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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Recent Progress on Bioinspired Antibacterial Surfaces for Biomedical Application
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Biomimetics Vol. 7, No. 3 ( 2022-07-04), p. 88-
    Details
    In: Biomimetics, MDPI AG, Vol. 7, No. 3 ( 2022-07-04), p. 88-
    Abstract: Surface bacterial fouling has become an urgent global challenge that calls for resilient solutions. Despite the effectiveness in combating bacterial invasion, antibiotics are susceptible to causing microbial antibiotic resistance that threatens human health and compromises the medication efficacy. In nature, many organisms have evolved a myriad of surfaces with specific physicochemical properties to combat bacteria in diverse environments, providing important inspirations for implementing bioinspired approaches. This review highlights representative natural antibacterial surfaces and discusses their corresponding mechanisms, including repelling adherent bacteria through tailoring surface wettability and mechanically killing bacteria via engineering surface textures. Following this, we present the recent progress in bioinspired active and passive antibacterial strategies. Finally, the biomedical applications and the prospects of these antibacterial surfaces are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2313-7673
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics7030088
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2856245-8
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Identification of Multiple Novel Viruses in Fecal Samples of Black-Necked Cranes Using Viral Metagenomic Methods
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Viruses Vol. 15, No. 10 ( 2023-10-09), p. 2068-
    Details
    In: Viruses, MDPI AG, Vol. 15, No. 10 ( 2023-10-09), p. 2068-
    Abstract: The black-necked crane is the only species of crane that lives in the high-altitude region of the Tibet Plateau. At present, there is little research on viral diseases of the black-necked crane (Grus nigricollis). In this study, a viral metagenomic approach was employed to investigate the fecal virome of black-necked cranes in Saga County, Shigatse City, Tibet, China. The identified virus families carried by black-necked cranes mainly include Genomoviridae, Parvoviridae, and Picornaviridae. The percentages of sequence reads belonging to these three virus families were 1.6%, 3.1%, and 93.7%, respectively. Among them, one genome was characterized as a novel species in the genus Grusopivirus of the family Picornaviridae, four new parvovirus genomes were obtained and classified into four different novel species within the genus Chaphamaparvovirus of the subfamily Hamaparvovirinae, and four novel genomovirus genomes were also acquired and identified as members of three different species, including Gemykroznavirus haeme1, Gemycircularvirus ptero6, and Gemycircularvirus ptero10. All of these viruses were firstly detected in fecal samples of black-necked cranes. This study provides valuable information for understanding the viral community composition in the digestive tract of black-necked cranes in Tibet, which can be used for monitoring, preventing, and treating potential viral diseases in black-necked cranes.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1999-4915
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/v15102068
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2516098-9
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dietary Supplementation with Enterococcus faecium R1 Attenuates Intestinal and Liver Injury in Piglets Challenged by Lipopolysaccharide
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Animals Vol. 11, No. 5 ( 2021-05-16), p. 1424-
    Details
    In: Animals, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 5 ( 2021-05-16), p. 1424-
    Abstract: In this study, a strain of E. faecium R1 with effective bacteriostatic activity, acid resistance, bile salt resistance, high-temperature resistance was screened. To study the effect of E. faecium R1 on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced intestinal and liver injury in piglets, twenty-four weaned female piglets were randomly assigned into one of three groups (8 piglets per group). Piglets in the control group and LPS group were fed a basal diet, piglets in the E. faecium group were fed the basal diet supplemented with E. faecium R1 (6.5 × 106 CFU/g). On day 21 of the trial, piglets in the LPS group and E. faecium group were intraperitoneally administered LPS (100 μg/kg), piglets in the control group were administered the same volume of saline. Subsequently, blood samples were collected at 3 h, and intestinal, liver, and pancreas samples were collected at 6 h. Results showed that E. faecium R1 supplementation significantly decreased the diarrhea rate and feed to gain ratio, and dramatically reduced LPS-induced intestinal and liver injury in piglets. Compared with the LPS group, E. faecium R1 supplementation significantly increased the content of glucagon in plasma and IL-1β in the liver, and the mRNA levels of villin in jejunum and ileum and Bcl-xL and pBD-L in the ileum, and significantly decreased the contents of prostaglandin 2 and malondialdehyde in the liver and the activities of myeloperoxidase and aspartate aminotransferase in plasma in piglets. Moreover, E. faecium R1 improved the pancreatic antioxidant capacity in piglets, which was indicated by a significant increase in catalase activity and a decrease in total nitric oxide synthase activity. In summary, dietary supplementation with E. faecium R1 alleviates intestinal and liver injury in LPS-challenged piglets.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-2615
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ani11051424
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2606558-7
    SSG: 23
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Numerical Investigation of the Hydrodynamic Behavior of Trash-Blocking Nets for Water Intake Engineering of Nuclear Power Plant
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Fluids Vol. 7, No. 7 ( 2022-07-11), p. 234-
    Details
    In: Fluids, MDPI AG, Vol. 7, No. 7 ( 2022-07-11), p. 234-
    Abstract: In order to ensure the safety of the cooling water source of coastal nuclear power plants (NPP), trash-blocking nets (TBNs) are usually installed at the entrance of the penstock to prevent marine sewage and organisms flowing into the front pool of the pump house of the nuclear power plant. The safety evaluation of these trash-blocking nets is of paramount importance for the stable operation of a nuclear power plant. However, there is no reliable analysis method for improving the design of trash-blocking nets and mooring systems. In this study, a numerical model of in-current trash-blocking nets based on the lumped mass method was developed to calculate the tension force on the trash-blocking nets and mooring system. A comparison with the experimental data indicates that the present numerical model is appropriate for calculating the in-current hydrodynamic loads on the trash-blocking nets. In addition, the effects of the width of trash-blocking nets, hanging ratio, water depth, and net solidity are discussed in detail, and the damage process of trash-blocking nets was also investigated. The results indicate that the maximum tension force on the trash-blocking net linearly increases with the increasing width of trash-blocking nets, and it is greatly decreased with the increase in the horizontal hanging ratio of trash-blocking nets. It can be increased by 200% when the net solidity is increased from 0.16 to 0.6. Two damage modes for mooring lines can be observed, which are determined by the strength of mooring lines.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2311-5521
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/fluids7070234
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2882362-X
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Fuziline Ameliorates Glucose and Lipid Metabolism by Activating Beta Adrenergic Receptors to Stimulate Thermogenesis
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 24, No. 9 ( 2023-05-06), p. 8362-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 24, No. 9 ( 2023-05-06), p. 8362-
    Abstract: Radix aconiti carmichaeli is a widely used traditional Chinese medicine that has been found to be effective in treating cardiovascular diseases and metabolic disorders. Patients with these diseases often experience a heat generation disorder, which is characterized by chilliness and can worsen the progression of the disease. This study established an in vitro screening model combining the examination of cellular mitochondrial membrane potential and mitochondrial temperature to screen drugs with thermogenic activity. After differentiation and determination of the content of characteristic metabolites of the drug-containing serum blood components, it was found that Fuziline (FZL) is the key thermogenic property in Radix aconiti carmichaeli, responsible for its thermogenic effects with a high relative importance of 33%. Experiments were conducted to evaluate the thermogenic activity of Radix aconiti carmichaeli and FZL in vivo by assessing temperature changes in various organs, including the rectum, liver, and brown adipose tissue. Moreover, the effects of intracellular β3-adrenergic receptor (β3-AR) agonistic effects were evaluated using transient β3-AR transfection and dual-luciferase assay systems. The molecular mechanism by which FZL promotes thermogenesis and improves mitochondrial function was investigated by verifying the β-adrenergic receptors (β-AR) downstream signaling pathway. The results suggest that FZL activates β-AR nonselectively, which in turn activates the downstream cAMP-PKA signaling pathway and leads to an increase in liver glycogenolysis and triglyceride hydrolysis, accompanied by enhancing mitochondrial energy metabolism. Consequently, the liver and brown adipose tissue receive energy to generate heat. In summary, these findings provide insight into the therapeutic application of Radix aconiti carmichaeli for metabolic disorders associated with heat generation disorders.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098362
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Interfacial Reaction Mechanism between Ceramic Mould and Single Crystal Superalloy for Manufacturing Turbine Blade
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Materials Vol. 15, No. 16 ( 2022-08-11), p. 5514-
    Details
    In: Materials, MDPI AG, Vol. 15, No. 16 ( 2022-08-11), p. 5514-
    Abstract: Single crystal superalloys are the preferred materials for manufacturing turbine blades of advanced aero-engines, due to their excellent high temperature comprehensive performance. The interfacial reaction between alloys and ceramic mould are an important factor to influence the surface quality and service performance of the turbine blade. It is very important to reveal the interfacial reaction mechanism to improve turbine blade quality and yield rate. In this paper, the interfacial reactions between DD6 single crystal superalloy and ceramic mould were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD). The results show that the main reaction products were HfO2, Al2O3 and Y3Al5O12 when the yttrium oxide powders were the prime coat materials, while alloy surface suffered undesirable sand fusion; the thicknesses of the reaction layers were over 20 μm. The reaction layer can be divided into two layers, the layer close to the alloy was mainly composed of Al2O3 and Y3Al5O12, and the layer close to the mould was composed of SiO2, Al2O3 and Y3Al5O12. Avoiding the formation of Y2O3-Al2O3-SiO2 ternary low-melts can solve the interfacial reaction between DD6 alloy and yttrium oxide mould.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1996-1944
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ma15165514
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2487261-1
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Complex Enzyme-Assisted Extraction Releases Antioxidative Phenolic Compositions from Guava Leaves
    MDPI AG ; 2017
    In:  Molecules Vol. 22, No. 10 ( 2017-09-30), p. 1648-
    Details
    In: Molecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 22, No. 10 ( 2017-09-30), p. 1648-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1420-3049
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/molecules22101648
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008644-1
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  • 8
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    Online Resource
    An Experimental Study on Dynamic Characteristics of Coarse-Grained Soil under Step Cyclic Loading
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Coatings Vol. 12, No. 5 ( 2022-05-07), p. 640-
    Details
    In: Coatings, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 5 ( 2022-05-07), p. 640-
    Abstract: The accumulated plastic deformation induced by a cyclic traffic load will lead to destruction of the subgrade. Coarse-grained soil is a widely used subgrade filler. The GDS dynamic triaxial test was carried out on typical coarse-grained soil fillers to investigate the influence of different confining pressures, consolidation ratios and numbers of cyclic actions on the hysteresis curve under step cyclic loading. The results show that surrounding pressure can significantly reduce the energy lost from a soil sample under cyclic loading. Under the same stress level, increasing the consolidation ratio can effectively reduce the area enclosed by the hysteresis curve. When the stress is increased above a certain value, the strain of the response clearly changes with an increase in the number of cyclic loading. The research findings can theoretically guide the design of coarse-grained soil roadbeds in practical engineering.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2079-6412
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/coatings12050640
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662314-6
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Experimental Investigation of Reynolds Number and Spring Stiffness Effects on Vortex-Induced Vibration Driven Wind Energy Harvesting Triboelectric Nanogenerator
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Nanomaterials Vol. 12, No. 20 ( 2022-10-13), p. 3595-
    Details
    In: Nanomaterials, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 20 ( 2022-10-13), p. 3595-
    Abstract: Vortex-induced vibration (VIV) is a process that wind energy converts to the mechanical energy of the bluff body. Enhancing VIV to harvest wind energy is a promising method to power wireless sensor nodes in the Internet of Things. In this work, a VIV-driven square cylinder triboelectric nanogenerator (SC-TENG) is proposed to harvest broadband wind energy. The vibration characteristic and output performance are studied experimentally to investigate the effect of the natural frequency by using five different springs in a wide range of stiffnesses (27 N/m 〈 K 〈 90 N/m). The square cylinder is limited to transverse oscillation and experiments were conducted in the Reynolds regime (3.93×103–3.25×104). The results demonstrate the strong dependency of VIV on natural frequency and lock-in observed in a broad range of spring stiffness. Moreover, the amplitude ratio and range of lock-in region increase by decreasing spring stiffness. On the other hand, the SC-TENG with higher spring stiffness can result in higher output under high wind velocities. These observations suggest employing an adjustable natural frequency system to have optimum energy harvesting in VIV-based SC-TENG in an expanded range of operations.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2079-4991
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/nano12203595
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662255-5
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    HPLC-ESI-qTOF-MS/MS Characterization, Antioxidant Activities and Inhibitory Ability of Digestive Enzymes with Molecular Docking Analysis of Various Parts of Raspberry (Rubus ideaus L.)
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Antioxidants Vol. 8, No. 8 ( 2019-08-03), p. 274-
    Details
    In: Antioxidants, MDPI AG, Vol. 8, No. 8 ( 2019-08-03), p. 274-
    Abstract: The anti-oxidative phenolic compounds in plant extracts possess multiple pharmacological functions. However, the phenolic characterization and in vitro bio-activities in various parts of raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) have not been investigated systematically. In the present study, the phenolic profiles of leaves (LE), fruit pulp (FPE), and seed extracts (SE) in raspberry were analyzed by HR-HPLC-ESI-qTOF-MS/MS method, and their antioxidant activities and digestive enzymes inhibitory abilities were also investigated. The molecular docking analysis was used to delineate their inhibition mechanisms toward type II diabetes related digestive enzymes. Regardless of LE, FPE, or SE, 50% methanol was the best solvent for extracting high contents of phenolic compounds, followed by 50% ethanol and 100% methanol. The LE of raspberry displayed the highest total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC). A total of nineteen phenolic compounds were identified. The quantitative results showed that gallic acid, ellagic acid, and procyanidin C3 were the major constituents in the three extracts. The various parts extracts of raspberry all exhibited the strong antioxidant activities, especially for LE. Moreover, the powerful inhibitory effects of the three extracts against digestive enzymes (α-glucosidase and α-amylase) were observed. The major phenolic compounds of the three extracts also showed good inhibitory activities of digestive enzyme in a dose-dependent manner. The underlying inhibitory mechanisms of the main phenolic compounds against digestive enzymes were clarified by molecular docking analysis. The present study demonstrated that the various parts of raspberry had strong antioxidant activities and inhibitory effects on digestive enzymes, and can potentially prevent oxidative damage or diabetes-related problems.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-3921
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/antiox8080274
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704216-9
    SSG: 15,3
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