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  • MDPI AG  (698)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Transcriptome Analysis of Greenfin Horse-Faced Filefish (Thamnaconus septentrionalis) Gills in Response to Amyloodinium ocellatum (AO) Infection
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Fishes Vol. 7, No. 5 ( 2022-09-23), p. 252-
    Details
    In: Fishes, MDPI AG, Vol. 7, No. 5 ( 2022-09-23), p. 252-
    Abstract: The greenfin horse-faced filefish (Thamnaconus septentrionalis) is susceptible to recurrent Amyloodinium ocellatum (AO) infestation over the grow-out production cycle. This parasite breeds mainly on the gills, causing hypoxia in the fish body, and leading to many deaths. The host-parasite response drives a complex immune reaction, which is poorly understood. To generate a model for host-parasite interaction and the pathogenesis of AO in greenfin horse-faced filefish, an RNA-seq approach, differential gene expression, GO, and KEGG analyses were employed. Overall, 624 new genes and 2076 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected, including 942 upregulated and 1134 downregulated genes in the gills. Compared with the control group, the expression of leptin a, GTPase IMAP family member 4, and NLR family CARD domain-containing protein 3 was significantly higher in the AO-infected group. Conversely, cell wall integrity and stress response component 1-like, and hepcidin-like were significantly downregulated in the gills of AO-infected fish. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis indicated that DEGs were significantly enriched in signaling pathways associated with viral protein interaction with cytokine and cytokine receptor and cytokine–cytokine receptor interaction. Collectively, this transcriptomic study provides novel molecular insights into the pathology caused by AO infestation and alternative theories for future research implementing strategies to control and manage AO.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2410-3888
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/fishes7050252
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2932929-2
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Fabrication of Diamond Submicron Lenses and Cylinders by ICP Etching Technique with SiO2 Balls Mask
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Materials Vol. 12, No. 10 ( 2019-05-17), p. 1622-
    Details
    In: Materials, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 10 ( 2019-05-17), p. 1622-
    Abstract: Submicron lenses and cylinders exhibiting excellent properties in photodetector and quantum applications have been fabricated on a diamond surface by an inductively-coupled plasma (ICP) etching technique. During ICP etching, a layer containing 500 nm diameter balls of SiO2 was employed as mask. By changing the mixing ratio of O2, Ar and CF4 during ICP etching, several submicron structures were fabricated, such as cylinders and lenses. The simulation results demonstrated that such submicron structures on a diamond’s surface can greatly enhance the photon out-coupling efficiency of embedded nitrogen-vacancy center.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1996-1944
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ma12101622
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2487261-1
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Ohmic Contact of Pt/Au on Hydrogen-Terminated Single Crystal Diamond
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Coatings Vol. 9, No. 9 ( 2019-08-23), p. 539-
    Details
    In: Coatings, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 9 ( 2019-08-23), p. 539-
    Abstract: In this study, contact properties of platinum/gold (Pt/Au) on the surface of hydrogen-terminated single crystal diamond (H-SCD) were studied with several treatment conditions. The electrodes of Pt (20 nm)/Au (100 nm) were deposited on H-SCD surface by electron beam evaporation technique. Then, the specific contact resistance (ρc) of the as-fabricated sample was measured by the circular transmission line model, which showed good ohmic properties with the value of 5.65 × 10−4 Ω·cm2. To identify the thermal stability of Pt/Au/H-SCD, the sample was annealed in hydrogen ambient from 200 to 700 °C for 20 min at each temperature. As the temperature increased, ρc demonstrated better thermal stability. In addition, the barrier height was evaluated to be −0.67 ± 0.12 eV by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) technique.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2079-6412
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/coatings9090539
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662314-6
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Accelerometer-Measured Physical Activity in Children and Adolescents at Altitudes over 3500 Meters: A Cross-Sectional Study in Tibet
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Vol. 16, No. 5 ( 2019-02-26), p. 686-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, MDPI AG, Vol. 16, No. 5 ( 2019-02-26), p. 686-
    Abstract: There is a scarcity of studies on the physical activity (PA) of children and adolescents who live at high altitudes. This study aimed to objectively assess PA of children and adolescents living in the Tibet at altitudes over 3500 m and to examine its difference by ethnicity, gender, age/grade, and body weight status groups. A sample of 397 students aged 9–18 years were recruited from 7 schools in Lhasa, Tibet. PA was measured using accelerometers (ActiGraph GT3X) for seven consecutive days and moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA) was identified using the Evenson (2008) cut-points. Participant MVPA was 62.3 min/day, with 65.5 min/day during weekdays and 54.1 min/day on weekends. Indigenous Tibetans were more active than Hans, and boys had more MVPA than girls. Age had a significantly weak negative correlation with MVPA. There was no significant difference in MVPA between the non-overweight and overweight/obese groups. Overall, only 9.1% (13.8% in boys and 4.5% in girls) accumulated at least 60 min of MVPA per day. Compared to their counterparts in other regions, the daily MVPA of children and adolescents living on the Tibetan Plateau at altitudes over 3500 m was relatively high. However, the proportion of meeting the WHO’s PA recommendations was extremely low.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1660-4601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16050686
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2175195-X
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    SlCCD1A Enhances the Aroma Quality of Tomato Fruits by Promoting the Synthesis of Carotenoid-Derived Volatiles
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Foods Vol. 10, No. 11 ( 2021-11-03), p. 2678-
    Details
    In: Foods, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 11 ( 2021-11-03), p. 2678-
    Abstract: The loss of volatiles results in the deterioration of flavor in tomatoes. Volatiles are mainly derived from fatty acid, carotenoid, phenylpropane, and branched chain amino acids. In this study, the tomato accession CI1005 with a strong odor and accession TI4001 with a weak odor were analyzed. The volatile contents were measured in tomato fruits using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The scores of tomato taste and odor characteristics were evaluated according to hedonistic taste and olfaction. It was found that the content of fatty acid-derived volatiles accounted for more than half of the total volatiles that had grassy and fatty aromas. Phenylpropane-derived volatiles had irritation and floral aromas. Branched-chain amino acid-derived volatiles had a caramel aroma. Carotenoid-derived volatiles had floral, fruity, fatty, and sweet-like aromas, preferred by consumers. A lack of carotenoid-derived volatiles affected the flavor quality of tomato fruits. The accumulation of carotenoid-derived volatiles is regulated by carotenoid cleavage oxygenases (CCDs). A tissue-specific expression analysis of the SlCCD genes revealed that the expression levels of SlCCD1A and SlCCD1B were higher in tomato fruits than in other tissues. The expression levels of SlCCD1A and SlCCD1B were consistent with the trend of the carotenoid-derived volatile contents. The expression of SlCCD1A was higher than that for SlCCD1B. A bioinformatics analysis revealed that SlCCD1A was more closely linked to carotenoid metabolism than SlCCD1B. The overexpression of SlCCD1A indicated that it could cleave lycopene, α-carotene, and β-carotene to produce 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, geranylacetone, α-ionone, and β-ionone, increasing the floral, fruity, fatty, and sweet-like aromas of tomato fruits. The flavor quality of tomato fruits could be improved by overexpressing SlCCD1A.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2304-8158
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/foods10112678
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704223-6
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Effect of Anionic Surfactants on the Oil–Water–Rock Interactions by an Improved Washburn Method
    MDPI AG ; 2024
    In:  Molecules Vol. 29, No. 12 ( 2024-06-17), p. 2878-
    Details
    In: Molecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 29, No. 12 ( 2024-06-17), p. 2878-
    Abstract: The complex and variable structure of subsurface oil reservoirs as well as the small pore throat size of reservoirs make it extremely important to investigate the effect of oil–water–rock interactions for enhancing oil recovery. In this paper, the powder wettability of oil sand with different polar solvents was investigated using the improved Washburn capillary rise method, and the surface free energy of oil sand was calculated in combination with the OWRK method. In addition, the wettability of anionic surfactants HABS and PS solutions on the surface of oil sand was determined, and it showed that their wetting rates showed different trends after CMC (critical micelle concentration). The C×cosθ value of HABS decreased significantly with increasing concentration, whereas PS showed little changes. This may be related to the aggregate structure formed by HABS on the oil sand surface. Meanwhile, the interfacial free energy between crude oil and oil sand was obtained by crude oil-to-oil sand wetting experiments, and found that the wetting rate of crude oil to oil sand was much lower than that of solvents and surfactants. In combination with the above results and the oil–water interfacial tension (IFT), the oil–water–rock three-phase contact angle and the work of adhesion between the crude oil and the solid were obtained by Young’s equation. From the three-phase contact angle results, it can be found that the contact angle values of both HABS and PS are obviously higher than that of the simulated water, and both HABS and PS have the ability to significantly reduce the work of adhesion, which shows a strong ability to strip the oil film on the surface of the solid. The research results of this paper are helpful to understand the oil displacement mechanism of chemical flooding in reservoir pores, which is of great significance for improving oil recovery.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1420-3049
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/molecules29122878
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2024
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008644-1
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Taxonomy and Phylogeny of Eight New Acrophialophora Species (Sordariales, Chaetomiaceae) from China
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Journal of Fungi Vol. 9, No. 6 ( 2023-06-05), p. 645-
    Details
    In: Journal of Fungi, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 6 ( 2023-06-05), p. 645-
    Abstract: The genus Acrophialophora belongs to the family Chaetomiaceae. With the addition of new species and transferred species from other genera, the genus Acrophialophora has expanded. In this study, eight new species related to Acrophialophora were isolated from soil samples in China. Using muti-locus phylogenetic (ITS, LSU, tub2 and RPB2) analysis combined with morphological characteristics, eight new species (Acrophialophora curvata, A. fujianensis, A. guangdongensis, A. longicatenata, A. minuta, A. multiforma, A. rhombica, and A. yunnanensis) are described. Descriptions, illustrations, and notes of the new species are also provided.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2309-608X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jof9060645
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2784229-0
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Analysis of Orbital Atmospheric Density from QQ-Satellite Precision Orbits Based on GNSS Observations
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Remote Sensing Vol. 14, No. 16 ( 2022-08-10), p. 3873-
    Details
    In: Remote Sensing, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 16 ( 2022-08-10), p. 3873-
    Abstract: Atmospheric drag provides an indirect approach for evaluating atmospheric mass density, which can be derived from the Precise Orbit Determination (POD) of Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites. A method was developed to estimate nongravitational acceleration, which includes the drag acceleration of the thermospheric density model and empirical force acceleration in the velocity direction from the centimeter-level reduced-dynamic POD. The main research achievements include the study of atmospheric responses to geomagnetic storms, especially after the launch of the spherical Qiu Qiu (QQ)-Satellite (QQ-Satellite) with the global navigation system satellite (GNSS) receiver onboard tracking the Global Positioning System (GPS) and Beidou System (BDS) data. Using this derivation method, the high-accuracy POD atmospheric density was determined from these data, resulting in better agreement among the QQ-Satellite-derived densities and the NRLMSISE-00 model densities. In addition, the POD-derived density exhibited a more sensitive response to magnetic storms. Improved accuracy of short-term orbit predictions using derived density was one of the aims of this study. Preliminary experiments using densities derived from the QQ-Satellite showed promising and encouraging results in reducing orbit propagation errors within 24 h, especially during periods of geomagnetic activity.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-4292
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/rs14163873
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2513863-7
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Phononic Coupled-Resonator Waveguide Micro-Cavities
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Applied Sciences Vol. 10, No. 19 ( 2020-09-26), p. 6751-
    Details
    In: Applied Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 19 ( 2020-09-26), p. 6751-
    Abstract: Phononic coupled-resonator waveguide cavities are formed by a finite chain of defects in a complete bandgap phononic crystal slab. The sample is machined in a fused silica plate by femtosecond printing to form an array of cross-shape holes. The collective resonance of the phononic cavities, in the Megahertz frequency range, are excited by a piezoelectric vibrator and imaged by laser Doppler vibrometry. It is found that well-defined resonant cavity modes can be efficiently excited, even though the phononic cavities are distant by a few lattice spacings and are only weakly coupled through evanescent elastic waves. The results suggest the possibility of engineering the dynamical response of a set of coupled phononic cavities by an adequate layout of defects in a phononic crystal slab.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-3417
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/app10196751
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704225-X
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Preparation of Alginate Oligosaccharides from Laminaria japonica Biomass by a Novel Biofunctional Alginate Lyase with pH and Salt Tolerance
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Processes Vol. 11, No. 5 ( 2023-05-15), p. 1495-
    Details
    In: Processes, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 5 ( 2023-05-15), p. 1495-
    Abstract: Enzymatic alginate oligosaccharides were proved with various biological activities. Developing robust alginate lyase with high production is essential for its industrial application. In this study, a novel alginate lyase gene, AL07, was successfully screened and expressed in Pichia pastoris, and its characteristics were characterized. The secreted alginate lyase has a molecular weight of approximately 40.0 kDa and an activity of 45.4 U/mL. AL07 exhibits superior biological activity at pH 7.0 and 40 °C, with a preference for polyG substrates. Notably, the enzyme exhibits more than 60% relative activity over a pH range of 5.0 to 10.0. AL07 is also independent of ions and exhibits salt tolerance properties. The main degradation product of AL07 is DP2 oligosaccharide. Using AL07-based enzyme cocktail, Laminaria japonica can be degraded within 120 min. Therefore, AL07 has been demonstrated to be an efficient tool for the preparation of alginate oligosaccharides and the degradation of L. japonica.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2227-9717
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/pr11051495
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2720994-5
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