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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Remote Sensing of Geomorphodiversity Linked to Biodiversity—Part III: Traits, Processes and Remote Sensing Characteristics
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Remote Sensing Vol. 14, No. 9 ( 2022-05-09), p. 2279-
    Details
    In: Remote Sensing, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 9 ( 2022-05-09), p. 2279-
    Abstract: Remote sensing (RS) enables a cost-effective, extensive, continuous and standardized monitoring of traits and trait variations of geomorphology and its processes, from the local to the continental scale. To implement and better understand RS techniques and the spectral indicators derived from them in the monitoring of geomorphology, this paper presents a new perspective for the definition and recording of five characteristics of geomorphodiversity with RS, namely: geomorphic genesis diversity, geomorphic trait diversity, geomorphic structural diversity, geomorphic taxonomic diversity, and geomorphic functional diversity. In this respect, geomorphic trait diversity is the cornerstone and is essential for recording the other four characteristics using RS technologies. All five characteristics are discussed in detail in this paper and reinforced with numerous examples from various RS technologies. Methods for classifying the five characteristics of geomorphodiversity using RS, as well as the constraints of monitoring the diversity of geomorphology using RS, are discussed. RS-aided techniques that can be used for monitoring geomorphodiversity in regimes with changing land-use intensity are presented. Further, new approaches of geomorphic traits that enable the monitoring of geomorphodiversity through the valorisation of RS data from multiple missions are discussed as well as the ecosystem integrity approach. Likewise, the approach of monitoring the five characteristics of geomorphodiversity recording with RS is discussed, as are existing approaches for recording spectral geomorhic traits/ trait variation approach and indicators, along with approaches for assessing geomorphodiversity. It is shown that there is no comparable approach with which to define and record the five characteristics of geomorphodiversity using only RS data in the literature. Finally, the importance of the digitization process and the use of data science for research in the field of geomorphology in the 21st century is elucidated and discussed.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-4292
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/rs14092279
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2513863-7
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Linking the Remote Sensing of Geodiversity and Traits Relevant to Biodiversity—Part II: Geomorphology, Terrain and Surfaces
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Remote Sensing Vol. 12, No. 22 ( 2020-11-10), p. 3690-
    Details
    In: Remote Sensing, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 22 ( 2020-11-10), p. 3690-
    Abstract: The status, changes, and disturbances in geomorphological regimes can be regarded as controlling and regulating factors for biodiversity. Therefore, monitoring geomorphology at local, regional, and global scales is not only necessary to conserve geodiversity, but also to preserve biodiversity, as well as to improve biodiversity conservation and ecosystem management. Numerous remote sensing (RS) approaches and platforms have been used in the past to enable a cost-effective, increasingly freely available, comprehensive, repetitive, standardized, and objective monitoring of geomorphological characteristics and their traits. This contribution provides a state-of-the-art review for the RS-based monitoring of these characteristics and traits, by presenting examples of aeolian, fluvial, and coastal landforms. Different examples for monitoring geomorphology as a crucial discipline of geodiversity using RS are provided, discussing the implementation of RS technologies such as LiDAR, RADAR, as well as multi-spectral and hyperspectral sensor technologies. Furthermore, data products and RS technologies that could be used in the future for monitoring geomorphology are introduced. The use of spectral traits (ST) and spectral trait variation (STV) approaches with RS enable the status, changes, and disturbances of geomorphic diversity to be monitored. We focus on the requirements for future geomorphology monitoring specifically aimed at overcoming some key limitations of ecological modeling, namely: the implementation and linking of in-situ, close-range, air- and spaceborne RS technologies, geomorphic traits, and data science approaches as crucial components for a better understanding of the geomorphic impacts on complex ecosystems. This paper aims to impart multidimensional geomorphic information obtained by RS for improved utilization in biodiversity monitoring.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-4292
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/rs12223690
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2513863-7
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Slaughterhouse Wastewater Treatment: A Review on Recycling and Reuse Possibilities
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Water Vol. 13, No. 22 ( 2021-11-10), p. 3175-
    Details
    In: Water, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 22 ( 2021-11-10), p. 3175-
    Abstract: Slaughterhouses produce a large amount of wastewater, therefore, with respect to the increasing water scarcity, slaughterhouse wastewater (SWW) recycling seems to be a desirable goal. The emerging challenges and opportunities for recycling and reuse have been examined here. The selection of a suitable process for SWW recycling is dependent on the characteristics of the wastewater, the available technology, and the legal requirements. SWW recycling is not operated at a large scale up to date, due to local legal sanitary requirements as well as challenges in technical implementation. Since SWW recycling with single-stage technologies is unlikely, combined processes are examined and evaluated within the scope of this publication. The process combination of dissolved air flotation (DAF) followed by membrane bioreactor (MBR) and, finally, reverse osmosis (RO) as a polishing step seems to be particularly promising. In this way, wastewater treatment for process water reuse could be achieved in theory, as well as in comparable laboratory experiments. Furthermore, it was calculated via the methane production potential that the entire energy demand of wastewater treatment could be covered if the organic fraction of the wastewater was used for biogas production.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4441
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/w13223175
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2521238-2
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