (CLASH) method has allowed scientists to map transcriptome-wide RNA–RNA interactions by identifying chimeric reads consisting of fragments from regulatory RNAs and their targets. However, analyzing CLASH data requires scientists to use advanced bioinformatics, and currently available tools are limited for users with little bioinformatic experience. In addition, many published CLASH studies do not show the full scope of RNA–RNA interactions that were captured, highlighting the importance of reanalyzing published data. Here, we present CLASH Analyst, a web server that can analyze raw CLASH data within a fully customizable and easy-to-use interface. CLASH Analyst accepts raw CLASH data as input and identifies the RNA chimeras containing the regulatory and target RNAs according to the user’s interest. Detailed annotation of the captured RNA–RNA interactions is then presented for the user to visualize within the server or download for further analysis. We demonstrate that CLASH Analyst can identify miRNA- and piRNA-targeting sites reported from published CLASH data and should be applicable to analyze other RNA–RNA interactions. CLASH Analyst is freely available for academic use.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2311-553X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ncrna8010006
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2813993-8
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Using a 3D Navigation Template to Increase the Accuracy of Thoracic Pedicle Screws in Patients with Scoliosis
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Bioengineering Vol. 10, No. 7 ( 2023-06-25), p. 756-
    Details
    In: Bioengineering, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 7 ( 2023-06-25), p. 756-
    Abstract: This study compares the accuracy and safety of pedicle screw placement using a 3D navigation template with the free-hand fluoroscopy technique in scoliotic patients. Fifteen scoliotic patients were recruited and divided into a template group (eight cases) and a free-hand group (seven cases). All patients received posterior corrective surgeries, and the pedicle screw was placed using a 3D navigation template or a free-hand technique. After surgery, the positions of the pedicle screws were evaluated using CT. A total of 264 pedicle screws were implanted in 15 patients. Both the two techniques were found to achieve satisfactory safety of screw insertion in scoliotic patients (89.9% vs. 90.5%). In the thoracic region, the 3D navigation template was able to achieve a much higher accuracy of screw than the free-hand technique (75.3% vs. 60.4%). In the two groups, the accuracy rates on the convex side were slightly higher than on the concave side, while no significance was seen. In terms of rotational vertebrae, no significant differences were seen in Grades I or II vertebrae between the two groups. In conclusion, the 3D navigation template technique significantly increased the accuracy of thoracic pedicle screw placement, which held great potential for extensively clinical application.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2306-5354
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10070756
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2746191-9
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Identification, Characterization, and Functional Analysis of Chitin Synthase Genes in Glyphodes pyloalis Walker (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 21, No. 13 ( 2020-06-30), p. 4656-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 21, No. 13 ( 2020-06-30), p. 4656-
    Abstract: Glyphodes pyloalis Walker (G. pyloalis) causes significant damage to mulberry every year, and we currently lack effective and environmentally friendly ways to control the pest. Chitin synthase (CHS) is a critical regulatory enzyme related to chitin biosynthesis, which plays a vital role in the growth and development of insects. The function of CHS in G. pyloalis, however, has not been studied. In this study, two chitin synthase genes (GpCHSA and GpCHSB) were screened from our previously created transcriptome database. The complete coding sequences of the two genes are 5,955 bp and 5,896 bp, respectively. Expression of GpCHSA and GpCHSB could be detected throughout all developmental stages. Relatively high expression levels of GpCHSA occurred in the head and integument and GpCHSB was most highly expressed in the midgut. Moreover, silencing of GpCHSA and GpCHSB using dsRNA reduced expression of downstream chitin metabolism pathway genes and resulted in abnormal development and wings stretching, but did not affect normal pupating of larvae. Furthermore, the inhibitor of chitin synthesis diflubenzuron (DFB) was used to further validate the RNAi result. DFB treatment significantly improved expression of GpCHSA, except GpCHSB, and their downstream genes, and also effected G. Pyloali molting at 48 h (62% mortality rate) and 72 h (90% mortality rate), respectively. These results show that GpCHSA and GpCHSB play critical roles in the development and wing stretching in G. pyloalis adults, indicating that the genes are attractive potential pest control targets.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms21134656
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Three Pairs of New Isopentenyl Dibenzo[b,e]oxepinone Enantiomers from Talaromyces flavus, a Wetland Soil-Derived Fungus
    MDPI AG ; 2016
    In:  Molecules Vol. 21, No. 9 ( 2016-09-07), p. 1184-
    Details
    In: Molecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 21, No. 9 ( 2016-09-07), p. 1184-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1420-3049
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/molecules21091184
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008644-1
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Characterization and Functional Analysis of trehalase Related to Chitin Metabolism in Glyphodes pyloalis Walker (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Insects Vol. 12, No. 4 ( 2021-04-20), p. 370-
    Details
    In: Insects, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 4 ( 2021-04-20), p. 370-
    Abstract: Glyphodes pyloalis Walker (G. pyloalis) is a serious pest on mulberry. Due to the increasing pesticide resistance, the development of new and effective environmental methods to control G. pyloalis is needed. Trehalase is an essential enzyme in trehalose hydrolysis and energy supply, and it has been considered a promising target for insect pest control. However, the specific function of trehalase in G. pyloalis has not been reported. In this study, two trehalase genes (GpTre1 and GpTre2) were identified from our previous transcriptome database. The functions of the trehalase in chitin metabolism were studied by injecting larvae with dsRNAs and trehalase inhibitor, Validamycin A. The open reading frames (ORFs) of GpTre1 and GpTre2 were 1,704 bp and 1,869 bp, which encoded 567 and 622 amino acid residues, respectively. Both of GpTre1 and GpTre2 were mainly expressed in the head and midgut. The highest expression levels of them were in 5th instar during different development stages. Moreover, knockdown both of GpTre1 and GpTre2 by the dsRNAs led to significantly decreased expression of chitin metabolism pathway-related genes, including GpCHSA, GpCDA1, GpCDA2, GpCHT3a, GpCHT7, GpCHSB, GpCHT-h, GpCHT3b, GpPAGM, and GpUAP, and abnormal phenotypes. Furthermore, the trehalase inhibitor, Validamycin A, treatment increased the expressions of GpTre1 and GpTre2, increased content of trehalose, and decreased the levels of glycogen and glucose. Additionally, the inhibitor caused a significantly increased cumulative mortality of G. pyloalis larvae on the 2nd (16%) to 6th (41.3%) day, and decreased the rate of cumulative pupation (72.3%) compared with the control group (95.6%). After the activities of trehalase were suppressed, the expressions of 6 integument chitin metabolism-related genes decreased significantly at 24 h and increased at 48 h. The expressions of GpCHSB and GpCHT-h, involved in chitin metabolism pathway of peritrophic membrane in the midgut, increased at 24 h and 48 h, and there were no changes to GpCHT3b and GpPAGM. These results reveal that GpTre1 and GpTre2 play an essential role in the growth of G. pyloalis by affecting chitin metabolism, and this provides useful information for insect pest control in the future.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2075-4450
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/insects12040370
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662247-6
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Tuning Surface Plasmonic Resonance and Surface Wettability of Au/CrN Films Using Nitrogen-Containing Gas
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Nanomaterials Vol. 12, No. 15 ( 2022-07-27), p. 2575-
    Details
    In: Nanomaterials, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 15 ( 2022-07-27), p. 2575-
    Abstract: The surface plasmonic resonance, surface wettability, and related mechanical nanohardness and of face-centered-cubic (fcc) chromium nitride (CrN) films have been successfully manipulated via the simple method of tuning nitrogen-containing gas with different nitrogen-to-argon ratios, varying from 3.5 (N35), to 4.0 (N40), to 4.5 (N45), which is directly proportional to argon. All of the obtained CrN films showed that the surface wettability was due to hydrophilicity. All of the characteristics were mainly confirmed and explained by using X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns, including plan-view and cross-section SEM images, with calculations of the average grain size performed via histograms accompanied by different preferred grain orientations. In the present work, not only the surface plasmonic resonance, but also the surface wettability and the related mechanical nanohardness of CrN films were found to be tunable via a simple method of introducing adjustable nitrogen-reactive-containing gas during the deposition process, while the authors suggest that the crystal orientation transition from the (111) to the (200) crystalline plane changed significantly with the nitrogen-containing gas. So the transition of the preferred orientation of CrN’s cubic close-packed from (111) to (200) varied at this composite, caused and found by the nitrogen-containing gas, which can be tuned by the nitrogen-to-argon ratio. The surface plasmonic resonance and photoluminescence quenching effects were coupled photon and electron oscillations, which could be observed, and which existed at the interface between the CrN and Au metals in the designed heterostructures.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2079-4991
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/nano12152575
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
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  • 10
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    Online Resource
    WPFD: Active User-Side Detection of Evil Twins
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Applied Sciences Vol. 12, No. 16 ( 2022-08-12), p. 8088-
    Details
    In: Applied Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 16 ( 2022-08-12), p. 8088-
    Abstract: The bothersome evil twin problem has an active user-side remedy in the form of the Wireless Packet Forwarding Detector (WPFD). The evil twin issue can lead to further security problems, including man-in-the-middle (MITM) attacks. Open public Wi-Fi connections have provided potential answers to this issue, although they often need more data that people either cannot get or are too pricey for regular users. The solution that we created does not require these standards. It allows users’ notebooks to be used to check for evil twins. We have succeeded in developing a user-side detection system that can successfully identify the presence of an evil twin. The packet forwarding behavior generated by the evil twin and the TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) protocol are both used by the WPFD. It can identify evil twins without a hitch when we utilize accessible Wi-Fi settings in public spaces or IoT smart homes with unencrypted WLANs (Wireless Local Area Network). However, neither additional data nor a wireless network administrator’s assistance is needed. We compare our work to various publications on popular Rogue Access Points (APs) or IoT (Internet of Things) smart homes. The WPFD does not require any extra setup to install on the host of any end user. According to experimental findings, the WPFD true positive and true negative rates are 100% even when Received Signal Strength Index (RSSI) is 45%.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-3417
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/app12168088
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704225-X
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