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  • MDPI AG  (59)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Strengthening of CoNiFeV0.5Mo0.2 Medium Entropy Alloy Wire Rods with Loading-Unloading Cycles
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Materials Vol. 15, No. 4 ( 2022-02-17), p. 1493-
    Details
    In: Materials, MDPI AG, Vol. 15, No. 4 ( 2022-02-17), p. 1493-
    Abstract: Changes in the texture as well as mechanical properties of CoNiFeV0.5Mo0.2 medium entropy alloy wire rods during loading–unloading are investigated. The intensity of the recrystallization texture {001} 〈 110 〉 component and fraction of low angle grains increase with the loading–unloading cycles and the alloy strength increases (934 MPa to 1083 MPa) due to dislocation increment in the loading–unloading cycles. The loading modulus (El) and average modulus (Esecant) for a hysteresis loop decrease slightly, whereas the unloading modulus (Eun) increases, the Eun increment of 5-TC-UTand 10-TC-UT are 22 and 137 GPa.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1996-1944
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ma15041493
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2487261-1
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Keratin-Based Composite Bioactive Films and Their Preservative Effects on Cherry Tomato
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Molecules Vol. 27, No. 19 ( 2022-09-26), p. 6331-
    Details
    In: Molecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 27, No. 19 ( 2022-09-26), p. 6331-
    Abstract: In this study, keratins were extracted from pig nail waste through the reduction method using L-cysteine as a reductant. Curcumin was successively incorporated in a mixed solution including keratin, gelatin, and glycerin to prepare different kinds of keratin/gelatin/glycerin/curcumin composite films. The morphology of the keratin/ gelatin/glycerin/curcumin composite films were examined using scanning electron microscopy. The structures and the molecular interactions between curcumin, keratin, and pectin were examined using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction, and the thermal properties were determined through thermogravimetric analysis. The tensile strengths of keratin/gelatin/glycerin/curcumin and keratin/gelatin/curcumin composite films are 13.73 and 12.45 MPa, respectively, and their respective elongations at break are 56.7% and 4.6%. In addition, compared with the control group (no film wrapped on the surface of tomato), the ratio of weight loss of the keratin (7.0%)/gelatin (10%)/glycerin (2.0%)/curcumin (1.0%) experimental groups is 8.76 ± 0.2%, and the hardness value of the tomatoes wrapped with composite films is 11.2 ± 0.39 kg/cm3. Finally, the composite films have a superior antibacterial effect against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli because of the addition of curcumin. As the concentration of curcumin reaches 1.0%, the antibacterial activity effect of the film is significantly improved. The diameter of the inhibition zone of E. coli is (12.16 ± 0.53) mm, and that of S. aureus is (14.532 ± 0.97) mm. The multifunctional keratin/gelatin/glycerin/curcumin bioactive films have great potential application in the food packaging industry.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1420-3049
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196331
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008644-1
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Effect of Maize (Zeal mays) and Soybean (Glycine max) Intercropping on Yield and Root Development in Xinjiang, China
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Agriculture Vol. 12, No. 7 ( 2022-07-10), p. 996-
    Details
    In: Agriculture, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 7 ( 2022-07-10), p. 996-
    Abstract: Intercropping is a breakthrough in land-use optimization. This work aimed to study the effects of intercropping patterns on the growth, yield, root morphological characteristics, and interspecific competition of maize and soybean, as well as provide a reference for the development of intercropping patterns of maize and soybean in Northwest China. Three different cropping patterns were designed: monocropping maize, monocropping soybean, and maize-soybean intercropping. Agronomic traits, intercropping indicators such as land equivalent ratio (LER), aggressivity (A), competition ratio (CR), and actual yield loss (AYL), as well as root morphological characteristics were assessed. The results showed that, compared with monocropping, the intercropping maize plant height increased by 6.07–8.40%, and the intercropping soybean plant height increased by 35.27–38.94%; the root length density (RLD) of intercropping maize was higher than that of monocropping maize, the RLD of intercropping soybean was lower than that of monocropping soybean, in the 0–40 cm soil layer the intercropping increased maize RLD by 1.79–7.44% while the soybean RLD was reduced by 3.06–9.46%; the aggressivity of maize was greater than 0 and the competition ratio was greater than 1, which was the dominant species; the maize/soybean land equivalent ratio was 1.18–1.26, which improved the land utilization rate. Therefore, the effect of increasing yield can be achieved by changing the maize and soybean planting method, which is beneficial to the ecological strategy of sustainable development in the northwest region.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2077-0472
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/agriculture12070996
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2651678-0
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    In Arid Regions, Forage Mulching between Fruit Trees Rows Enhances Fruit Tree Light and Lowers Soil Salinity
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Agriculture Vol. 12, No. 11 ( 2022-11-10), p. 1895-
    Details
    In: Agriculture, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 11 ( 2022-11-10), p. 1895-
    Abstract: Agroforestry is considered a means to provide sustainable and productive agriculture. This work aims to study the effect of fruit-grass agroforestry patterns on the soil moisture, salinity, growth, and yield of fruit trees, as well as to provide a reference for the development of agroforestry complex systems in Northwest China. The study has been designed with two cropping patterns: monocropped apple and apple-ryegrass intercropping. The results showed that compared to monocropped apples, intercropped apples have increased soil moisture content by 33.38–39.02%, net photosynthetic rate by 35.33–42.26%, transpiration rate by 29.62–29.76%, and stomatal conductance by 15.65–16.55% in the 0–60 cm soil layer. Intercrop reduced the total soil salt content by 36.41–38.58%, and the intercellular CO2 concentration decreased by 5.96–6.61%. In addition, intercropping improves fruit yield and quality by improving the orchard environment and increasing tree height, breast height, north-south crown spread, and east-west crown spread. Therefore, increased yield and quality can be achieved by changing the fruit tree and ryegrass planting method, which is beneficial to the sustainable development of agriculture in Northwest China.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2077-0472
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/agriculture12111895
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2651678-0
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Apple–Soybean Mixed Stand Increased Fine Root Distribution and Soil Water Content with Reduced Soil Nitrate Nitrogen
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Agronomy Vol. 13, No. 2 ( 2023-02-14), p. 548-
    Details
    In: Agronomy, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 2 ( 2023-02-14), p. 548-
    Abstract: In dryland agroecosystems, intercropping fruit trees with legumes is often an important option for maintaining and improving soil N quality and fertility. The relationships of fine root length density (FRLD), soil water content (SWC), and soil NO3−-N content (SNC) in agroforestry systems is essential for optimal orchard management. Our objective was to understand the temporal and spatial dynamics of FRLD, SWC, and SNC in an apple–soybean intercropping system and competition between species for ecological niches. We established an orchard with soybean and apple, including monoculture apple (MA), monoculture soybean (MS), and apple–soybean intercrop (AS) treatments. We collected data on the distribution of FRLD, SWC, SNC, and productivity under the MA, AS, and MS from 2020 to 2021. This study showed that AS had more FRLD compared to MA, and intercropping apple (IA) FRLD increased at 20–60 cm soil depth at 50 and 100 cm from the tree and decreased at 0–40 cm soil depth at 150 and 200 cm from the tree. Intercropping increased the SWC of the system and decreased the SNC, and the effect of intercropping was concentrated in the soybean cover area. The competition between apple and soybean reached its maximum at soybean seed filling stage, with competition occurring mainly at 100 cm from the tree and at 0–20 cm soil depth. Intercropping affected soybean growth and also reduced soybean yield with a land equivalent ratio = 1.45. By understanding the dynamics of subsoil resources in the apple–soybean intercropping system and interspecific competition, we can provide a theoretical basis for exploring the potential of sustainable intensification of agroforestry systems.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4395
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/agronomy13020548
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2607043-1
    SSG: 23
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Pan-Cancer Multi-Omics Landscape of FOXO Family Relevant to Clinical Outcome and Drug Resistance
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 23, No. 24 ( 2022-12-09), p. 15647-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 23, No. 24 ( 2022-12-09), p. 15647-
    Abstract: The forkhead box O (FOXO) transcription factors (TFs) family are frequently mutated, deleted, or amplified in various human cancers, making them attractive candidates for therapy. However, their roles in pan-cancer remain unclear. Here, we evaluated the expression, prognostic value, mutation, methylation, and clinical features of four FOXO family genes (FOXO1, FOXO3, FOXO4, and FOXO6) in 33 types of cancers based on the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Genotype Tissue Expression (GTEx) databases. We used a single sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) algorithm to establish a novel index called “FOXOs score”. Moreover, we investigated the association between the FOXOs score and tumor microenvironment (TME), the responses to multiple treatments, along with drug resistance. We found that the FOXO family genes participated in tumor progression and were related to the prognosis in various types of cancer. We calculated the FOXOs score and found that it was significantly correlated with multiple malignant pathways in pan-cancer, including Wnt/beta-catenin signaling, TGF-beta signaling, and hedgehog signaling. In addition, the FOXOs score was also associated with multiple immune-related characteristics. Furthermore, the FOXOs score was sensitive for predicting the efficacy of diverse treatments in multiple cancers, especially immunotherapy. In conclusion, FOXO family genes were vital in pan-cancer and were strongly correlated with the TME. A high FOXOs score indicated an excellent immune-activated TME and sensitivity to multiple treatments. Hence, the FOXOs score might potentially be used as a biomarker in patients with a tumor.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415647
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Association between the Phytochemical Index and Overweight/Obesity: A Meta-Analysis
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Nutrients Vol. 14, No. 7 ( 2022-03-29), p. 1429-
    Details
    In: Nutrients, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 7 ( 2022-03-29), p. 1429-
    Abstract: Some studies suggest that a higher phytochemical index (PI) is associated with a lower risk of overweight/obesity. This meta-analysis is performed to summarize published studies on the relationship of PI and the risk of overweight/obesity. We searched on PubMed, Cochrane Library and Web of Science from the inception dates to February 2022. The random-effect model was used based on heterogeneity. Meta-regression was used to explore potential sources of between-study heterogeneity. Publication bias was evaluated using Begg’s and Egger’s tests. The dose–response relationship was assessed using a restricted cubic spline model. Nine studies were included in the meta-analysis, with a total of 100,753 participants. The meta-analysis showed that the phytochemical index was associated with a decreased risk of overweight/obesity. The pooled OR (95% CI) was 0.81 (0.74–0.90). The findings from dose–response analysis showed a nonlinear association between the phytochemical index and the risk of overweight/obesity. The results of the meta-regression showed that gender and area were significant covariates influencing the heterogeneity between studies. There was no publication bias in the meta-analysis of this study. In conclusion, although this meta-analysis indicates that a high phytochemical index is associated with a reduced risk of overweight/obesity, all the studies included in this meta-analysis were cross-sectional studies with high heterogeneity. As such, more data from randomized controlled trials are required to confirm the efficacy of PI in evaluating the risk of overweight/obesity.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6643
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/nu14071429
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518386-2
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A Multi-Objective Permanent Basic Farmland Delineation Model Based on Hybrid Particle Swarm Optimization
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information Vol. 9, No. 4 ( 2020-04-14), p. 243-
    Details
    In: ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 4 ( 2020-04-14), p. 243-
    Abstract: The delimitation of permanent basic farmland is essentially a multi-objective optimization problem. The traditional demarcation methods cannot simultaneously take into account the requirements of cultivated land quality and the spatial layout of permanent basic farmland, and it cannot balance the relationship between agriculture and urban development. This paper proposed a multi-objective permanent basic farmland delimitation model based on an immune particle swarm optimization algorithm. The general rules for delineating the permanent basic farmland were defined in the model, and the delineation goals and constraints have been formally expressed. The model introduced the immune system concepts to complement the existing theory. This paper describes the coding and initialization methods for the algorithm, particle position and speed update mechanism, and fitness function design. We selected Xun County, Henan Province, as the research area and set up control experiments that aligned with the different targets and compared the performance of the three models of particle swarm optimization (PSO), artificial immune algorithm (AIA), and the improved AIA-PSO in solving multi-objective problems. The experiments proved the feasibility of the model. It avoided the adverse effects of subjective factors and promoted the scientific rationality of the results of permanent basic farmland delineation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2220-9964
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijgi9040243
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2655790-3
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  • 9
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    Online Resource
    Laser Sintering of TiO2 Films for Flexible Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Applied Sciences Vol. 9, No. 5 ( 2019-02-26), p. 823-
    Details
    In: Applied Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 5 ( 2019-02-26), p. 823-
    Abstract: In this study, laser sintering of TiO2 nanoparticle films on plastic substrates was conducted in order to improve the incident photon-to-electron conversion efficiency (IPCE) of flexible dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs). Lasers with different wavelengths (355 nm and 1064 nm) were used to process the TiO2 electrodes. With an optimized processing parameter combination, the 1064 nm laser can sinter 13 μm thick TiO2 films uniformly, but the uniform sintering cannot be achieved by the 355nm ultraviolet (UV) laser, since the films possess a high absorption ratio at 355 nm. The experimental results demonstrate that the near-infrared laser sintering can enhance the electrical connection between TiO2 nanoparticles without destroying the flexible plastic substrate, reduce the transmission impedance of electrons and increase the absorption rate of incident light. Furthermore, the charge collection efficiency, fill factor, and short-circuit current have all been improved to some extent, and the solar conversion efficiency increased from 4.6% to 5.7%, with an efficiency enhancement reaching 23.9%.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-3417
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/app9050823
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704225-X
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  • 10
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    Multi-Object Positioning and Imaging Based on Single-Pixel Imaging Using Binary Patterns
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Sensors Vol. 22, No. 9 ( 2022-04-22), p. 3211-
    Details
    In: Sensors, MDPI AG, Vol. 22, No. 9 ( 2022-04-22), p. 3211-
    Abstract: Single-pixel imaging (SPI) is a new type of imaging technology that uses a non-scanning single-pixel detector to image objects and has important application prospects and value in many fields. Most of the modulators currently used in SPI systems are digital micromirror device (DMD) modulators, which use a higher frequency for binary modulation than other alternatives. When modulating grayscale information, the modulation frequency is significantly reduced. This paper conducts research on multiple discrete objects in a scene and proposes using binary patterns to locate and image these objects. Compared with the existing methods of using gray patterns to locate and image multiple objects, the method proposed in this paper is more suitable for DMD-type SPI systems and has wider applicability and greater prospects. The principle of the proposed method is introduced, and the effectiveness of the method is experimentally verified. The experimental results show that, compared to traditional SPI methods, the number of patterns required by the proposed method is reduced by more than 85%.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1424-8220
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/s22093211
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2052857-7
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