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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Effects of Body Tempering on Force Production, Flexibility and Muscle Soreness in Collegiate Football Athletes
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology Vol. 7, No. 1 ( 2022-01-11), p. 9-
    Details
    In: Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology, MDPI AG, Vol. 7, No. 1 ( 2022-01-11), p. 9-
    Abstract: There has been limited research to explore the use of body tempering and when the use of this modality would be most appropriate. This study aimed to determine if a body tempering intervention would be appropriate pre-exercise by examining its effects on perceived soreness, range of motion (ROM), and force production compared to an intervention of traditional stretching. The subjects for this study were ten Division 1 (D1) football linemen from Sacred Heart University (Age: 19.9 ± 1.5 years, body mass: 130.9 ± 12.0 kg, height: 188.4 ± 5.1 cm, training age: 8.0 ± 3.5 years). Subjects participated in three sessions with the first session being baseline testing. The second and third sessions involved the participants being randomized to receive either the body tempering or stretching intervention for the second session and then receiving the other intervention the final week. Soreness using a visual analog scale (VAS), ROM, counter movement jump (CMJ) peak force and jump height, static jump (SJ) peak force and jump height, and isometric mid-thigh pull max force production were assessed. The results of the study concluded that body tempering does not have a negative effect on muscle performance but did practically reduce perceived muscle soreness. Since body tempering is effective at reducing soreness in athletes, it can be recommended for athletes as part of their pre-exercise warmup without negatively effecting isometric or dynamic force production.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2411-5142
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jfmk7010009
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2934583-2
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Probing the Drug Dynamics of Chemotherapeutics Using Metasurface-Enhanced Infrared Reflection Spectroscopy of Live Cells
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Cells Vol. 11, No. 10 ( 2022-05-10), p. 1600-
    Details
    In: Cells, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 10 ( 2022-05-10), p. 1600-
    Abstract: Infrared spectroscopy has drawn considerable interest in biological applications, but the measurement of live cells is impeded by the attenuation of infrared light in water. Metasurface-enhanced infrared reflection spectroscopy (MEIRS) had been shown to mitigate the problem, enhance the cellular infrared signal through surface-enhanced infrared absorption, and encode the cellular vibrational signatures in the reflectance spectrum at the same time. In this study, we used MEIRS to study the dynamic response of live cancer cells to a newly developed chemotherapeutic metal complex with distinct modes of action (MoAs): tricarbonyl rhenium isonitrile polypyridyl (TRIP). MEIRS measurements demonstrated that administering TRIP resulted in long-term (several hours) reduction in protein, lipid, and overall refractive index signals, and in short-term (tens of minutes) increase in these signals, consistent with the induction of endoplasmic reticulum stress. The unique tricarbonyl IR signature of TRIP in the bioorthogonal spectral window was monitored in real time, and was used as an infrared tag to detect the precise drug delivery time that was shown to be closely correlated with the onset of the phenotypic response. These results demonstrate that MEIRS is an effective label-free real-time cellular assay capable of detecting and interpreting the early phenotypic responses of cells to IR-tagged chemotherapeutics.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4409
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/cells11101600
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2661518-6
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Antigenic Characterization of Circulating and Emerging SARS-CoV-2 Variants in the U.S. throughout the Delta to Omicron Waves
    MDPI AG ; 2024
    In:  Vaccines Vol. 12, No. 5 ( 2024-05-07), p. 505-
    Details
    In: Vaccines, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 5 ( 2024-05-07), p. 505-
    Abstract: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has evolved into numerous lineages with unique spike mutations and caused multiple epidemics domestically and globally. Although COVID-19 vaccines are available, new variants with the capacity for immune evasion continue to emerge. To understand and characterize the evolution of circulating SARS-CoV-2 variants in the U.S., the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) initiated the National SARS-CoV-2 Strain Surveillance (NS3) program and has received thousands of SARS-CoV-2 clinical specimens from across the nation as part of a genotype to phenotype characterization process. Focus reduction neutralization with various antisera was used to antigenically characterize 143 SARS-CoV-2 Delta, Mu and Omicron subvariants from selected clinical specimens received between May 2021 and February 2023, representing a total of 59 unique spike protein sequences. BA.4/5 subvariants BU.1, BQ.1.1, CR.1.1, CQ.2 and BA.4/5 + D420N + K444T; BA.2.75 subvariants BM.4.1.1, BA.2.75.2, CV.1; and recombinant Omicron variants XBF, XBB.1, XBB.1.5 showed the greatest escape from neutralizing antibodies when analyzed against post third-dose original monovalent vaccinee sera. Post fourth-dose bivalent vaccinee sera provided better protection against those subvariants, but substantial reductions in neutralization titers were still observed, especially among BA.4/5 subvariants with both an N-terminal domain (NTD) deletion and receptor binding domain (RBD) substitutions K444M + N460K and recombinant Omicron variants. This analysis demonstrated a framework for long-term systematic genotype to antigenic characterization of circulating and emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants in the U.S., which is critical to assessing their potential impact on the effectiveness of current vaccines and antigen recommendations for future updates.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-393X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12050505
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2024
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2703319-3
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    High Throughput Method to Quantify Anterior-Posterior Polarity of T-Cells and Epithelial Cells
    MDPI AG ; 2011
    In:  Viruses Vol. 3, No. 12 ( 2011-11-28), p. 2396-2411
    Details
    In: Viruses, MDPI AG, Vol. 3, No. 12 ( 2011-11-28), p. 2396-2411
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1999-4915
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/v3122396
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2011
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2516098-9
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Therapeutic Hypothermia Attenuates Cortical Interneuron Loss after Cerebral Ischemia in Near-Term Fetal Sheep
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 24, No. 4 ( 2023-02-12), p. 3706-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 24, No. 4 ( 2023-02-12), p. 3706-
    Abstract: Therapeutic hypothermia significantly improves outcomes after neonatal hypoxic-ischemic (HI) encephalopathy but is only partially protective. There is evidence that cortical inhibitory interneuron circuits are particularly vulnerable to HI and that loss of interneurons may be an important contributor to long-term neurological dysfunction in these infants. In the present study, we examined the hypothesis that the duration of hypothermia has differential effects on interneuron survival after HI. Near-term fetal sheep received sham ischemia or cerebral ischemia for 30 min, followed by cerebral hypothermia from 3 h after ischemia end and continued up to 48 h, 72 h, or 120 h recovery. Sheep were euthanized after 7 days for histology. Hypothermia up to 48 h recovery resulted in moderate neuroprotection of glutamate decarboxylase (GAD)+ and parvalbumin+ interneurons but did not improve survival of calbindin+ cells. Hypothermia up to 72 h recovery was associated with significantly increased survival of all three interneuron phenotypes compared with sham controls. By contrast, while hypothermia up to 120 h recovery did not further improve (or impair) GAD+ or parvalbumin+ neuronal survival compared with hypothermia up to 72 h, it was associated with decreased survival of calbindin+ interneurons. Finally, protection of parvalbumin+ and GAD+ interneurons, but not calbindin+ interneurons, with hypothermia was associated with improved recovery of electroencephalographic (EEG) power and frequency by day 7 after HI. The present study demonstrates differential effects of increasing the duration of hypothermia on interneuron survival after HI in near-term fetal sheep. These findings may contribute to the apparent preclinical and clinical lack of benefit of very prolonged hypothermia.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043706
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Non-Invasive Differentiation of Benign Renal Tumors from Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinomas Using Clinically Translatable Hyperpolarized 13C Pyruvate Magnetic Resonance
    MDPI AG ; 2016
    In:  Tomography Vol. 2, No. 1 ( 2016-03-01), p. 35-42
    Details
    In: Tomography, MDPI AG, Vol. 2, No. 1 ( 2016-03-01), p. 35-42
    Abstract: Incidental detection of localized renal tumors at imaging is increasing. Conventional imaging cannot reliably differentiate the 20% of these tumors that are benign from malignant renal cell carcinomas (RCCs), leading to unnecessary surgical resection and resulting morbidity. Here, we investigated hyperpolarized 13C pyruvate metabolism in live patient-derived renal tumor tissue slices using a novel magnetic resonance-compatible bioreactor platform. We show, for the first time, that clear cell RCCs (ccRCCs), which constitute 70%–80% of all RCCs, exhibit increased lactate production and rapid lactate efflux when compared with benign renal tumors. This difference is because of increased lactate dehydrogenase A and monocarboxylate transporter 4 expression in ccRCCs. Thus, RCCs can be differentiated from benign renal tumors by assessing this distinctive metabolic phenotype using clinically translatable hyperpolarized 13C pyruvate magnetic resonance.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2379-139X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.18383/j.tom.2016.00106
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2857000-5
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    IGF-1 Deficiency Rescue and Intracellular Calcium Blockade Improves Survival and Corresponding Mechanisms in a Mouse Model of Acute Kidney Injury
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 21, No. 11 ( 2020-06-08), p. 4095-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 21, No. 11 ( 2020-06-08), p. 4095-
    Abstract: This study was undertaken to test two therapies for acute kidney injury (AKI) prevention, IGF-1, which is renal protective, and BTP-2, which is a calcium entry (SOCE) inhibitor. We utilized lipopolysaccharide (LPS) IP, as a systemic model of AKI and studied in five groups of animals. Three experiments showed that at 7 days: (1) LPS significantly reduced serum IGF-1 and intramuscular IGF-I in vivo gene therapy rescued this deficiency. (2) Next, at the 7-day time point, our combination therapy, compared to the untreated group, caused a significant increase in survival, which was noteworthy because all of the untreated animals died in 72 h. (3) The four pathways associated with inflammation, including (A) increase in cytosolic calcium, (B) elaboration of proinflammatory cytokines, (C) impairment of vascular integrity, and (D) cell injury, were adversely affected in renal tissue by LPS, using a sublethal dose of LPS. The expression of several genes was measured in each of the above pathways. The combined therapy of IGF-1 and BTP-2 caused a favorable gene expression response in all four pathways. Our current study was an AKI study, but these pathways are also involved in other types of severe inflammation, including sepsis, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and probably severe coronavirus infection.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms21114095
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 8
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    Online Resource
    Does One Size Fit All? Variations in the DNA Barcode Gaps of Macrofungal Genera
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Journal of Fungi Vol. 9, No. 8 ( 2023-07-26), p. 788-
    Details
    In: Journal of Fungi, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 8 ( 2023-07-26), p. 788-
    Abstract: The nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (nrITS) region has been widely used in fungal diversity studies. Environmental metabarcoding has increased the importance of the fungal DNA barcode in documenting fungal diversity and distribution. The DNA barcode gap is seen as the difference between intra- and inter-specific pairwise distances in a DNA barcode. The current understanding of the barcode gap in macrofungi is limited, inhibiting the development of best practices in applying the nrITS region toward research on fungal diversity. This study examined the barcode gap using 5146 sequences representing 717 species of macrofungi from eleven genera, eight orders and two phyla in datasets assembled by taxonomic experts. Intra- and inter-specific pairwise distances were measured from sequence and phylogenetic data. The results demonstrate that barcode gaps are influenced by differences in intra- and inter-specific variance in pairwise distances. In terms of DNA barcode behavior, variance is greater in the ITS1 than ITS2, and variance is greater in both relative to the combined nrITS region. Due to the difference in variance, the barcode gaps in the ITS2 region are greater than in the ITS1. Additionally, the taxonomic approach of “splitting” taxa into numerous taxonomic units produces greater barcode gaps when compared to “lumping”. The results show variability in the barcode gaps between fungal taxa, demonstrating a need to understand the accuracy of DNA barcoding in quantifying species richness. For taxonomic studies, variability in nrITS sequence data supports the application of multiple molecular markers to corroborate the taxonomic and systematic delineation of species.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2309-608X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jof9080788
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2784229-0
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