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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Effect of Light Quality on Metabolomic, Ionomic, and Transcriptomic Profiles in Tomato Fruit
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 23, No. 21 ( 2022-10-31), p. 13288-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 23, No. 21 ( 2022-10-31), p. 13288-
    Abstract: Light quality affects plant growth and the functional component accumulation of fruits. However, there is little knowledge of the effects of light quality based on multiomics profiles. This study combined transcriptomic, ionomic, and metabolomic analyses to elucidate the effects of light quality on metabolism and gene expression in tomato fruit. Micro-Tom plants were grown under blue or red light-emitting diode light for 16 h daily after anthesis. White fluorescent light was used as a reference. The metabolite and element concentrations and the expression of genes markedly changed in response to blue and red light. Based on the metabolomic analysis, amino acid metabolism and secondary metabolite biosynthesis were active in blue light treatment. According to transcriptomic analysis, differentially expressed genes in blue and red light treatments were enriched in the pathways of secondary metabolite biosynthesis, carbon fixation, and glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism, supporting the results of the metabolomic analysis. Ionomic analysis indicated that the element levels in fruits were more susceptible to changes in light quality than in leaves. The concentration of some ions containing Fe in fruits increased under red light compared to under blue light. The altered expression level of genes encoding metal ion-binding proteins, metal tolerance proteins, and metal transporters in response to blue and red light in the transcriptomic analysis contributes to changes in the ionomic profiles of tomato fruit.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113288
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Chronic Dehydration in Nursing Home Residents
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Nutrients Vol. 12, No. 11 ( 2020-11-20), p. 3562-
    Details
    In: Nutrients, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 11 ( 2020-11-20), p. 3562-
    Abstract: Chronic dehydration mainly occurs due to insufficient fluid intake over a lengthy period of time, and nursing home residents are thought to be at high risk for chronic dehydration. However, few studies have investigated chronic dehydration, and new diagnostic methods are needed. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to identify risk factors for chronic dehydration by measuring serum osmolality in nursing home residents and also to evaluate whether examining the inferior vena cava (IVC) and determining the IVC collapsibility index (IVC-CI) by ultrasound can be helpful in the diagnosis of chronic dehydration. A total of 108 Japanese nursing home residents aged ≥65 years were recruited. IVC measurement was performed using a portable handheld ultrasound device. Fifteen residents (16.9%) were classified as having chronic dehydration (serum osmolality ≥295 mOsm/kg). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that chronic dehydration was associated with dementia (odds ratio (OR), 6.290; 95% confidential interval (CI), 1.270–31.154) and higher BMI (OR, 1.471; 95% CI, 1.105–1.958) but not with IVC or IVC-CI. Cognitive function and body weight of residents should be considered when establishing a strategy for preventing chronic dehydration in nursing homes.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6643
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/nu12113562
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518386-2
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Isoflavone Aglycones Attenuate Cigarette Smoke-Induced Emphysema via Suppression of Neutrophilic Inflammation in a COPD Murine Model
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Nutrients Vol. 11, No. 9 ( 2019-08-29), p. 2023-
    Details
    In: Nutrients, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 9 ( 2019-08-29), p. 2023-
    Abstract: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), a lung disease caused by chronic exposure to cigarette smoke, increases the number of inflammatory cells such as macrophages and neutrophils and emphysema. Isoflavone is a polyphenolic compound that exists in soybeans. Daidzein and genistein, two types of isoflavones, have been reported to have anti-inflammatory effects in various organs. We hypothesized that the daidzein-rich soy isoflavone aglycones (DRIAs) attenuate cigarette smoke-induced emphysema in mice. Mice were divided into four groups: the (i) control group, (ii) isoflavone group, (iii) smoking group, and (iv) isoflavone + smoking group. The number of inflammatory cells in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and the airspace enlargement using the mean linear intercept (MLI) were determined 12 weeks after smoking exposure. Expressions of neutrophilic inflammatory cytokines and chemokines were also examined. In the isoflavone + smoking group, the number of neutrophils in BALF and MLI was significantly less than that in the smoking group. Furthermore, the gene-expressions of TNF-α and CXCL2 (MIP-2) in the isoflavone + smoking group were significantly less than those in the smoking group. Supplementation of the COPD murine model with DRIAs significantly attenuates pathological changes of COPD via suppression of neutrophilic inflammation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6643
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/nu11092023
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518386-2
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Association of the Qualitative Clock Drawing Test with Progression to Dementia in Non-Demented Older Adults
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Journal of Clinical Medicine Vol. 9, No. 9 ( 2020-09-03), p. 2850-
    Details
    In: Journal of Clinical Medicine, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 9 ( 2020-09-03), p. 2850-
    Abstract: To evaluate the predictability of progression of cognitive impairment to dementia using qualitative clock drawing test (CDT) scores, we administered both the CDT using Cahn et al.’s qualitative scoring system and the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) to assess cognitive function in non-demented older individuals attending a memory clinic at a university hospital. Patients visiting the clinic for assessment of cognitive function between January 2015 and December 2019 were enrolled, and only those who were diagnosed as not having dementia at the time of initial assessment completed a follow-up assessment at 1 y (n = 163). To examine any association of qualitative CDT score with progression to dementia, multiple logistic regression analysis was conducted with the change in diagnosis from non-dementia to dementia at 1 y as the dependent variable. A total of 26 participants (16.0%) were diagnosed as having converted to dementia. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that both the qualitative CDT score using Cahn et al.’s scoring system and the existence of conceptual deficits were significantly associated with progression to dementia at 1 y after initial assessment of cognitive function, irrespective of the MMSE score, among non-demented older individuals. The CDT may be a useful predictor of progression to dementia in primary care settings.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2077-0383
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jcm9092850
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662592-1
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Identification of CT Values That Could Be Predictive of Necrosis (N-CTav) in Hepatocellular Carcinoma after Lenvatinib Treatment
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Current Oncology Vol. 29, No. 5 ( 2022-05-04), p. 3259-3271
    Details
    In: Current Oncology, MDPI AG, Vol. 29, No. 5 ( 2022-05-04), p. 3259-3271
    Abstract: Purpose: To assess the utility of measurement of the computed tomography (CT) attenuation value (CTav) in predicting tumor necrosis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients who achieve a complete response (CR), defined using modified Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (mRECIST), after lenvatinib treatment. Method: We compared CTav in arterial phase CT images with postoperative histopathology in four patients who underwent HCC resection after lenvatinib treatment, to determine CTav thresholds indicative of histological necrosis (N-CTav). Next, we confirmed the accuracy of the determined N-CTav in 15 cases with histopathologically proven necrosis in surgical specimens. Furthermore, the percentage of the tumor with N-CTav, i.e., the N-CTav occupancy rate, assessed using Image J software in 30 tumors in 12 patients with CR out of 571 HCC patients treated with lenvatinib, and its correlation with local recurrence following CR were examined. Results: Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis revealed an optimal cut-off value of CTav of 30.2 HU, with 90.0% specificity and 65.0% sensitivity in discriminating between pathologically identified necrosis and degeneration, with a CTav of less than 30.2 HU indicating necrosis after lenvatinib treatment (N30-CTav). Furthermore, the optimal cut-off value of 30.6% for the N30-CTav occupancy rate by ROC analysis was a significant indicator of local recurrence following CR with 76.9% specificity and sensitivity (area under the ROC curve; 0.939), with the CR group with high N30-CTav occupancy (≥30.6%) after lenvatinib treatment showing significantly lower local recurrence (8.3% at 1 year) compared with the low ( 〈 30.6%) N30-CTav group (p 〈 0.001, 61.5% at 1 year). Conclusion: The cut-off value of 30.2 HU for CTav (N30-CTav) might be appropriate for identifying post-lenvatinib necrosis in HCC, and an N30-CTav occupancy rate of 〉 30.6% might be a predictor of maintenance of CR. Use of these indicators have the potential to impact systemic chemotherapy for HCC.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1718-7729
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/curroncol29050266
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2270777-3
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Astaxanthin Suppresses Cigarette Smoke-Induced Emphysema through Nrf2 Activation in Mice
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Marine Drugs Vol. 17, No. 12 ( 2019-11-28), p. 673-
    Details
    In: Marine Drugs, MDPI AG, Vol. 17, No. 12 ( 2019-11-28), p. 673-
    Abstract: Oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The activation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a key cellular defense mechanism against oxidative stress. Recent studies have shown that astaxanthin protects against oxidative stress via Nrf2. In this study, we investigated the emphysema suppression effect of astaxanthin via Nrf2 in mice. Mice were divided into four groups: control, smoking, astaxanthin, and astaxanthin + smoking. The mice in the smoking and astaxanthin + smoking groups were exposed to cigarette smoke for 12 weeks, and the mice in the astaxanthin and astaxanthin + smoking groups were fed a diet containing astaxanthin. Significantly increased expression levels of Nrf2 and its target gene, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), were found in the lung homogenates of astaxanthin-fed mice. The number of inflammatory cells in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was significantly decreased, and emphysema was significantly suppressed. In conclusion, astaxanthin protects against oxidative stress via Nrf2 and ameliorates cigarette smoke-induced emphysema. Therapy with astaxanthin directed toward activating the Nrf2 pathway has the potential to be a novel preventive and therapeutic strategy for COPD.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1660-3397
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/md17120673
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2175190-0
    SSG: 15,3
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Fermented Soy Product ImmuBalanceTM Suppresses Airway Inflammation in a Murine Model of Asthma
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Nutrients Vol. 13, No. 10 ( 2021-09-26), p. 3380-
    Details
    In: Nutrients, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 10 ( 2021-09-26), p. 3380-
    Abstract: The fermented soy product ImmuBalance contains many active ingredients and its beneficial effects on some allergic diseases have been reported. We hypothesized that ImmuBalance could have potential effects on airway inflammation in a murine model of asthma. Mice sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin developed airway inflammation. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was assessed for inflammatory cell counts and levels of cytokines. Lung tissues were examined for cell infiltration and mucus hypersecretion. Oral administration of ImmuBalance significantly inhibited ovalbumin-induced eosinophilic inflammation and decreased Th2 cytokine levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (p 〈 0.05). In addition, lung histological analysis showed that ImmuBalance inhibited inflammatory cell infiltration and airway mucus production. Our findings suggest that supplementation with ImmuBalance may provide a novel strategy for the prevention or treatment of allergic airway inflammation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6643
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/nu13103380
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518386-2
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Mesenchymal Characteristics and Predictive Biomarkers on Circulating Tumor Cells for Therapeutic Strategy
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Cancers Vol. 12, No. 12 ( 2020-11-30), p. 3588-
    Details
    In: Cancers, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 12 ( 2020-11-30), p. 3588-
    Abstract: Metastasis-related events are the primary cause of cancer-related deaths, and circulating tumor cells (CTCs) have a pivotal role in metastatic relapse. CTCs include a variety of subtypes with different functional characteristics. Interestingly, the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers expressed in CTCs are strongly associated with poor clinical outcome and related to the acquisition of circulating tumor stem cell (CTSC) features. Recent studies have revealed the existence of CTC clusters, also called circulating tumor microemboli (CTM), which have a high metastatic potential. In this review, we present current opinions regarding the clinical significance of CTCs and CTM with a mesenchymal phenotype as clinical surrogate markers, and we summarize the therapeutic strategy according to phenotype characterization of CTCs in various types of cancers for future precision medicine.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6694
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/cancers12123588
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527080-1
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Detection and Morphological Analysis of Micro-Ruptured Cortical Arteries in Subdural Hematoma: Three-Dimensional Visualization Using the Tissue-Clearing Clear, Unobstructed, Brain/Body Imaging Cocktails and Computational Analysis Method
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Diagnostics Vol. 12, No. 11 ( 2022-11-20), p. 2875-
    Details
    In: Diagnostics, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 11 ( 2022-11-20), p. 2875-
    Abstract: One of the causes of bleeding in subdural hematoma is cortical artery rupture, which is difficult to detect at autopsy. Therefore, reports of autopsy cases with this condition are limited and hence, the pathogenesis of subdural hematoma remains unclear. Herein, for the detection and morphological analysis of cortical artery ruptures as the bleeding sources of subdural hematoma, we used the tissue-clearing CUBIC (clear, unobstructed, brain/body imaging cocktails and computational analysis) method with light-sheet fluorescence microscopy and reconstructed the two-dimensional and three-dimensional images. Using the CUBIC method, we could clearly visualize and detect cortical artery ruptures that were missed by conventional methods. Indeed, the CUBIC method enables three-dimensional morphological analysis of cortical arteries including the ruptured area, and the creation of cross-sectional two-dimensional images in any direction, which are similar to histopathological images. This highlights the effectiveness of the CUBIC method for subdural hematoma analysis.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2075-4418
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12112875
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662336-5
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Bleeding-Source Exploration in Subdural Hematoma: Observational Study on the Usefulness of Postmortem Computed Tomography Angiography
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Diagnostics Vol. 13, No. 13 ( 2023-07-06), p. 2286-
    Details
    In: Diagnostics, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 13 ( 2023-07-06), p. 2286-
    Abstract: In a few cases, postmortem computed tomography angiography (PMCTA) is effective in postmortem detection of cortical artery rupture causing subdural hematoma (SDH), which is difficult to detect at autopsy. Here, we explore the usefulness and limitations of PMCTA in detecting the sites of cortical arterial rupture for SDH. In 6 of 10 cases, extravascular leakage of contrast material at nine different places enabled PMCTA to identify cortical arterial rupture. PMCTA did not induce destructive arterial artifacts, which often occur during autopsy. We found that, although not in all cases, PMCTA could show the site of cortical arterial rupture causing subdural hematoma in some cases. This technique is beneficial for cases of SDH autopsy, as it can be performed nondestructively and before destructive artifacts from the autopsy occur.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2075-4418
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13132286
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662336-5
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