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  • MDPI AG  (23)
  • 1
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    Online Resource
    COVID-19 Related Early Google Search Behavior and Health Communication in the United States: Panel Data Analysis on Health Measures
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Vol. 20, No. 4 ( 2023-02-09), p. 3007-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, MDPI AG, Vol. 20, No. 4 ( 2023-02-09), p. 3007-
    Abstract: The COVID-19 outbreak at the end of December 2019 spread rapidly all around the world. The objective of this study is to investigate and understand the relationship between public health measures and the development of the pandemic through Google search behaviors in the United States. Our collected data includes Google search queries related to COVID-19 from 1 January to 4 April 2020. After using unit root tests (ADF test and PP test) to examine the stationary and a Hausman test to choose a random effect model, a panel data analysis is conducted to investigate the key query terms with the newly added cases. In addition, a full sample regression and two sub-sample regressions are proposed to explain: (1) The changes in COVID-19 cases number are partly related to search variables related to treatments and medical resources, such as ventilators, hospitals, and masks, which correlate positively with the number of new cases. In contrast, regarding public health measures, social distancing, lockdown, stay-at-home, and self-isolation measures were negatively associated with the number of new cases in the US. (2) In mild states, which ranked one to twenty by the average daily new cases from least to most in 50 states, the query terms about public health measures (quarantine, lockdown, and self-isolation) have a significant negative correlation with the number of new cases. However, only the query terms about lockdown and self-isolation are also negatively associated with the number of new cases in serious states (states ranking 31 to 50). Furthermore, public health measures taken by the government during the COVID-19 outbreak are closely related to the situation of controlling the pandemic.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1660-4601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20043007
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2175195-X
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  • 2
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    A Transmission Efficiency Evaluation Method of Adaptive Coding Modulation for Ka-Band Data-Transmission of LEO EO Satellites
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Sensors Vol. 22, No. 14 ( 2022-07-20), p. 5423-
    Details
    In: Sensors, MDPI AG, Vol. 22, No. 14 ( 2022-07-20), p. 5423-
    Abstract: Nowadays low Earth orbit (LEO) Earth observation (EO) satellites commonly use constant coding modulation (CCM) or variable coding modulation (VCM) schemes for data transmission to ground stations (G/S). Compared with CCM and VCM, the adaptive coding modulation (ACM) could further improve the data throughput of the link by making full use of link resource and the time-varying characteristics of atmospheric attenuation. In order to comprehensively study the data transmission performance, one new index which could be utilized as a quantitative index for the satellite-to-ground data transmission scheme selection, the transmission efficiency factor (TEF) of LEO satellites is proposed and defined as “the product of the link availability and the average useful data rate”. Then, the transmission efficiency of CCM, VCM and ACM at typical G/S with different weather characteristics at Ka-band is compared and analyzed. The results show that ACM is more suitable for the G/S with moderate and abundant rainfall. Compared with the CCM of MCS 28, for Beijing G/S and Sanya G/S, ACM not only improves the transmission efficiency with the TEF increased by 3.62% and 24.51%, respectively, but also improves the link availability with the outage period reduced by 82.47% and 75.18%, respectively.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1424-8220
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/s22145423
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2052857-7
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  • 3
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    Liver Tumor Markers, HALP Score, and NLR: Simple, Cost-Effective, Easily Accessible Indexes for Predicting Prognosis in ICC Patients after Surgery
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Journal of Personalized Medicine Vol. 12, No. 12 ( 2022-12-09), p. 2041-
    Details
    In: Journal of Personalized Medicine, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 12 ( 2022-12-09), p. 2041-
    Abstract: Introduction: To investigate the prognostic significance of liver tumor markers, the hemoglobin, albumin, lymphocyte, and platelet (HALP) score; neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR); and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), for predicting the specific site of recurrence or metastasis after surgery in patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC). Methods: In total, 162 patients with pathologically proven ICC who underwent curative surgery at Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center between April 2016 and April 2020 were analyzed. Clinicopathological characteristics were collected retrospectively. The Kaplan–Meier method was used to analyze the overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS). Significant clinical factors were examined by univariate analysis and multivariate analysis and analyzed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Results: The cutoff values for the HALP score, NLR, and PLR were determined to be 43.63, 3.73, and 76.51, respectively, using the surv_cutpoint function of survminer using RFS as the target variable. In multivariate analysis, vascular invasion, pathology nerve tract invasion, and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) levels were independent prognostic factors of OS, whereas the tumor number, pathology microvascular invasion, pathology differentiation, CA19-9 levels, and NLR were independent prognostic factors of RFS. For the whole recurrence analysis, the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) index exhibited the largest ROC curve area of all (AUC = 0.590), and the alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) index exhibited the smallest ROC curve area (AUC = 0.530). The HALP score exhibited the largest ROC curve area of all in predicting intrahepatic recurrence (AUC = 0.588), the NLR showed the best predictive value in predicting lymph node metastasis (AUC = 0.703), and the AUC of the CA19-9 index was the largest of all variables in predicting distant metastasis (AUC = 0.619). Conclusions: Our study showed that CA19-9, CEA, HALP score, and NLR are easily accessible, reliable, cost-effective indexes for predicting the specific site of recurrence or metastasis after surgery in ICC patients. Patients with high HALP scores and NLR have a higher risk of intrahepatic and lymph node metastasis recurrence.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2075-4426
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jpm12122041
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662248-8
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  • 4
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    Health Communication through Chinese Media on E-Cigarette: A Topic Modeling Approach
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Vol. 19, No. 13 ( 2022-06-21), p. 7591-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, MDPI AG, Vol. 19, No. 13 ( 2022-06-21), p. 7591-
    Abstract: Background: Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) have been a newsworthy topic in China. E-cigarettes are receiving greater consumer attention due to the rise of the Chinese e-cigarettes industry. In the past decade, e-cigarettes have been widely debated across the media, particularly their identity and their health effects. Objective: this study aims to (1) find the key topics in e-cigarette news and (2) provide suggestions for future media strategies to improve health communication. Method: We collected Chinese e-cigarettes news from 1 November 2015 to 31 October 2020, in the Huike (WiseSearch) database, using “e-cigarettes” (Chinese: “电子烟”) as the keyword. We used the Jieba package in python to perform the data cleaning process and the Dirichlet allocation (LDA) topic modeling method to generate major themes of the health communication through news content. Main finding: through an analysis of 1584 news articles on e-cigarettes, this paper finds 26 topics covered with 4 themes as regulations and control (n = 475, 30%), minor protection (n = 436, 27.5%), industry activities (n = 404, 25.5%), and health effects (n = 269, 17%). The peak and decline of the number of news articles are affected by time and related regulations. Conclusion: the main themes of Chinese news content on e-cigarettes are regulations and control, and minor protection. Newspapers should shoulder the responsibilities and play an important role in health communication with balanced coverage.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1660-4601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19137591
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2175195-X
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  • 5
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    Time–Frequency Analysis of Particulate Matter (PM10) Concentration in Dry Bulk Ports Using the Hilbert–Huang Transform
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Vol. 17, No. 16 ( 2020-08-09), p. 5754-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, MDPI AG, Vol. 17, No. 16 ( 2020-08-09), p. 5754-
    Abstract: To analyze the time–frequency characteristics of the particulate matter (PM10) concentration, data series measured at dry bulk ports were used to determine the contribution of various factors during different periods to the PM10 concentration level so as to support the formulation of air quality improvement plans around port areas. In this study, the Hilbert–Huang transform (HHT) method was used to analyze the time–frequency characteristics of the PM10 concentration data series measured at three different sites at the Xinglong Port of Zhenjiang, China, over three months. The HHT method consists of two main stages, namely, empirical mode decomposition (EMD) and Hilbert spectrum analysis (HSA), where the EMD technique is used to pre-process the HSA in order to determine the intrinsic mode function (IMF) components of the raw data series. The results show that the periods of the IMF components exhibit significant differences, and the short-period IMF component provides a modest contribution to all IMF components. Using HSA technology for these IMF components, we discovered that the variations in the amplitude of the PM10 concentration over time and frequency are discrete, and the range of this variation is mainly concentrated in the low-frequency band. We inferred that long-term influencing factors determine the PM10 concentration level in the port, and short-term influencing factors determine the difference in concentration data at different sites. Therefore, when formulating PM10 emission mitigation strategies, targeted measures must be implemented according to the period of the different influencing factors. The results of this study can help guide recommendations for port authorities when formulating the optimal layout of measurement devices.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1660-4601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17165754
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
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  • 6
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    The Rise and Fall of Land Use Mix: Review and Prospects
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Land Vol. 11, No. 12 ( 2022-12-04), p. 2198-
    Details
    In: Land, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 12 ( 2022-12-04), p. 2198-
    Abstract: Faced with problems such as unordered expansion, inefficient utilization, and the decay of old cities in the current urban development process, many scholars have considered introducing land use mix as a coping strategy. However, due to a lack of understanding of the evolution process and the theoretical connotation of land use mix, it fails to guide its role in practice. Therefore, this study summarizes the theoretical evolution of land use mix from four levels: ideological evolution, conceptual model, quantitative measurements, and influential factors and effects. It is found that after decades of evolution, although the land use mix theory initially formed a certain theoretical and methodological system, there are still some gaps or deficiencies that need to be filled or improved: (1) the theoretical framework lags behind the needs of practice; (2) in the process of evolution, the idea of modern land use mix has been given a deeper meaning; (3) the conceptual model still needs to be further improved; (4) the influencing mechanism is still unclear.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-445X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/land11122198
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2682955-1
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  • 7
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    A Nomogram Based on Preoperative Lab Tests, BMI, ICG-R15, and EHBF for the Prediction of Post-Hepatectomy Liver Failure in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Journal of Clinical Medicine Vol. 12, No. 1 ( 2022-12-31), p. 324-
    Details
    In: Journal of Clinical Medicine, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 1 ( 2022-12-31), p. 324-
    Abstract: Background: Liver cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors, and worldwide, its incidence ranks sixth, and its morality third. Post-hepatectomy liver failure (PHLF) is the leading cause of death in patients who have undergone liver resection. This retrospective study investigated the risk factors for PHLF by predicting and constructing an index to evaluate the risk. This was achieved by combining the lab tests with an indocyanine green (ICG) clearance test. Methods: The study analyzed 1081 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients who had received liver resection at Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center between 2005 and 2020. The patients were divided into a PHLF group (n = 113) and a non-PHLF group (n = 968), according to the International Study Group of Liver Surgery (ISGLS) criteria. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves were then used to estimate the optimal cut-off values. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify the independent risk factors. Finally, a nomogram was constructed where the calibration plot, the areas under the ROC curve (AUC), and the decision curve analysis (DCA) showed good predictive ability. Results: Correlation analysis revealed that body mass index (BMI) was positively correlated with ICG-R15 and with effective hepatic blood flow (EHBF). Univariate and multivariate logistics regression analysis revealed that BMI, ICG-R15, international normalized ratio (INR), tumor size, hepatic inflow occlusion (HIO) time, and operation method were independent predictive factors for PHLF. When these factors and EHBF were included in the nomogram, the nomogram showed a good predictive value, with a C-index of 0.773 (95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 0.729–0.818). The INR had the largest ROC areas (AUC INR = 0.661). Among the variables, ICG-R15 (AUC ICG-R15 = 0.604) and EHBF (AUC EHBF = 0.609) also showed good predictive power. Conclusions: The risk of PHLF in HCC patients can be precisely predicted by this model prior to the operation. By integrating EHBF into the model, HCC patients at higher risk for PHLF can be identified more effectively.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2077-0383
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jcm12010324
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662592-1
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  • 8
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    Concrete Cover Cracking and Reinforcement Corrosion Behavior in Concrete with New-to-Old Concrete Interfaces
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Materials Vol. 16, No. 17 ( 2023-08-31), p. 5969-
    Details
    In: Materials, MDPI AG, Vol. 16, No. 17 ( 2023-08-31), p. 5969-
    Abstract: In reinforced concrete (RC) structures, new-to-old concrete interfaces are widely present due to precast splices, repairs, and construction joints. In this paper, both monolithic and segmental specimens were fabricated with five kinds of water–cement ratios, including ordinary and high-strength concrete. The impressed current-accelerated corrosion test was used, and the degree of reinforcement corrosion was controlled by Faraday’s Law. In the accelerated corrosion process, the concrete surface cracking, steel corrosion, and mechanical properties of the corroded steels in the segmental specimens were investigated and compared with monolithic specimens considering the pouring method, concrete strength, and the strength difference between new and old concrete. The prediction of concrete cracking time was also discussed. The results indicated that, for the monolithic specimens, longitudinal cracks could be observed on the ordinary concrete surface, while no cracks were produced on a high-strength concrete surface; only the rust leaked out at the ends. For the segmental specimens, both longitudinal and transverse cracks were produced on an ordinary concrete surface, while only transverse cracks were produced at the high-strength new-to-old concrete interfaces. The steel embedded in the segmental specimens suffered more sectional loss at the new-to-old concrete interfaces. An influence coefficient based on the section loss of the rebar was proposed to evaluate the influence of interfaces on the rust uniformity of rebars. When there were differences in strength between new and old concrete, the influence of the interface on the uniformity of steel bar cross-section loss slightly increased. Based on available theoretical analysis for uniform corrosion, the concrete cracking time of the monolithic specimens was predicted, which was basically consistent with experimental phenomena. However, further research is needed to predict the service life of segmental specimens with new-to-old concrete interfaces.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1996-1944
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ma16175969
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2487261-1
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  • 9
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    The Impacts of Regional Cooperation on Urban Land-Use Efficiency: Evidence from the Yangtze River Delta, China
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Land Vol. 11, No. 6 ( 2022-06-15), p. 915-
    Details
    In: Land, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 6 ( 2022-06-15), p. 915-
    Abstract: Urban land-use efficiency (ULUE) has been increasingly recognized as an issue of land-use management across the world in the last century as the globe experienced unprecedented rapid urban expansion. However, although a large body of studies was dedicated to analyzing the driving forces of ULUE, literature was rarely focused on the impacts of regional cooperation on ULUE. To bridge the knowledge gap, we used the Chinese trailblazer of regional cooperation–Yangtze River delta (YRD)—as a case to reveal the impacts of regional cooperation on ULUE. Social network analysis and a super efficiency SBM model with undesirable outputs were used to measure regional cooperation and ULUE, respectively. Furthermore, the impacts of regional cooperation on ULUE were examined by using the geographically and temporally weighted regression model. The results show that regional cooperation in the YRD strengthened from 2009 to 2016, among which Shanghai was the core node city in the YRD. Only seven cities maintained good ULUE with a stable trend during 2009–2016. The regression results indicated the positive impacts of regional cooperation on ULUE, which was more evident in the southern cities of the YRD. The potential mechanism to explain the impacts of regional cooperation on ULUE includes co-building transportation facilities and joint development zones. These findings provide insightful implications for improving ULUE by strengthening regional cooperation in Chinese cities.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-445X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/land11060915
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2682955-1
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  • 10
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    Spatial Planning Implementation Effectiveness: Review and Research Prospects
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Land Vol. 11, No. 8 ( 2022-08-09), p. 1279-
    Details
    In: Land, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 8 ( 2022-08-09), p. 1279-
    Abstract: The question of how to implement spatial planning more effective is a fundamental but very difficult one and one that has been of great interest to both the academic and practical community. However, a comprehensive review of the conceptual models and methodological systems for evaluating spatial planning implementation, and the existing practical research results of various types of spatial planning implementation evaluation, are yet to be presented. The study systematically reviews the main research findings in the field of spatial planning implementation from four aspects: conceptual analysis, measurement methods, evaluation frameworks and evaluation methods. This study found three distinct evolutionary features of research in this field: (1) The evaluation concept changes from complete rationality to limited rationality; (2) research methodology changes from a simple closed system to a complex open system; (3) the research perspective shifts from the map to the main body of planning implementation behavior. It is suggested that an important part of future research lies in establishing a system for evaluating the effectiveness based on a single subject who is an actor in the planning implementation process. On this basis, the micro-influencing mechanisms of planning implementation effects will then be explored. Deepening the research to the individual level will help improve planning implementation’s effectiveness.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-445X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/land11081279
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2682955-1
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